Reinmara
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Ordo: Lepidoptera
Familia: Mimallonidae
Name
Reinmara Schaus, 1928: 654. – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
Type species
Cicinnus enthona Schaus, 1905; Schaus 1928[1]: 654, by original designation.
Diagnosis
Reinmara can be recognized by the usual contrast between medial and submarginal areas due to diffuse, lighter coloration medially, this coloration, combined with the straight forewing postmedial line, notched tornus, and elongated, slightly falcate forewings (males) distinguish this genus from most other Mimallonidae. The morphologically most similar genus, Trogoptera Herrich-Schäffer, [1856], has more rectangular forewings and often displays more earthen tones (except in T. semililacea (Dognin, 1916) which is similar in color to some Reinmara but can be recognized by extremely long saccular extensions in the male genitalia). Genitalia of Trogoptera are very similar to those of Reinmara, but the fused gnathos is mesally extended by a singular structure, and is not distally separated as is the same structure in Reinmara. Schaus (1928)[1] noted this difference in his description of Reinmara.
Description
Male. Head: Pale beige to brown, eyes very large, occupying more than two-thirds area of head; antenna pale brown, tan, bipectinate to tip with distal fifth of pectinations much shorter; labial palpus reduced, not extending beyond frons, three segmented, second segment roughly half length of first, third segment reduced, barely visible; vestigial proboscis present. Thorax: Coloration usually as for head but with additional, often pink, shading. Legs: Coloration as for thorax, vestiture thick, long; tibial spurs narrow, very sharp, basal half covered in scales. Forewing dorsum: Forewing length: 12.0–23.5 mm, wingspan: 33–43 mm. Triangular, outer margin concave to varying degrees mesally; tornus usually strongly notched, apex may appear somewhat falcate in species with prominently concave outer margin. Ground color various shades of brown, sparsely scattered with dark brown, tiny petiolate scales usually present. Ante- and medial areas nearly always with pale pink or almost silvery scales throughout, submarginal area generally appearing darker than medial area. Presence of antemedial line variable, dark postmedial line preapical, well defined. Discal mark always present as pale splotch, with darker central region faint or very prominent. Fringe coloration variable. Forewing ventrum: Similar to dorsum but appearing browner overall due to absence of well-defined ante- and medial pink shading, though some pink shading may be present, especially submarginally. Antemedial line absent, postmedial line reduced to traces in all but R. ignea sp. n., discal mark more prominent, darker than on forewing dorsum. Hindwing dorsum: Shape more rounded, outer margin convex except for when notch present on anterior margin, patterning as for forewing dorsum, but antemedial line absent, discal mark and postmedial line usually weakly defined. Hindwing ventrum: Following same pattern as forewing ventrum. Frenulum a single bristle. Venation: Typical of Mimallonidae, but Rs3 + Rs4 quite long stalked. Abdomen: Coloration usually as for thorax, but browner, with coppery luster in fresh specimens, fading to pale beige in older material. Vestiture thick, long, distal tip of abdomen with elongated, dark-brown tipped scales. Genitalia: Vinculum ovoid, circumscribing a complex diaphragm with four setae-filled sacks, from a ventral perspective: upper two sacs much smaller and outwardly everted with long outwardly extended setae, lower two sacks larger (bottom right sack the largest of the four), lower sacks not outwardly everted, setae of lower sacks extended outward from within sacks. Uncus simple, broad, truncated to varying degrees distally, appearing beak-like laterally. Gnathos robust, proximally rectangular or rounded, with broad, dual mesal extensions that are fused together near base but bifurcate as fingerlike tips distally. Valves broad, short, rounded apically, sacculus accentuated as slight fold with both blunt and sharp projections near distal most portion of fold, length of sharp projection usually asymmetrical when comparing sacculus of both valves. Juxta partially fused to ventrum of phallus, basally juxta as widened lip where affixed to vinculum. Base of relatively small phallus narrower than distal portion, distal half of phallus variable in shape. Vesica very small, globular, with singular, long narrower extension. Female. Head: As for male but slightly broader; antenna dentate with very small pectinations along entire length of flagellum, except in R. ignea sp. n. where antenna more similar to that of male, but with smaller pectinations. Thorax: As for male. Legs: As for male. Forewing dorsum: Forewing length: 12–23 mm, wingspan: 27–43 mm. As for male but much broader, margin convex except for just below apex; tornus strongly notched. Coloration and patterning usually as for male, but see R. ignea sp. n. Forewing ventrum: Similar to dorsum but appearing browner overall due to absence of well-defined ante- and medial pink shading. Antemedial line absent, postmedial line usually reduced to traces, discal mark more prominent, darker than on forewing dorsum. Hindwing dorsum: Similar to forewing dorsum, but notch present on anterior margin, patterning as for forewing dorsum, but antemedial line absent, discal mark and postmedial line usually weakly defined. Hindwing ventrum: Following same pattern as forewing ventrum. Frenulum as multiple bristles. Abdomen: Similar to that of males but more robust overall. Genitalia: Stout, usually robust; tergite VIII forms smooth, posteriorly directed tongue-like extension, VIII heavily sclerotized laterally forming curving plate, which extends outward encircling papillae anales. Apophyses anteriores roughly half-length or equal to that of apophyses posteriores. Lamella ante- and postvaginalis converge as a wide, bowl-like structure. Ductus bursae short, narrow. Corpus bursae small in comparison to robust, heavily sclerotized remainder of genitalia, either bag-like or elongated. Papillae anales broad, rounded, covered in long, fine setae.
Remarks
The genus Reinmara is broadly distributed in South America. Prior to this study very little was known about the genus and females were unknown.
Unlike most genera of Mimallonidae studied by us in recent years, Reinmara have very homogenous male genitalia with only minor differences between externally distinct species (for example R. enthona and R. minasa), so we relied heavily on external characters, considering habitat specialization and endemism to specific habitats/biomes as seen in other mimallonid genera, as well as in one case COI barcoding, to differentiate species. We also recognize the close similarity in wing shape and male genitalia morphology between Reinmara and Trogoptera, but maintain them as separate, valid genera pending ongoing phylogenetic work.
Key to species of Reinmara
Taxon Treatment
- Laurent, R; Herbin, D; Mielke, C; 2017: Revision of the genus Reinmara Schaus, 1928 (Lepidoptera, Mimallonoidea, Mimallonidae) with the descriptions of four new species from South America ZooKeys, (677): 97-129. doi
Images
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![Figures 25–27. Reinmara male genitalia, a ventral b lateral c phallus lateral. 25 R. andensis Holotype, Bolivia, N. Yungas, 1000–1800 m, D. Herbin genitalia prep. H. 1134 (MNHN) 26 R. occidentalis Holotype, Ecuador, El Oro, 10 km NW of Piñas, 750 m, genitalia prep. 29.218 [phallus flipped horizontally, oriented somewhat dorsally] (MWM) 27 R. occidentalis Paratype, Ecuador, road Piñas to Saracay, 800 m, genitalia prep. 30.813 [phallus flipped horizontally] (MWM). Scale bar: 1 mm.](/wiki/File:Zookeys-677-097-g008.jpg)
Other References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Schaus W (1928) Familie Mimallonidae. In: Seitz A (Ed.) Die Gross Schmetterlinge der Erde. 6. Die amerikanischen Spinner und Schwärmer. A. Kernen, Stuttgart, 635–672.
