Paratettigarcta zealandica
| Notice: | This page is derived from the original publication listed below, whose author(s) should always be credited. Further contributors may edit and improve the content of this page and, consequently, need to be credited as well (see page history). Any assessment of factual correctness requires a careful review of the original article as well as of subsequent contributions.
If you are uncertain whether your planned contribution is correct or not, we suggest that you use the associated discussion page instead of editing the page directly. This page should be cited as follows (rationale):
Citation formats to copy and paste
BibTeX: @article{Kaulfuss2015ZooKeys, RIS/ Endnote: TY - JOUR Wikipedia/ Citizendium: <ref name="Kaulfuss2015ZooKeys">{{Citation See also the citation download page at the journal. |
Ordo: Hemiptera
Familia: Tettigarctidae
Genus: Paratettigarcta
Name
Paratettigarcta zealandica Kaulfuss & Moulds, 2015 sp. n. – Wikispecies link – ZooBank link – Pensoft Profile
Diagnosis
Paratettigarcta zealandica sp. n. differs from other Tettigarctidae by the attributes discussed in the generic diagnosis above. In particular the forewing of Paratettigarcta zealandica, that is remarkably similar to extant Tettigarcta crinita Distant, 1883 (Fig. 2) and Tettigarcta tomentosa White, 1845 (the only described species of Tettigarcta), differs as follows: (a) forewing crossvein m gently bowed and almost perpendicular to M2 and M3 rather than steeply angled and broadly ‘S’-shaped; (b) forewing crossvein m-cu strongly bowed rather than nearly straight; (c) hindwing apical cells long and narrow, much longer than those of extant Tettigarcta (compare Figs 2 and 4).
Description
Holotype. Forewing similar to extant Tettigarcta in size, shape and venation (compare Figs 2, 4). Impression 24.3 mm maximum length by 10.2 mm maximum width. Bearing dark pigmented transverse bands, one near the wing base, one following the nodal line between costa and M3+4, one following the bases of apical cells, and one along apical margin. Nodal line strongly defined; CuA strongly bowed before forking at nodal line; crossvein r-m nearly straight and angled to both RP and M1; crossvein m gently bowed, nearly perpendicular to M2 and M3; crossvein m-cu strongly bowed, meeting M4 nearly perpendicularly, meeting CuA1 at a steep angle. Hindwing impression 19.5 mm maximum length by 7.3 mm maximum width. Bearing dark bands, one from near coupling lobe to at least crossvein m-cu, and a dark streak behind M stem. Marginal membrane well developed but not exceedingly broad. Crossvein r nearly straight and angled to both RA and RP; crossvein r-m nearly straight and steeply angled to both RP and M; crossvein m-cu straight and angled to both M3 and CuA1.
Type-specimen
Holotype OU45476, hind and forewing from lacustrine mudstones at Hindon Maar (early Miocene; I44/f0392 in the New Zealand Fossil Record File), Waipiata Volcanic Field, 10 km N of Outram, Otago, southern New Zealand; deposited in the Department of Geology, University of Otago.
Etymology
The species name refers to New Zealand, where this species was distributed in the Miocene.
Comments
Paratettigarcta zealandica gen. et sp. n. appears closest to Eotettigarcta scotica based on the hindwing venation (the latter known only from a partial hindwing). In particular Sc and RA are widely separated, and it is likely that the apical cells are of similar length with a1 being almost as long as a2. If that is so then Paratettigarcta is best placed in the tribe Protabanini of the subfamily Tettigarctinae, family Tettigarctidae, following the classification of Shcherbakov (2009)[1]. At around 23–16 Ma this would make Paratettigarcta zealandica the youngest known Tettigarctidae fossil, the next youngest at 44 Ma being an undescribed Tettigarctinae tentatively placed in the tribe Tettigarctini (Wappler 2003[2], Shcherbakov 2009[1]).
The forewing venation of Paratettigarcta zealandica shows a clear affinity with that of extant species of Tettigarcta of which there are only two closely related species, Tettigarcta crinita and Tettigarcta tomentosa (Moulds 1990[3]). The overall branching of veins and therefore cell proportions are remarkably similar (compare Figs 2, 4). This confirms the placement of Paratettigarcta zealandica in the subfamily Tettigarctinae and similar dark wing patterns are found in some extinct genera of this subfamily (e.g. Liassocicada Bode, 1953).
Original Description
- Kaulfuss, U; Moulds, M; 2015: A new genus and species of tettigarctid cicada from the early Miocene of New Zealand: Paratettigarcta zealandica (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Tettigarctidae) ZooKeys, (484): 83-94. doi
Images
|
![Figure 2. Tettigarcta crinita Distant, fore and hindwings; areas of the wings preserved in the new fossil species are indicated (modified from Moulds 2005[4]). A anal vein a apical cell C costal vein CuA cubitus anterior vein CuP cubitus posterior vein M median vein m medial crossvein mc medial cell m-cu mediocubital crossvein nl nodal line R radius r radial crossvein RA radius anterior r-m radiomedial crossvein RP radius posterior Sc subcostal vein u ulnar cell.](/wiki/File:Zookeys-484-e4826-g002.jpg)
Other References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shcherbakov D (2009) Review of the fossil and extant genera of the cicada family Tettigarctidae (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea). Russian Entomological Journal 17: 343–348.
- ↑ Wappler T (2003) Die Insekten aus dem Mittel–Eozän des Eckfelder Maares, Vulkaneifel. Mainzer Naturwissenschaftliches Archiv, Beiheft 27: 1–234.
- ↑ Moulds M (1990) Australian cicadas. New South Wales University Press, Kensington, 217 pp.
- ↑ Moulds M (2005) An appraisal of the higher classification of cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) with special reference to the Australian fauna. Records of the Australian Museum 57: 375–446. doi: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.57.2005.1447
