Saprinus

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Taxonavigation

Ordo: Coleoptera
Familia: Histeridae

Name

Saprinus Erichson, 1834 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

• Saprinus Erichson, 1834: 172. Type species Hister nitidulus Fabricius, 1801 (=Saprinus semistriatus (L.G. Scriba, 1790)), designated by Westwood (1838): 22.

Diagnosis

Some members of Saprinus are the largest of the Australian saprinines with specimens of S. (S.) viridanus measuring up to 6.70 mm (PEL). The genus is also the most species-rich; it contains 18 species, including 4 newly described and 2 introduced species. All Australopacific species (with the exception of S. detritus, S. pseudodetritus, and S. chathamensis from New Zealand/Chatham Islands, and S. nitiduloides Fairmaire, 1883 from New Britain/Solomon Islands and S. artensis Marseul, 1862 from New Caledonia that are dark brown) are characterized by strong metallic luster on the dorsum of their bodies, especially on elytra, and absence of red, orange or yellow elytral patches (often present in Palaearctic, Oriental and African species). Likewise, all have complete frontal stria (with the exception of S. grandiclava from New Guinea and two newly described species from the Chatham Islands). The frontal stria is usually widely interrupted in the Palaearctic or African species and is used to diagnose the Palaearctic members of Saprinus. One species, S. viridipennis (Australia), lacks carinal prosternal striae and two species, S. grandiclava (New Guinea) and S. viridanus (Australia), share unusually large, circular antennal clubs. An aedeagal peculiarity among Australopacific Saprinus is the presence of well-separated parameres (see also below; e.g. Fig. 475) in the Australian endemic species S. amethystinus Lewis, 1900, S. australis (Boisduval, 1835), S. laetus Erichson, 1834, and S. tyrrhenus Blackburn, 1903. The three New Zealand endemics, as well as S. grandiclava Kanaar, 1989 (endemic to New Guinea), have their parameres separated in the apical half and are more approximate than in the Australian species (Fig. 456).

Biology

Species of Saprinus are typical volant predators with a preference for open grasslands and xerothermic habitats where they prey upon fly larvae found in decomposing organic matter, such as mammalian dung or carcasses (Lackner 2010). Their large and well-developed sensory patches on the ventral side of their antennal clubs probably enable them to locate the carrion from a long distance (but these are lacking in S. grandiclava). The natural history of several rare species (S. grandiclava, S. amethystinus and S. tyrrhenus) is completely unknown. S. rarus sp. n. was collected in the nest of the arboreal Tree termite (Nasutitermes walkeri (Hill, 1942)) and is presumed to be a specialised termitophile.

Distribution

There are eighteen species of Australopacific Saprinus: nine native and two introduced (S. chalcites and S. cupreus) are known from Australia; three species of Saprinus are present in New Zealand/Chatham Islands; New Caledonia has one endemic and one non-endemic species. New Guinea has a single endemic species, with two other, non-endemic congeners. We describe one endemic species from the Kiribati atoll (Figs 753, 755, 758–765).

Remarks

Australopacific species of the genus Saprinus differ from the similar-looking species Notosaprinus irinus (Marseul, 1862) by the presence of lateral prosternal striae (usually both carinal and lateral prosternal striae are present). See discussion of Notosaprinus for more details. The genus Saprinus is the most species-rich genus of the subfamily (see e.g. Lackner 2010 or Mazur 2011 for details) with the bulk of its representatives occurring in the Palaearctic and Afrotropical Regions. Although moderately diverse also in the Oriental (Indo-Malayan) and Nearctic Regions, Saprinus of the Australopacific Region with 16 native species are rather species-poor when compared to their counterparts from the other regions. Only the Neotropical Region, with only 7 known species has fewer than Australopacific Region.
Based on the structure of the aedeagus there are two main groups of Australopacific Saprinus: in each group there are eight species with widely separated parameres and with fused parameres. Regarding the group of species with fused parameres, the following species are morphologically very similar: S. cyaneus cyaneus, S. artensis, S. nitiduloides and S. pacificus (compare Figs 335, 420, 493 and 510). Based on their overall similarities, including the structure of male genitalia we believe that they likely share a recent common ancestor that probably reached the region from the north, since a subspecies of S. cyaneus, S. cyaneus auricollis, is distributed also in the Indo-Malayan Region up to Southern Japan. These species can possibly be regarded among the so-called northern invaders, sensu Mitchell and Bouchard (2008). Another species with fused parameres, Saprinus splendens, is widely distributed in the tropical regions of Africa/Arabian peninsula and the Oriental (Indo-Malayan) Region as far east and north as Japan, and its occurrence in the Australopacific Region (Australia and Marianna Islands) is not surprising. The three remaining species with fused parameres (S. rarus, S. viridanus, and S. viridipennis) are Australian endemics. Saprinus rarus has a uniquely triangulate dilated and thickened antennal scape (Fig. 529), strongly dilated tibiae (Fig. 536) and elongate body shape (Fig. 528), features that are probably reflecting its termitophilous lifestyle, and may protect it against termites (thickened antennal club and dilated tibiae protect larger space of body venter when in repose). S. viridipennis lacks the carinal prosternal striae entirely (Fig. 609; an autapomorphic feature within Saprinus), while the antennal club of S. viridanus is unusually large and circular, resembling the form present in the New Guinean endemic S. grandiclava (compare Figs 460 and 586).
The remaining eight species with (widely) separate parameres (Australian S. amethystinus, S. australis, S. tyrrhenus, S. laetus; New Guinean S. grandiclava and New Zealand S. detritus, S. pseudodetritus and S. chathamensis) are unique among the 157 described species of Saprinus (sensu Mazur 2011): no other species of Saprinus have this character. In the published phylogenetic analysis of the senior author (Lackner 2014d) only the type species of the genus, S. (S.) semistriatus, a taxon with fused parameres, was analysed. As noted above (see remarks section of Notosaprinus), S. (S.) semistriatus was recovered sister to Notosaprinus irinus; this clade itself was recovered sister to a larger clade containing North American Xerosaprinus, African Pilisaprinus and Paraphilothis, Middle-Asian Styphrus, Palaearctic Phaonius (itself subgenus of Saprinus). None of these relatives of Saprinus possess separated parameres. On the other hand, two members of the genus Microsaprinus Kryzhanovskij, 1976 that was recovered in the aforementioned analysis closer to the root, possess separated parameres of the aedeagus (albeit not widely; see Secq and Secq 1995 for figures). Looking at the character value nodes of Saprinus near and even more distant relatives the basal aedeagal condition does not appear therefore to be the separated-parameres character state, with the single exception of the two Microsaprinus species.

Key to the Australopacific species of Saprinus Erichson, 1834

Key to the Australopacific species of Saprinus Erichson, 1834 — T. Lackner , R. Leschen

1	(16)	Lead statement missing!    Pronotal hypomeron with scattered microscopic setae, or distinctly setose
2	(9)	Lead statement missing!    Protibia on outer margin with approximately 5 low teeth topped by denticle (Fig. 466)
3	(4)	Bi-colored species (Fig. 458), elytra usually dark blue; pronotum often metallic green; parameres of aedeagus widely separated on their apical half (Fig. 475)     S. (S.) laetus Erichson, 1834 (Australia, Lord Howe Island)
4	(3)	Lead statement missing!    Unicolored, castaneous to dark brown species without metallic luster (Fig. 511); parameres of aedeagus not widely separated (Fig. 526) (New Zealand and Chatham Islands species)
5	(6)	Dorsum matte, with alutaceous microsculpture, apical third of elytra with aciculate punctures (Figs 511, 515)     S. (S.) pseudodetritus sp. n. (New Zealand: Chatham Islands)
6	(5)	Lead statement missing!    Dorsum shining, with punctures but never with alutaceous microsculpture, apical third of elytra with simple, not aciculate punctures (Figs 372, 376)
7	(8)	Pronotum laterally with a band of deep, dense punctures (Fig. 422); eighth tergite not particularly narrowing apically, apex with a denser tuft of setae, apex of aedeagus dilated (Figs 432–438)     S. (S.) detritus (Fabricius, 1775) (New Zealand, Chatham Islands)
8	(7)	Pronotum completely glabrous (Fig. 372); eighth tergite gradually narrowing apically, apex with only several setae, apex of aedeagus not particularly dilated (Figs 382–388)     S. (S.) chathamensis sp. n. (New Zealand: Chatham Islands)
9	(2)	Lead statement missing!    Protibia on outer margin with three large triangular teeth topped by denticle (Fig. 603)
10	(11)	Carinal prosternal striae absent (Fig. 609); setae of pronotal hypomeron long; male genitalia (Figs 612–618): eighth sternite and tergite rather wide, their width more than half their length; apex of eighth sternite with only few microscopic sparse setae; aedeagus on apical third dilated; apex with a cluster of tiny setae (best visible from lateral view)     S. (S.) viridipennis Lewis, 1901 (Australia)
11	(10)	Lead statement missing!    Carinal prosternal striae present (Fig. 589); setae of pronotal hypomeron rather short
12	(13)	Large species, PEL = 5.80–6.70 mm; antennal clubs large, circular (Fig. 587); parameres of aedeagus fused (Fig. 601)     S. (S.) viridanus Lewis, 1899 (Australia)
13	(12)	Lead statement missing!    Smaller species, PEL = max 3.85 mm; antennal clubs not large, oval to circular shaped (Fig. 303); parameres of aedeagus separated (Figs 318, 456)
14	(15)	Body elongate oval (Fig. 301); PEL = 3.25–3.85 mm; mesoventrite punctate (Fig. 306); male genitalia (Figs 311–319) eighth sternite strongly sclerotized, apically with several tiny setae; parameres of aedeagus separated nearly to base     S. (S.) amethystinus Lewis, 1900 (Australia)
15	(14)	Body roundly oval (Fig. 565); PEL max 2.75 mm; mesoventrite smooth (Fig. 571); male genitalia (Figs 578–584): eighth sternite weakly sclerotized, apex with a tuft of sparse short setae; aedeagus medially widened, parameres separated in apical half only     S. (S.) tyrrhenus Blackburn, 1903 (Australia)
16	(1)	Lead statement missing!    Pronotal hypomeron glabrous
17	(18)	Antennal club unusually large, almost heart-shaped (Fig. 441); ventral surface of antennal club without any apparent sensory areas or patches (Fig. 442)     S. (S.) grandiclava Kanaar, 1989 (New Guinea)
18	(17)	Lead statement missing!    Antennal club not unusually large, circular or oval; ventral surface of antennal club usually with visible sensory areas or patches (Fig. 549)
19	(20)	Elongate species (Fig. 528); tibiae dilated (Figs 536, 537); antennal scape thickened and triangularly dilated (Fig. 529)     S. (S.) rarus sp. n. (Australia)
20	(19)	Lead statement missing!    Roundly oval species (Fig. 389); tibiae not particularly dilated (Figs 397, 398); antennal scape not particularly thickened or triangularly dilated (Fig. 390)
21	(24)	Lead statement missing!    Smaller species, PEL = max 2.75 mm, often frontal stria widely interrupted (Fig. 390)
22	(23)	Punctures of elytra very dense, interspaces between them almost non-existent (Fig. 389); male genitalia (Figs 399–407): eighth sternite apically with a tuft of long dense setae; spiculum gastrale (ninth sternite) dilated on both ends; aedeagus widened at apex, strongly curved in lateral view     S. (S.) cupreus Erichson, 1834 (species adventive to Australia)
23	(22)	Punctures of elytra moderately dense, interspaces between them approximately as large as punctures themselves (Fig. 353); male genitalia (Figs 363–371): eighth sternite apically with a dense brush of short setae; apex of aedeagus only moderately widened     S. (S.) chalcites (Illiger, 1807) (species adventive to Australia)
24	(21)	Lead statement missing!    Larger species, PEL = min 3.15 mm, frontal stria in most cases complete, rarely slightly interrupted medially (Fig. 338)
25	(26)	Third dorsal elytral stria always strongly shortened apically, with fourth stria as long as second (Fig. 337); elytra usually dark blue, pronotum normally dark brown with bronze metallic luster; parameres of male aedeagus widely separated (Fig. 351)     S. (S.) australis (Boisduval, 1835) (Australia)
26	(25)	Lead statement missing!    Third dorsal elytral stria normally never strongly shortened apically, while fourth stria can be shorter than second (Fig. 408)
27	(28)	Fourth dorsal elytral stria shortened on basal third (Fig. 547); dorsal elytral striae containing weak tiny punctures; aedeagus near basal third briefly dilated (Fig. 561)     S. (S.) splendens (Paykull, 1811) (widely distributed species in Afrotropical and Oriental Regions; in Australopacific Region present in Australia, Papua New Guinea and Marianna Islands)
28	(27)	Lead statement missing!    Fourth dorsal elytral stria normally not shortened on basal third (Fig. 408); dorsal elytral striae containing larger round punctures; aedeagus near basal third not particularly dilated (Figs 420, 510)
29	(30)	Usually bi-colored species (Fig. 408), male genitalia (Figs 415–421): eighth sternite narrowing apically; apex with a sparse cluster of tiny setae; apical angles of tenth tergite strongly sclerotized; aedeagus from dorsal view parallel-sided, slightly curved from lateral view, apex ventrally with a brush of tiny setae (best visible from lateral view) (Australia, Lord Howe Island, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Fiji)     S. (S.) cyaneus cyaneus (Fabricius, 1775)
30	(29)	Lead statement missing!    Unicolored species (Fig. 320) from New Caledonia, New Guinea: New Britain, Solomon Islands and Kiribati, best recognized among each other on basis of their male terminalia
31	(32)	Apical half of elytra densely punctate (Fig. 320), interspaces approximately the size of the punctures; male genitalia (Figs 330–336): eighth sternite apically sub-rectangular, with dense short setae; apices setose     S. (S.) artensis Marseul, 1862 (New Caledonia)
32	(31)	Lead statement missing!    Apical half of elytra sparsely punctate (Fig. 477), interspaces larger than the size of the punctures
33	(34)	Male terminalia (Figs 487–493): eighth sternite apically with two small velae, adorned with a cluster of microscopic setae     S. (S.) nitiduloides Fairmaire, 1883 (Papua New Guinea: New Britain; Solomon Islands)
34	(33)	Male terminalia (Figs 504–510): eighth sternite strongly narrowing anteriorly, apically without two small velae; apex of eighth sternite densely setose; aedeagi generally similar between the three preceding species     S. (S.) pacificus sp. n. (Kiribati)

Taxon Treatment

• Lackner, T; Leschen, R; 2017: A monograph of the Australopacific Saprininae (Coleoptera, Histeridae) ZooKeys, (689): 1-263. doi

Images

Figure 301. Saprinus (Saprinus) amethystinus Lewis, 1900 habitus, dorsal view.  Figures 302–310. 302 Saprinus (Saprinus) amethystinus Lewis, 1900 head, dorsal view 303 antennal club, dorsal view 304 pygidium 305 prosternum 306 mesoventrite 307 lateral disc of metaventrite + metepisternum 308 protibia, dorsal view 309 ditto, ventral view 310 metatibia, dorsal view.  Figures 311–319. 311 Saprinus (Saprinus) amethystinus Lewis, 1900 male terminalia: 8th sternite + 8th tergite, ventral view 312 ditto, dorsal view 313 ditto, lateral view 314 male terminalia: 9th + 10th tergites, dorsal view 315 ditto, lateral view 316 male terminalia: spiculum gastrale, ventral view 317 ditto, lateral view 318 male terminalia: aedeagus, dorsal view 319 ditto, lateral view.  Figure 320. Saprinus (Saprinus) artensis Marseul, 1862 habitus, dorsal view.  Figures 321–329. 321 Saprinus (Saprinus) artensis Marseul, 1862 head, dorsal view 322 antennal club, ventral view 323 mentum, ventral view 324 propygidium + pygidium 325 prosternum 326 mesoventrite 327 lateral disc of metaventrite + metepisternum 328 protibia, ventral view 329 mesotibia, ventral view.  Figures 330–336. 330 Saprinus (Saprinus) artensis Marseul, 1862 male terminalia: 8th sternite + 8th tergite, ventral view 331 ditto, dorsal view 332 ditto, lateral view 333 male terminalia: 9th + 10th tergites, dorsal view; spiculum gastrale, ventral view 334 9th + 10th tergites; spiculum gastrale, lateral view 335 male terminalia: aedeagus, dorsal view 336 ditto, lateral view.  Figure 337. Saprinus (Saprinus) australis (Boisduval, 1835) habitus, dorsal view.  Figures 338–343. 338 Saprinus (Saprinus) australis (Boisduval, 1835) head, dorsal view 339 antennal club, ventral view 340 prosternum 341 mesoventrite 342 lateral disc of metaventrite + metepisternum 343 protibia, dorsal view.  Figures 344–352. 344 Saprinus (Saprinus) australis (Boisduval, 1835) male terminalia: 8th sternite + 8th tergite, ventral view 345 ditto, dorsal view 346 ditto, lateral view 347 male terminalia: 9th + 10th tergites, dorsal view 348 ditto, lateral view 349 male terminalia: spiculum gastrale, ventral view 350 ditto, lateral view 351 male terminalia: aedeagus, dorsal view 352 ditto, lateral view.  Figure 353. Saprinus (Saprinus) chalcites (Illiger, 1807) habitus, dorsal view.  Figures 354–362. 354 Saprinus (Saprinus) chalcites (Illiger, 1807) head, dorsal view 355 antennal club, dorsal view 356 ditto, ventral view 357 mentum, ventral view 358 propygidium + pygidium 359 prosternum 360 lateral disc of metaventrite + metepisternum 361 protibia, dorsal view 362 ditto, ventral view.  Figures 363–371. 363 Saprinus (Saprinus) chalcites (Illiger, 1807) male terminalia: 8th sternite + 8th tergite, ventral view 364 ditto, dorsal view 365 ditto, lateral view 366 male terminalia: 9th + 10th tergites, dorsal view 367 ditto, lateral view 368 male terminalia: spiculum gastrale, ventral view 369 ditto, lateral view 370 male terminalia: aedeagus, dorsal view 371 ditto, lateral view.  Figure 372. Saprinus (Saprinus) chathamensis sp. n. habitus, dorsal view.  Figures 373–381. 373 Saprinus (Saprinus) chathamensis sp. n. head, dorsal view 374 antennal club, dorsal view 375 mentum, ventral view 376 propygidium + pygidium 377 prosternum 378 mesoventrite 379 lateral disc of metaventrite + metepisternum 380 protibia, dorsal view 381 ditto, ventral view.  Figures 382–388. 382 Saprinus (Saprinus) chathamensis sp. n. male terminalia: 8th sternite + 8th tergite, ventral view 383 ditto, dorsal view 384 ditto, lateral view 385 male terminalia: 9th + 10th tergites, dorsal view; spiculum gastrale, ventral view 386 male terminalia: 9th + 10th tergites; spiculum gastrale, lateral view 387 male terminalia: aedeagus, dorsal view 388 ditto, lateral view.  Figure 389. Saprinus (Saprinus) cupreus Erichson, 1834 habitus, dorsal view.  Figures 390–398. 390 Saprinus (Saprinus) cupreus Erichson, 1834 head, dorsal view 391 antennal club, dorsal view 392 mentum, ventral view 393 pygidium 394 prosternum 395 lateral disc of metaventrite + metepisternum 396 protibia, dorsal view 397 ditto, ventral view 398 metatibia, ventral view.  Figures 399–407. 399 Saprinus (Saprinus) cupreus Erichson, 1834 male terminalia: 8th sternite + 8th tergite, ventral view 400 ditto, dorsal view 401 ditto, lateral view 402 male terminalia: 9th + 10th tergites, dorsal view 403 ditto, lateral view 404 male terminalia: spiculum gastrale, ventral view 405 ditto, lateral view 406 male terminalia: aedeagus, dorsal view 407 ditto, lateral view.  Figure 408. Saprinus (Saprinus) cyaneus cyaneus (Fabricius, 1775) habitus, dorsal view.  Figures 409–414. 409 Saprinus (Saprinus) cyaneus cyaneus (Fabricius, 1775) head, dorsal view 410 prosternum 411 mesoventrite 412 lateral disc of metaventrite + metepisternum 413 protibia, ventral view 414 metatibia, ventral view.  Figures 415–421. 415 Saprinus (Saprinus) cyaneus cyaneus (Fabricius, 1775) male terminalia: 8th sternite + 8th tergite, ventral view 416 ditto, dorsal view 417 ditto, lateral view 418 male terminalia: 9th + 10th tergites, dorsal view; spiculum gastrale, ventral view 419 male terminalia: 9th + 10th tergites; spiculum gastrale, lateral view 420 male terminalia: aedeagus, dorsal view 421 ditto, lateral view.  Figure 422. Saprinus (Saprinus) detritus (Fabricius, 1775) habitus, dorsal view.  Figures 423–431. 423 Saprinus (Saprinus) detritus (Fabricius, 1775) head, dorsal view 424 antennal club, dorsal view 425 mentum, ventral view 426 prosternum 427 mesoventrite 428 lateral disc of metaventrite + metepisternum 429 protibia, dorsal view 430 mesotibia, dorsal view 431 metatibia, dorsal view.  Figures 432–438. 432 Saprinus (Saprinus) detritus (Fabricius, 1775) male terminalia: 8th sternite + 8th tergite, ventral view 433 ditto, dorsal view 434 ditto, lateral view 435 male terminalia: 9th + 10th tergites, dorsal view; spiculum gastrale, ventral view 436 male terminalia: 9th + 10th tergites; spiculum gastrale, lateral view 437 male terminalia: aedeagus, dorsal view 438 ditto, lateral view.  Figure 439. Saprinus (Saprinus) grandiclava Kanaar, 1989 habitus, dorsal view.  Figures 440–448. 440 Saprinus (Saprinus) grandiclava Kanaar, 1989 head, dorsal view 441 antennal club, dorsal view 442 ditto, ventral view 443 clypeus + labrum, dorsal view 444 propygidium + pygidium 445 prosternum 446 mesoventrite 447 lateral disc of metaventrite + metepisternum 448 protibia, dorsal view.  Figures 449–457. 449 Saprinus (Saprinus) grandiclava Kanaar, 1989 male terminalia: 8th sternite + 8th tergite, ventral view 450 ditto, dorsal view 451 ditto, lateral view 452 male terminalia: 9th + 10th tergites, dorsal view 453 ditto, lateral view 454 male terminalia: spiculum gastrale, ventral view 455 ditto, lateral view 456 male terminalia: aedeagus, dorsal view 457 ditto, lateral view  Figure 458. Saprinus (Saprinus) laetus Erichson, 1834 habitus, dorsal view.  Figures 459–467. 459 Saprinus (Saprinus) laetus Erichson, 1834 head, dorsal view 460 antennal club, ventral view 461 mentum, ventral view 462 propygidium + pygidium 463 prosternum 464 mesoventrite 465 lateral disc of metaventrite + metepisternum 466 protibia, dorsal view 467 mesotibia, ventral view.  Figures 468–476. 468 Saprinus (Saprinus) laetus Erichson, 1834 male terminalia: 8th sternite + 8th tergite, ventral view 469 ditto, dorsal view 470 ditto, lateral view 471 male terminalia: 9th + 10th tergites, dorsal view 472 ditto, lateral view 473 male terminalia: spiculum gastrale, ventral view 474 ditto, lateral view 475 male terminalia: aedeagus, dorsal view 476 ditto, lateral view.  Figure 477. Saprinus (Saprinus) nitiduloides Fairmaire, 1883 habitus, dorsal view.  Figures 478–486. 478 Saprinus (Saprinus) nitiduloides Fairmaire, 1883 head, dorsal view 479 propygidium + pygidium 480 prosternum 481 mesoventrite 482 lateral disc of metaventrite + metepisternum 483 protibia, dorsal view 484 ditto, ventral view 485 mesotibia, dorsal view 486 ditto, ventral view.  Figures 487–493. 487 Saprinus (Saprinus) nitiduloides Fairmaire, 1883 male terminalia: 8th sternite + 8th tergite, ventral view 488 ditto, dorsal view 489 ditto, lateral view 490 male terminalia: 9th + 10th tergites, dorsal view; spiculum gastrale, ventral view 491 male terminalia: 9th + 10th tergites; spiculum gastrale, lateral view 492 male terminalia: aedeagus, dorsal view 493 ditto, lateral view.  Figure 494. Saprinus (Saprinus) pacificus sp. n. habitus, dorsal view.  Figures 495–503. 495 Saprinus (Saprinus) pacificus sp. n. head, dorsal view 496 antennal club, dorsal view 497 mentum, ventral view 498 propygidium + pygidium 499 prosternum 500 mesoventrite 501 lateral disc of metaventrite + metepisternum 502 protibia, ventral view 503 mesotibia, dorsal view.  Figures 504–510. 504 Saprinus (Saprinus) pacificus sp. n. male terminalia: 8th sternite + 8th tergite, ventral view 505 ditto, dorsal view 506 ditto, lateral view 507 male terminalia: 9th + 10th tergites, dorsal view; spiculum gastrale, ventral view 508 male terminalia: 9th + 10th tergites; spiculum gastrale, lateral view 509 male terminalia: aedeagus, dorsal view 510 ditto, lateral view.  Figure 511. Saprinus (Saprinus) pseudodetritus sp. n. habitus, dorsal view.  Figures 512–520. 512 Saprinus (Saprinus) pseudodetritus sp. n. head, dorsal view 513 antennal club, ventral view 514 mentum, ventral view 515 propygidium + pygidium 516 prosternum 517 mesoventrite 518 lateral disc of metaventrite + metepisternum 519 mesotibia, dorsal view 520 metatibia, dorsal view.  Figures 521–527. 521 Saprinus (Saprinus) pseudodetritus sp. n. male terminalia: 8th sternite + 8th tergite, ventral view 522 ditto, dorsal view 523 ditto, lateral view 524 male terminalia: 9th + 10th tergites, dorsal view; spiculum gastrale, ventral view 525 male terminalia: 9th + 10th tergites; spiculum gastrale, lateral view 526 male terminalia: aedeagus, dorsal view 527 ditto, lateral view.  Figure 528. Saprinus (Saprinus) rarus sp. n. habitus, dorsal view.  Figures 529–537. 529 Saprinus (Saprinus) rarus sp. n. head, dorsal view 530 antennal club, ventral view 531 mentum, ventral view 532 propygidium + pygidium 533 prosternum 534 mesoventrite 535 lateral disc of metaventrite + metepisternum 536 protibia, ventral view 537 metatibia, dorsal view.  Figures 538–546. 538 Saprinus (Saprinus) rarus sp. n. male terminalia: 8th sternite + 8th tergite, ventral view 539 ditto, dorsal view 540 male terminalia: spiculum gastrale, ventral view 541 ditto, lateral view 542 male terminalia: 8th sternite + 8th tergite, lateral view 543 male terminalia: 9th + 10th tergite, dorsal view 544 ditto, lateral view 545 male terminalia: aedeagus, dorsal view 546 ditto, lateral view.  Figure 547. Saprinus (Saprinus) splendens (Paykull, 1811) habitus, dorsal view.  Figures 548–556. 548 Saprinus (Saprinus) splendens (Paykull, 1811) head, dorsal view 549 antennal club, ventral view 550 propygidium + pygidium 551 prosternum 552 mesoventrite 553 lateral disc of metaventrite + metepisternum 554 protibia, dorsal view 555 mesotibia, ventral view 556 metatibia, ventral view.  Figures 557–564. 557 Saprinus (Saprinus) splendens (Paykull, 1811) male terminalia after Ôhara (1994): 9th + 10th tergites, dorsal view 558 ditto, lateral view 559 male terminalia: 8th sternite + 8th tergite, lateral view 560 male terminalia: spiculum gastrale, ventral view 561 male terminalia: aedeagus, dorsal view 562 ditto, lateral view 563 male terminalia: 8th sternite, ventral view 564 male terminalia: 8th sternite + 8th ventrite, dorsal view.  Figure 565. Saprinus (Saprinus) tyrrhenus Blackburn, 1903 habitus, dorsal view.  Figures 566–577. 566 Saprinus (Saprinus) tyrrhenus Blackburn, 1903 head, dorsal view 567 antennal club, dorsal view 568 ditto, ventral view 569 propygidium + pygidium 570 prosternum 571 mesoventrite 572 lateral disc of metaventrite + metepisternum 573 protibia, dorsal view 574 ditto, ventral view 575 mesotibia, dorsal view 576 ditto, ventral view 577 metatibia, ventral view.  Figures 578–584. 578 Saprinus (Saprinus) tyrrhenus Blackburn, 1903 male terminalia: 8th sternite + 8th tergite, ventral view 579 ditto, dorsal view 580 ditto, lateral view 581 male terminalia: 9th + 10th tergites, dorsal view; spiculum gastrale, ventral view 582 male terminalia: 9th + 10th tergites; spiculum gastrale, lateral view 583 male terminalia: aedeagus, dorsal view 584 ditto, lateral view.  Figure 585. Saprinus (Saprinus) viridanus Lewis, 1899 habitus, dorsal view.  Figures 586–594. 586 Saprinus (Saprinus) viridanus Lewis, 1899 head, dorsal view 587 antennal club, ventral view 588 propygidium + pygidium 589 prosternum 590 mesoventrite 591 lateral disc of metaventrite + metepisternum 592 protibia, dorsal view 593 mesotibia, dorsal view 594 metatibia, dorsal view.

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