Pseudomyrmex spinicola (Ward, Philip S. 1993)
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BibTeX: @article{Ward1993JournalofHymenopteraResearch2, RIS/ Endnote: TY - JOUR Wikipedia/ Citizendium: <ref name="Ward1993Journal of Hymenoptera Research2">{{Citation |
Ordo: Hymenoptera
Familia: Formicidae
Genus: Pseudomyrmex
Name
Pseudomyrmex spinicola Ward, Philip S., 1993 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Pseudomyrmex spinicola Ward, Philip S., 1993, Journal of Hymenoptera Research 2: 149-151.
Description
(Figs. 11,21,60, 68)
Materials Examined
Costa Rica Alajuela Alfaro Panama Christophersen Panama Christophersen Panama Christophersen Colombia Columbien Gaige Colombia Fundacion F. M. Gaige Colombia Fundacion F. M. Gaige Panama Venado W. M. Wheeler Panama Red Tank W. M. Wheeler Panama Las Sabanas W. M. Wheeler Panama Las Sabanas W. M. Wheeler Panama Red Tank W. M. Wheeler Nicaragua Granada C. F. Baker Nicaragua Granada C. F. Baker Nicaragua Granada C. F. Baker Panama Red Tank W. M. Wheeler Nicaragua Granada C. F. Baker
Description
Worker measurements (n = 41). - HL 0.99-1.28, HW 0.94-1.15, MFC 0.032-0.067, Cl 0.84-0.97, REL 0.42-0.47, REL2 0.45-0.54, OOI 1.22-2.11, VI 0.64-0.83, FCI 0.032-0.061, SI 0.45-0.50, SI2 0.88-1.05, NI 0.61-0.69, PLI 0.47-0.64, PWI 0.49- 0.71, PPWI 1.32-1.85.
Diagnosis
Worker diagnosis. - Median clypeal lobe emarginate, laterally angulate (Fig. 11), relatively broad (CLW / HW 0.21-0.25). Palp formula 5,3 (rarely 5p4,3). Frontal carinae relatively close, and median lobes of antennal sclerites rather exposed (FCI 2 0.24-0.42). Head longer than broad but variably so (see range of Cl values). Posterior margin of head ranging from broadly convex (Fig. 11) to straight or even weakly concave, usually rounding gently into the sides of head. Basal face of propodeum subequal to declivitous face, rounding into latter; in dorsal view propodeal spiracles salient,protruding laterally. Petiole generally slender (PLI <0.65) with a well developed anterior peduncle; in dorsal view posterolateral angles typically prominent. Head densely punctulate, sublucid, interspaces small (punctulae essentially contiguous on most of head) but shiny. Mesosoma finely punctulate dorsally becoming punctulate-coriarious laterally, sublucid; propodeum lacking overlying, coarser rugulo-punctate sculpture. Standing pilosity usually moderately common on body dorsum and including some hairs> 0.20 mm. Appressed pubescence common on most surfaces. Varying from light orange-brown to dark brown in color.
Discussion
Comments. - The short, broad, emarginate and laterally angulate median clypeal lobe (Fig. 11) distinguishes the worker of this species. The sublucid integument, elongate petiole, prominent propodeal spiracles, and somewhat angulate posterolateral comers of the petiole are also characteristic. In addition, queens and workers of P. spinicola have more elongate scapes and legs than those of all other species except P. satanicus {Figs. 30,31). For differences between P. spinicola and the closely related P. satanicus see under the latter species. P. spinicola is a variable taxon and has received several infraspecific names, here considered junior synonyms. Southeastern populations (from the Rio Grande de Tarcoles in Costa Rica east through Panama to northern Colombia) are somewhat differentiated from the others, with the workers and queens tending to have more elongate heads, darker color, and more slender petioles with less pronounced posterolateral angles (see Figs. 34,35). In Costa Rica the contrasts between the two sets of populations are rather striking, and are perhaps accentuated by habitat differences since some (but not all) the southeastern populations are associated with Acacia allenii growing in forested situations, while the northern populations are primarily from Acacia collinsii in open habitats. Samples from Panama (all associated with A. collinsii) are more variable and partly bridge the phenotypic gap. It is possible that more than one species is masquerading in this variation but the evidence remains ambiguous.
Distribution
Distribution and biology. - P. spinicola is a monogynous species, distributed from Honduras to northern Colombia (Fig. 68), which is associated with Acacia collinsii and, less frequently, Acacia allenii and A. cornigera. Janzen (1983) provides a good summary of its biology in Costa Rica, under the name " P. ferruginea ". Observations on " P. ferruginea " in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama and Isla Providencia (Janzen 1969, 1974, 1975, 1983) refer to P. spinicola; true P. ferrugineus does not occur south of Honduras and El Salvador.
Materials Examined
Colombia Cuatro Bocas J. F. G. Clarke Colombia Bolivar. Hda. Monterey G. Fagua Colombia Bolivar. Hda. Monterey F. Femandez Colombia Aracataca P. J. Darlington Colombia Fundacion F. M. Gaige Colombia Fundacion, Santa Marta Mts. F. M. Gaige Colombia Old Providence Isl. D. Fairchild Colombia Isla Providencia D. H. Janzen Colombia "Columbien" Gaige Costa Rica Alajuela A. Alfaro Costa Rica San Mateo P. Biolley Costa Rica Surubres, nr. San Mateo P. Biolley Costa Rica Turruecares A. Alfaro Costa Rica Turrialba c. u. Costa Rica 10.7 mi NW Liberia D. H. Janzen Costa Rica 2 mi S Canas D. H. Janzen Costa Rica 5 km S Liberia D. H. Janzen Costa Rica 6 mi W Liberia D. H. Janzen Costa Rica 7 km N Canas D. H. Janzen Costa Rica Cañas, "La Pacifica" R. L. Jeanne Costa Rica Finca La Pacifica D. W. Davidson Costa Rica Garita A. Alfaro Costa Rica Hda. Comelco, 24 km NW Cañas (InterAm Hwy) E. R. Heithaus Costa Rica Hda. La Pacifica, nr. Cañas P. S. Ward Costa Rica Palo Verde D. E. Gill Costa Rica Palo Verde E. Guerrant, P. Fiedler Costa Rica Palo Verde H. A. Hespenheide Costa Rica Palo Verde D. H. Janzen Costa Rica Palo Verde D. M. Olson Costa Rica Palo Verde J. Longino Costa Rica Rio Corobici, nr. Canas R. M. Bohart Costa Rica Santa Rosa Natl. Pk E. M. Barrows Costa Rica Santa Rosa Natl. Pk. J. Longino Costa Rica Santa Rosa Natl. Pk. P. S. Ward Costa Rica Santa Rosa Natl. Pk. P. S. Ward Costa Rica Santa Rosa Natl. Pk. P. S. Ward Costa Rica "15 mi SE Pto. Viejo" [15 km SW Pto. Viejo] D. H. Janzen Costa Rica 1.5 mi NW Rincon D. H. Janzen Costa Rica 14.1 mi N Golfito D. H. Janzen Costa Rica 14 km E Palmar Norte P. S. Ward Costa Rica 1 km NE Tarcoles P. S. Ward Costa Rica 21.6 rd. mi NE Palmar Norte D. H. Janzen Costa Rica 3.4 mi SE Golfito D. H. Janzen Costa Rica 4 mi SW Rincon D. H. Janzen Costa Rica Corcovado Natl. Pk. D. W. Davidson Costa Rica Corcovado Natl. Pk. J. T. Longino Costa Rica Corcovado Natl. Pk., Llorona J. T. Longino Costa Rica Corcovado Natl. Pk., Sirena P. S. Ward Costa Rica Corcovado Natl. Pk., Sirena P. S. Ward Costa Rica Entrada Boruca, 20 km NE Palmar Sur D. H. Janzen Costa Rica Osa Penin., nr. Rincon D. H. Janzen Costa Rica Reserva Biol. Carara P. S. Ward Costa Rica Rincon D. H. Janzen Costa Rica Rio Terraba, nr. Palmar Sur D. H. Janzen Costa Rica 16.4 mi SW San Isidro D. H. Janzen Costa Rica 3.5 km NE Santiago de Pur D. H. Janzen Costa Rica Santa Ana D. H. Janzen Costa Rica Tarrazu [Rio?] A. Alfaro Costa Rica Villa Colon A. Alfaro Costa Rica Villa Colon D. H. Janzen Costa Rica Villa Colon A. Alfaro Honduras 11.1 mi NE Choluteca D. H. Janzen Honduras 3.6 mi W Choluteca D. H. Janzen Honduras El Canal, Puerto Castilla W. M. Mann Honduras Roetan Isl. [Isla de Roatan] M. Bates Honduras Trujillo Echtemacht Nicaragua Empalme do Boaco [= El Empalme?] Echtemacht Nicaragua no specific locality Janson Nicaragua 7.5 mi NW San Isidro D. H. Janzen Nicaragua Granada C. F. Baker Nicaragua 19 mi SE Leon [= 3.5 mi N Pto. Somoza (Sandino)] D. H. Janzen Nicaragua 28.1 mi SE Leon D. H. Janzen Nicaragua Madriv 13.9 mi from Honduras, on Nic. border, Hwy. 1 D. H. Janzen Nicaragua 2.5 mi W Somoto D. H. Janzen Nicaragua 20 mi N Tipitapa [= 19.4 mi N Tipitapa] D. H. Janzen Nicaragua 8.1 mi E San Benito D. H. Janzen Nicaragua 9 mi N Tipitapa [= 8.8 mi N Tipitapa] D. H. Janzen Nicaragua 15.8 mi NW Sebaco D. H. Janzen Nicaragua 2.6 mi N Dario D. H. Janzen Nicaragua 4.1 mi S Matagalpa D. H. Janzen Nicaragua 4 mi S Dario [= 4.5 mi SE Dario] D. H. Janzen Nicaragua 4 mi S Dario D. H. Janzen Nicaragua C. R. border, 1 mi N Peñas Blancas [1 mi NW Peñas Blancas] D. H. Janzen Nicaragua Isla Ometepe F. Joyce Nicaragua San Juan del Sur [= 1 mi N San Juan del Sur] D. H. Janzen Panama 7.5 mi NW Balboa (between Summit Gdn. & Paraiso) D. H. Janzen Panama Ancon S. F. Blake Panama Barro Colorado Island Weber Panama Cerro Galera P. S. Ward Panama Chivachiva trail W. M. Wheeler Panama Chivachiva trail, nr. Red Tank W. M. Wheeler Panama Culebra [presumably Culebra Cut] D. D. Gaillard Panama E end of Madden Dam D. H. Janzen Panama Gamboa N. Banks Panama Howard AFB, W of Panama City W. L. Brown et al. Panama Madden Dam D. Quintero et al. Panama Paraiso A. Busck Panama Red Tank W. M. Wheeler Panama Ruta 1, 14 km W Panama City W. L. Brown et al. Panama Venado W. M. Wheeler Panama W end Madden Dam D. H. Janzen Panama 10.7 mi ESE Concepcion D. H. Janzen Panama 12.9 mi E Remedios D. H. Janzen Panama 19.6 mi E Sapotilla D. H. Janzen Panama 7.2 mi W Remedios D. H. Janzen Panama 9.5 mi S Boquete D. H. Janzen Panama 0.3 mi W Agua Dulce D. H. Janzen Panama 10.4 mi NE Santa Maria [= 1.9 mi W Agua Dulce, Hwy. 1] D. H. Janzen Panama 2.7 mi SW Penonome D. H. Janzen Panama Cerro Guacamaya, Albina al N. de Monagrillo D. Quintero et al. Panama 3.1 mi N Pedasi D. H. Janzen Panama Azuero Penin., 5.4 mi SE Los Santos D. H. Janzen Panama 18.6 mi SW Chepo D. H. Janzen Panama Bella Vista N. Banks Panama Las Sabanas G. C. Wheeler Panama Las Sabanas W. M. Wheeler Panama Las Sabanas, Panama City H. F. Dietz Panama Rio Corona, S of El Valle C. W. Rettenmeyer Panama Rio Tetita, San Carlos F. D. Rattinibane Panama savannah nr. Juan Diaz Weber Panama Las Palmas c. u. Panama 4 km NW Santiago D. Quintero Panama "Panama" Christophersen
Taxon Treatment
- Ward, Philip S.; 1993: Systematic studies on Pseudomyrmex acacia-ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Pseudomyrmecinae), Journal of Hymenoptera Research 2: 149-151. doi
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