Penestomus montanus
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Ordo: Araneae
Familia: Eresidae
Genus: Penestomus
Name
Penestomus montanus Jeremy A. Miller, 2010 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Penestomus montanus Jeremy A. Miller, 2010, Zootaxa 2534: 19-23.
Description
Figs 3A, 3C, 12C, 12D, 13, 14, 21
Materials Examined
Lesotho near Ha Mphahama C. Haddad Lesotho near Ha Mphahama C. Haddad South Africa Qacha's Nek (Site No. 30) UKZN [University of KwaZulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg] staff South Africa Qacha's Nek (Site No. 30) UKZN [University of KwaZulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg] staff South Africa Qacha's Nek (Site No. 30) UKZN [University of KwaZulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg] staff South Africa Qacha's Nek (Site No. 33) UKZN staff South Africa Qacha's Nek (Site No. 33) UKZN staff South Africa Qacha's Nek (Site No. 36) UKZN staff South Africa Prentjiesberg (Site No. 45) UKZN staff South Africa Prentjiesberg (Site No. 46) UKZN staff
Etymology
Etymology. The specific epithet is Latin for from the mountains, named for the montane habitats in the uKhahlamba-Drakensberg and Maluti mountains in South Africa and Lesotho, respectively, to which the species is apparently endemic.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis. Male distinguished by the distal part of RTA1, which has the bifid tips relatively short (Fig. 14 A), longer in P. egazini and P armatus (Fig. 10 A). Further distinguished by the shape of the MA, which has a lobe on the anterior margin of the tail piece (Fig. 14 A), absent from other species, and by the embolic tip, which is subrectangular and entire in P montanus (Fig. 14 A), bifid in other species (Fig. 10 A). Female distinguished from other planus group species except P. prendinii sp. nov. by the grooves on the PL, which diverge posteriorly (Fig. 12 C); other species except P. prendinii sp. nov. have the grooves nearly parallel (Fig. 8 A). Distinguished from P. prendinii sp. nov. by the posterior margin of the AL, which is straight medially, then turns sharply to form lateral corners that project somewhat more posteriorly (Fig. 12 E). The AL in P. montanus is unique among planus group species in being nearly oval in shape and weakly differentiated from the rest of the epigynum (Fig. 12 C).
Description
Description. Carapace brown, rugose, covered by fine black setae, with broad white setae concentrated in thoracic region, fovea round, shallow (Figs 13 A, C). Sternum dusky pale yellow (Figs 13 B, D). Chelicerae dark red-brown, with four promarginal teeth, two retromarginal teeth. Chelicerae with fine black setae, those of male with broad white setae in addition. Legs with broad white setae (more in male than female) and fine black setae. Tibiae with two rows of dorsal trichobothria, metatarsi with one distal trichobothrium. Legs brown basally, pale yellow distally. Abdomen dark gray dorsally with pair of light dorsolateral patches, covered with mixture of fine black and broad white setae (Figs 13 A, C). Male pedipalp: RTA1 with inside tip short and blunt, outside tip curved and pointed (Fig. 14 A). Dorsal ridge short, restricted to base of RTA1. RTA2 with apex short, projecting distally (Fig. 14 C). MA with anterior lobe arising from near distal part of tail (Fig. 14 A). Embolus without keel on outer margin, distal region flat, subrectangular, not bifid (Figs 14 A, B). Epigynum. AL suboval, weakly differentiated from surrounding cuticle; PL approximately 1/4 length of epigynum, with grooves diverging posteriorly (Fig. 12 C). Male macrosetae: Leg I: femur d1, tibia r2-2-2, v1-2 -2, metatarsus r1-1, v2-2 -2; leg II: femur d1, tibia p 1-1-2, r1, v2-2 -2, metatarsus r1, v2-2; leg III: femur d1, tibia r1, v2-2 -2, metatarsus r1, v1-2; leg IV: femur d1, tibia v2-2 -3-2, metatarsus v2-1 -1-2, tarsus r1. Female macrosetae. Leg I: femur d1, tibia v1-2 -2, metatarsus v2-2 -2; leg II: femur d1, tibia v1-2, metatarsus v2-2; leg III: femur d1, tibia v2, metatarsus v2; leg IV: femur d1, tibia v2, metatarsus v1-1 -1-1-2, tarsus r1. Paratype male (AcAT 2006/1535): Total length 4.0, carapace 1.84 long, 1.34 wide, 0.45 high, sternum 1.03 long, 0.63 wide. Leg measurements: - I II III IV Femur 1.03 0.64 0.84 1.16 Patella 0.54 0.30 0.41 0.59 Tibia 0.79 0.70 0.56 0.94 Metatarsus 0.85 0.78 0.60 0.77 Tarsus 0.43 0.37 0.27 0.30 Total 3.64 2.79 2.68 3.76 Paratype female (AcAT 2006/1535): Total length 4.1, carapace 1.8 long, 1.5 wide, 0.3 high, sternum 1.1 long, 0.6 wide. Leg measurements: - I II III IV Pedipalp Femur 1.03 0.96 0.78 1.17 0.59 Patella 0.59 0.56 0.44 0.63 0.25 Tibia 0.70 0.63 0.48 0.98 0.24 Metatarsus 0.75 0.67 0.46 0.73 - Tarsus 0.34 0.30 0.22 0.27 0.48 Total 3.40 3.13 2.39 3.79 1.55
Biology and Ecology
Natural history. This species occupies a relatively narrow altitudinal range (collected between 1480- 1830 m), which coincides with sandstone rock formations. Above 2000m sandstone is virtually absent, and granite and basalt formations dominate. The specimens from Ha Mphahama were collected on a sandstone ridge and constructed their webs underneath rocks lying on the soil surface. The webs followed a winding path that varied from ca. 6 cm in early instar immatures to ca. 18 cm in one adult female. Prey remains included Formicidae, Curculionidae and small Gryllidae.
Distribution
Distribution. Known from Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, and Lesotho (Fig. 21).
Taxon Treatment
- Jeremy A. Miller; Charles E. Griswold; Charles R. Haddad; 2010: Taxonomic revision of the spider family Penestomidae (Araneae, Entelegynae), Zootaxa 2534: 19-23. doi
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