Orthogonalys
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Ordo: Hymenoptera
Familia: Trigonalyidae
Name
Orthogonalys Schulz, 1905 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Orthogonalys Schulz, 1905: 76; Weinstein and Austin 1991[1]: 421; Carmean and Kimsey 1998[2]: 52; Smith and Tripotin 2012[3]: 3; Chen et al. 2014[4]: 60–87 (synonymy, diagnosis, key to Chinese species). Type species: Orthogonalys boliviana Schulz, 1905, by monotypy.
Diagnosis
Antenna with 21–32 segments, often with a pale band in apical third of antenna and slender medially; male antenna without tyloids; supra-antennal elevations smooth and shiny, usually comparatively large, without depression dorsally and moderately to widely separated; vertex normal, at most with slight median depression dorsally; apical segment of labial palp widened and obtuse, more or less triangular; mandibles wide in anterior view and sublaterally attached to head; occipital carina usually narrow and smooth; mesoscutum and scutellum often smooth or sparsely punctulate, at most moderately punctate with wide smooth interspaces; metanotum concave latero-dorsally and often sculptured, matt and distinctly convex medially; anterior propodeal sulcus distinctly crenulate, rarely partly reduced; posterior propodeal carina curved and lamelliform; vein 1-SR of fore wing medium-sized to long; fore wing subhyaline, at most slightly infuscate below pterostigma in female; triangular dorso-apical part of hind trochanter separated by an oblique groove; fore trochanter subparallel-sided and distinctly longer than hind trochanter; hind tarsus slightly or not modified; second metasomal sternite and tergite flat in lateral view, weakly sclerotized and smooth; second sternite in ventral view flat medially or weakly convex and no medial elevation or teeth posteriorly; basal half of third sternite flat, without a distinct ledge anteriorly; fifth sternite of female straight or slightly emarginate medio-posteriorly; body often slender (including metasoma) and sometimes ichneumonid-like (Chen et al. 2014[4]).
Biology
Reared as hyperparasitoid of Tachinidae in caterpillars of the family Limacodidae (Carmean and Kimsey 1998[2]; Murphy et al. 2009[5]). Collected in May–August.
Distribution
Mainly East Palaearctic and Northeast Oriental regions, with a few species in East Afrotropical (including Madagascar), Neotropical and Nearctic regions. Chen et al. (2014)[4] and Tan et al. (2017)[6] reported eight species of Orthogonalys from China, with only one species from Tibet.
Taxon Treatment
- Chen, H; Hong, C; van Achterberg, C; Pang, H; 2020: New species and new records of Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera) from Tibet, China ZooKeys, 918: 83-98. doi
Other References
- ↑ Weinstein P, Austin A (1991) The host relationships of trigonalyid wasps (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae), with a review of their biology and catalogue to world species.Journal of Natural History25(2): 399–433. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939100770281
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Carmean D, Kimsey L (1998) Phylogenetic revision of the parasitoid wasp family Trigonalidae (Hymenoptera).Systematic Entomology23: 35–76. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x
- ↑ Smith D, Tripotin P (2012) Trigonalidae (Hymenoptera) of Madagascar.Journal of Hymenoptera Research24: 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.24.1811
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Chen H, van Achterberg C, He J, Xu Z (2014) A revision of the Chinese Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera, Trigonalyoidea).ZooKeys385: 1–207. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.385.6560
- ↑ Murphy S, Lill J, Smith D (2009) A scattershot approach to host location: Uncovering the unique life history of the Trigonalid hyperparasitoid Orthogonalys pulchella (Cresson).American Entomologist55(2): 82–87. https://doi.org/10.1093/ae/55.2.82
- ↑ Tan J, van Achterberg C, Tan Q, Zhao L (2017) New species of Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera) from NW China.ZooKeys698: 17–58. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.698.13366
