Spartina gracilis
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Ordo: Poales
Familia: Poaceae
Genus: Spartina
Name
Spartina gracilis Trin. – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Spartina gracilis Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6,4(1-2): 110. 1845. Type. CANADA.Amer. bor., Hooker s.n. (isotypes: LE [LETRIN2058.01!], US [US92014!] (fragm. ex LE)).
Description:
See Mobberley (1956)[1], Barkworth (2003)[2], and Douglas et al. (2001)[3]. 2n = 40 (Marchant 1968b[4], Reeder 1977[5]).
Common name
Alkali cordgrass, big cordgrass.
Illustrations
Hitchcock 1935[6]:493, Hitchcock 1951[7]: 513, Hitchcock et al. 1969[8]:706, Barkworth 2003[2]:251, Douglas et al. 2001[3]:269.
Etymology
The Latin epithet gracilis means “thin, slender” (Stearn 1992[9]), probably given in reference to the general habit of the species.
Distribution
Southern Northwest Territories, Canada, to central Mexico (Barkworth 2003[2]). In the Pacific Northwest Spartina gracilis is distributed in the steppe and montane zones of the south central and south eastern parts of British Columbia (Douglas et al. 2001[3]), and in eastern Oregon and Washington (Barkworth 2003[2], Wilson et al. 2012[10]). It is not a salt marsh species and is not invasive.
Morphology
Spartina gracilis is a distinctive taxon (Fig. 8). In the Pacific Northwest it is likely to be most readily confused with Spartina pectinata, which also grows inland. It is distinguished from Spartina pectinata by the following combination of characters: upper glumes unawned or short-awned, awns to 2 mm long [vs. distinctly awned upper glumes, awns 3–8 mm long], ciliate glume keels [vs. pectinate glume keels], spikelets 6–11 mm long [vs. 10–25 mm long], ligules 0.5–1 mm long [vs. 1–3 mm long], 3–12 branches per inflorescence [vs. 5–50 branches per inflorescence], and 10–30 spikelets per branch [vs. 10–80 spikelets per branch]. It is distinguished from Spartina patens by its ciliate glume keels [vs. scabrous glume keels], inconspicuous lateral veins on the upper glumes [vs. conspicuous lateral veins on the upper glumes], most branches 3–6 mm wide [vs. most branches 2–3 mm wide], branches closely appressed to the main axis [vs. branches appressed, ascending or spreading from main axis], and florets more or less equaling the upper glumes in length [vs. florets shorter than the upper glumes]. Spartina gracilis can be readily separated from Spartina alterniflora, Spartina anglica and Spartina ×townsendii by its scabrous leaf margins [vs. glabrous leaf margins], and from Spartina densiflora by its rhizomatous habit [vs. cespitose].
Specimens examined
CANADA. British Columbia: 23 mi W of Kamloops, 50.6667°N, 120.8569°W uncertainty 33215 m, 23 July 1941, W.A.Weber 2548 (CAN [CAN33940]); Thompson River valley between Spences Bridge and Cache Creek, 50.6059°N, 121.3386°W uncertainty 22 km, 15 July 1964, H.J.Scoggan 15626 (CAN [CAN308046], Fig. 8); Flying U Ranch, Cariboo, bank at edge of Green Lake, 51.4172°N, 121.2025°W uncertainty 8569 m, 21 June 1944, J.W.Eastham 11509 (CAN [CAN33941]); N of Kamloops, 50.6667°N, 120.3333°W uncertainty 7196 m, 13 Jun 1889, J.Macoun s.n. (CAN [CAN33943, Suppl. Fig. 26]); Kamloops, 50.6667°N, 120.3333°W uncertainty 7196 m, 4–7 Sep 1931, V.Kujala & A.Cajander s.n. (CAN [CAN394081, CAN394014, Suppl. Fig. 27]); 119 mile, Cariboo, 18 Jun 1942, J.A.Munro 23 (CAN [CAN33942]); Similkameen River, 10 Jun 1905, J.M.Macoun 77227 (CAN [CAN33944, Suppl. Fig. 28]). UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Montana: Hound Creek, 30 Jul 1883, F. Lamson-Scribner 329 (CAN [CAN162196]). North Dakota: Ward County, 26 Jul 1963, L.F.Lautenschlager 694 (CAN [CAN297003]). Utah: Death Ridge-Horse Mountain Road, near Caanan Peak, 6800 ft, 15 June 1990, M.A.Franklin & D.Atwood 7129 (CAN[CAN563733]). Washington: Okanogan Co.: Loomiston, Aug 1897, A.D.E.Elmer 891 (CAN [CAN162194, CAN162191]).
Taxon Treatment
- Saarela, J; 2012: Taxonomic synopsis of invasive and native Spartina (Poaceae, Chloridoideae) in the Pacific Northwest (British Columbia, Washington and Oregon), including the first report of Spartina ×townsendii for British Columbia, Canada PhytoKeys, 10: 25-82. doi
Other References
- ↑ Mobberley D (1956) Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Spartina. Iowa State College Journal of Science 30: 471-564.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Barkworth M (2003) Spartina Schreb. In: Barkworth M Capels K Long S Piep M (Eds). Flora of North America North of Mexico, Volume 25: Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 2. Oxford University Press: 240-250.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Douglas G, Meidinger D, Pojar J (Eds) (2001) Illustrated Flora of British Columbia. Volume 7. Monocotyledons (Orchidaceae through Zosteraceae). British Columbia Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management. (Archived by WebCite® at http://www.webcitation.org/66A2fjppD)
- ↑ Marchant C (1968b) Evolution in Spartina (Gramineae): III. Species chromosome numbers and their taxonomic significance. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Botany 60: 411-417. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1968.tb00097.x
- ↑ Reeder J (1977) Chromosome numbers in western grasses. American Journal of Botany 64: 102-110. doi: 10.2307/2441882
- ↑ Hitchcock A (1935) Manual of the grasses of the United States. Miscellaneous publication no. 200, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
- ↑ Hitchcock A (1951) Manual of grasses of the United States (ed. 2, revised by A. Chase). Miscellaneous publication no. 200, United States Department of Agriculture. Washington, D.C. doi: 10.5962/bhl.title.5731
- ↑ Hitchcock C, Cronquist A, Ownbey M, Thompson J (1969) Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest. Part 1: Vascular cryptogams, gymnosperms, and monocotyledons. University of Washington Press, Seattle and London, 914 pp.
- ↑ Stearn W (1992) Botanical Latin. David & Charles, England, 546 pp.
- ↑ Wilson B, Brainerd R, Otting N (2012) Poaceae Barnhart. In: Hardison L et al. (Eds) Flora of Oregon. http://www.oregonfloraorg/flora.php [accessed 23 Feb 2012] (Archived by WebCite® at http://www.webcitationorg/65faC4zwC)
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