Potamanthus huoshanensis

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Taxonavigation

Ordo: Ephemeroptera
Familia: Potamanthidae
Genus: Potamanthus

Name

Potamanthus huoshanensis Wu, 1987 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

• Potamanthus (Patamanthus) huoshanensis Wu, 1987b: 421. figs 1–5. Types: nymph, male and female, from Anhui, China.
• Potamanthus (Patamanthus) huoshanensis : Bae and McCafferty 1991: 49. figs 15, 95, 113, 126, 139 (nymph, male and female); Ishiwata 2001: 58; Zhou 2013: 202; Zhou et al. 2015: 252.
• Potamanthus huoshanensis : Wu et al. 1991: 111. fig. 2 (egg); You and Gui 1995: 116. fig. 123 (male and female).

Distribution

China (Anhui Province); Japan (Yokkaichi city, Lake Biwa).

Description

see Wu (1987b) and Bae and McCafferty (1991).

Diagnosis

This species resembles Potamanthus luteus in the main characters of both the adults and the nymphs, which can be differentiated only by very fine structures (Table 1). In the nymph, the labrum of P. huoshanensis is slightly narrower than that of P. luteus (Fig. 3A, B); the mandibular tusks are indistinctly shorter than in P. luteus, and this can be seen in nymphal dorsal views (Figs 2A, B, E, F, 3E–H); the maxillary palpi of both species are similar but different in their length ratio: the ratio in the former species is 1.0: 0.6: 1.0, whereas that of the latter species is 1.0: 0.7: 1.3 (Fig. 3I–L). The two species have a very similar hypopharynx and labia (Fig. 3C, D, M, N). Although the color pattern of examined P. huoshanensis has fainted and is pale, the leg lengths are different in the two species: ratio of forefemora: tibiae: tarsi = 1.0: 0.7: 0.6 in P. huoshanensis and 1.0: 0.8: 0.6 in P. luteus, the former having slightly shorter forelegs and tibiae (Fig. 2I, L). But the midlegs, hindlegs and their claws are very similar (Fig. 2D, H, J, K, M, N).

Table 1. Comparison of characteristics of the two Potamanthus species.

Characters Species		P. huoshanensis	P. luteus
Nymph	mandibular tusks	not protruding the labrum	protruding the labrum
	ratio of maxillary palpi from base to apex	1.0: 0.6: 1.0	1.0: 0.7: 1.3
	ratio of forefemora: tibiae: tarsi	1.0: 0.7: 0.6	1.0: 0.8: 0.6
	Pairs of lateral dots on abdominal terga	without	with
Male imago	pigments of crossveins in forewings	vague	clear
	MA: MA1	1.0: 0.7	1.0: 0.9
	costal projection of hindwings	blunt	sharp
	distance between two compound eyes	no or very short	half of median ocellus
	Pairs of lateral dots on abdominal terga	without	with
	Penial lobes covered by subgenital plate	partially	no
	Posterior emargination of subgenital plate	shallow	V-shaped cleft
	ratio of forefemora: tibiae: tarsi	1.0: 1.3: 1.6	1.0: 1.6: 1.5
Female imago	pigments of crossveins in forewings	vague	clear
	MA: MA1	1.0: 1.0	1.0: 0.9
	Pairs of lateral dots on abdominal terga	without	with

Males of the two species can be easily separated: (1) the pigments of the crossveins of the forewings of P. huoshanensis are almost invisible, but they are clear on the forewings of P. luteus (Figs 4A, C, 5E, G); (2) the costal projection of the hindwings are slightly blunter in P. huoshanensis than in P. luteus (Fig. 5F, H); (3) the compound eyes of P. huoshanensis are almost contiguous but they are clearly separated in P. luteus (Fig. 5A, C); (4) both the lateral and inner extended lobes of the penis of P. huoshanensis are slightly smaller than those of P. luteus (Fig. 6C–E, H–J); (5) the penes of P. huoshanensis are slightly shorter than those of P. luteus: the subgenital plate of P. huoshanensis almost covers the base of the penial lobes but the penes of P. luteus are longer, with the whole penes completely visible in ventral view (Fig. 6A, B, F, G); (6) the subgenital plate of P. huoshanensis has a shallow median emargination, whereas that of P. luteus has a clear V-shaped cleft (Fig. 6A–D, F–I); (7) the forking point of the MA in the P. huoshanensis forewings is more distal than that of P. luteus, with the ratio of MA: MA1 = 1.0: 0.7 in the former species and 1.0: 0.9 in the latter (Fig. 5E, G); (8) the foretibiae of P. huoshanensis are shorter than in P. luteus, with the ratio forefemora: tibiae: tarsi = 1.0: 1.3: 1.6 in P. huoshanensis and 1.0: 1.6: 1.5 in P. luteus (Fig. 4A, C). The females of the two species can differentiated by their wing color and the shape of the hindwings, like in the males (Fig. 4B, D). The compound eyes of female P. luteus are slightly smaller than those of P. huoshanensis (Fig. 5B, D), but the subgenital plates are very similar (Fig. 7). Although the color of the P. huoshanensis material is not clear, the original description of Wu (1987b) and our specimens clearly show that the males, females and nymphs of this species do not have dots on their abdominal terga. In contrast, all stages of P. luteus have a pair of dark dots on the abdominal terga (Fig. 4C–D). In addition, P. luteus has a longitudinal median reddish band on the abdomen (Fig. 4C–D).

The differences between the two species are listed in Table 1.

Taxon Treatment

• Li, W; Zhou, C; 2022: A detailed comparison of two species in the genus Potamanthus Pictet, 1843 from China (Ephemeroptera, Potamanthidae) ZooKeys, 1125: 193-205. doi

Images

Figure 2. Male and female head, thorax, foreleg claw, foreleg, midleg and hindleg of nymph of two Potamanthus species: A–D, I–KP. huoshanensis and E–H, L–NP. luteus.  Figure 3. Labrum, hypopharynx, left mandible, right mandible, maxilla and labium of nymph mouthparts of two Potamanthus species: A, C, E, G, I, K, MP. huoshanensis and B, D, F, H, J, L, NP. luteus. dd: distal dentisetae; dp: proximal dentisetae.  Figure 4. Male and female adult morphology of two Potamanthus species: A, BP. huoshanensis and C, DP. luteus.  Figure 5. Male head, female head, forewing and hindwing of two Potamanthus species: A, B, E, FP. huoshanensis and C, D, G, HP. luteus.  Figure 6. Genitalia (ventral and dorsal view) and penis (ventral, dorsal and lateral view) of two Potamanthus species: A–EP. huoshanensis and F–JP. luteus.  Figure 7. Abdominal segments VII–X (lateral and ventral view) of two Potamanthus species: A, BP. huoshanensis and C, DP. luteus.