Orchestia

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Wildish D (2014) New genus and two new species of driftwood hoppers (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae) from northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean coastal regions. Zoosystematics and Evolution 90(2) : 133–146, doi. Versioned wiki page: 2014-10-10, version 64764, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Orchestia&oldid=64764 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

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BibTeX:

@article{Wildish2014ZoosystematicsandEvolution90,
author = {Wildish, David J.},
journal = {Zoosystematics and Evolution},
publisher = {Pensoft Publishers},
title = {New genus and two new species of driftwood hoppers (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae) from northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean coastal regions},
year = {2014},
volume = {90},
issue = {2},
pages = {133--146},
doi = {10.3897/zse.90.8410},
url = {http://zse.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4132},
note = {Versioned wiki page: 2014-10-10, version 64764, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Orchestia&oldid=64764 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.}

}

RIS/ Endnote:

TY - JOUR
T1 - New genus and two new species of driftwood hoppers (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae) from northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean coastal regions
A1 - Wildish D
Y1 - 2014
JF - Zoosystematics and Evolution
JA -
VL - 90
IS - 2
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.90.8410
SP - 133
EP - 146
PB - Pensoft Publishers
M1 - Versioned wiki page: 2014-10-10, version 64764, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Orchestia&oldid=64764 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

M3 - doi:10.3897/zse.90.8410

Wikipedia/ Citizendium:

<ref name="Wildish2014Zoosystematics and Evolution90">{{Citation
| author = Wildish D
| title = New genus and two new species of driftwood hoppers (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae) from northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean coastal regions
| journal = Zoosystematics and Evolution
| year = 2014
| volume = 90
| issue = 2
| pages = 133--146
| pmid =
| publisher = Pensoft Publishers
| doi = 10.3897/zse.90.8410
| url = http://zse.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4132
| pmc =
| accessdate = 2024-12-22

}} Versioned wiki page: 2014-10-10, version 64764, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Orchestia&oldid=64764 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.</ref>

See also the citation download page at the journal.


Taxonavigation

Ordo: Amphipoda
Familia: Talitridae

Name

Orchestia Leach, 1814Wikispecies linkPensoft Profile

  • Orchestia: Leach 1814[1]: 402; Bousfield 1982[2]: 22; Lowry and Fanini 2013[3]: 205.

Type species

Orchestia gammarellus (Pallas, 1766).

Component species

Since the erection of Orchestia Leach, 1814 the genus has been uncritically used to include many new species from around the World. In more recent times genera have been split off from Orchestia including: Platorchestia by Bousfield (1982)[2], Palmorchestia by Stock and Martin (1988)[4] and Macarorchestia by Stock (1989)[5]. Bousfield (1982)[2] re-defined the range of Orchestia, limiting species to those found in the Atlantic/ Mediterranean region. I have further limited the geographic range of this taxon to the northeast Atlantic, the Mediterranean and Black Seas, but excluding the western Atlantic coastline of North America. The northeast Atlantic islands including: Canary, Madeira and Azore archipelagos are also included in the region. The northerly limit is arbitrarily set at the Arctic Circle (thus including Iceland) and the southern one at the Tropic of Cancer. Circumstantial evidence (Henzler and Ingolffson 2008[6]) supports the presence of Orchestia gammarellus on northwest Atlantic coastlines (as far south as Maine), as a result of recent, post glacial, synanthropic, dispersal from the northeastern shores of the Atlantic.
Taking only Orchestia species which occur within this newly defined geographic range and excluding those outside it, synonyms, and where the taxonomic or ecological status is unclear (inclusive of Orchestia kosswigi Ruffo, 1949–which is figured and described in Ruffo (1993)[7] but its ecological status remains unclear); Orchestia guerni Chevreux, 1889 and Orchestia gambierensis Chevreux, 1908), leaving a total of 13 species (Table 1). The placement of these 13 species in five clearly separate habitats is consistent with a polyphyletic origin for them and that we can expect further generic splitting of Orchestia. In fact Lowry and Fanini (2013)[3] have recently proposed a revision of the genus Orchestia in which all the species belonging to freshwater and terrestrial rain forest leaf litter of the northeast Atlantic islands (columns 3 and 4 in Table 1) were removed to a newly created genus Cryptorchestia. O. kosswigi is also transferred to the new genus and these authors describe a new species referable to Orchestia: Orchestia xylino Lowry & Fanini from the Mediterranean Sea. Recent molecular evidence (Pavesi et al. 2014[8]) does not support the close genetic relationship required by Lowry and Fanini’s proposal between cavimana and the Atlantic islands endemic “Orchestia” listed in column 4 of Table 1. One of these taxa, Orchestia guancha, was shown to be close genetically to Orchestia gammarellus, confirming earlier work by Villacorta et al. (2008)[9]. Pavesi et al. (2014[8] )also show that Orchestia montagui and Orchestia stephenseni are not closely linked genetically to the other species of Orchestia inclusive of the type species Orchestia gammarellus, plus Orchestia mediterranea, Orchestia aestuarensis and Orchestia guancha. With the transfer of Orchestia microphtalma to Macarorchestia herein, this reduces the habitats occupied by “Orchestia” to 4. The genetic findings of Pavesi et al. (2014)[8] suggest the polyphyletic status of Orchestia and a generic level re-alignment like that shown in Table 2. Further genetic and taxonomic work is needed to include all the species listed in Tables 1 and 2.

Diagnosis

An interim diagnosis is provided based on the type species, Orchestia gammarellus from the Medway estuary, U.K., as listed in Table 2. This is because of the demonstration of polyphyly (Pavesi et al. 2014[8]) within the older view of the genus Orchestia and because of the resultant taxonomic uncertainty regarding which of the taxa in Table 1 should be included within Orchestia. A diagnosis of the 5 genera listed by letter in Table 2 is delayed because the current COI phylogeny (Pavesi et al. 2014[8]) does not include 6 species of “Orchestia” (indicated by brackets in Table 2). This omission might change the final phylogentic tree obtained with all species listed in Table 2 included.
Adult total body length up to 22 mm; dorsal pigment patterns present; eyes medium in size, approximately one quarter of head length; antenna 1 flagellum just reaching antenna 2 peduncle of article 4; antenna 2 sexually dimorphic, peduncle slightly incrassate in adult males and without ventral fig on peduncle article 3; upper lip without robust setae; mandible left lacinia mobilis 4 dentate; maxilliped palp 3 articulate, article 2 with well developed medial lobe; gnathopod 1 of male subchelate with palm equal to dactyl, carpus and propodus free and with rounded lobes covered with palmate setae; gnathopod 1 of female parachelate, without lobes on carpus and propodus; gnathopod 2 of male strongly subchelate, merus and carpus free, dactylus with blunted tip and is half the length of the enlarged propodus; gnathopod 2 of female, ovigerous oostegite long and wide with many, long, simple, marginal setae, basis expanded anteriorly; peraeopods 3–7 cuspidactylate; peraeopods 5–7 lack slender setae lining the anterior margin of the dactyl; peraeopod 7 sexually dimorphic, adult males with merus and carpus enlarged; distinctive tufts of long simple setae on propodus of peraeopod 7 absent in both sexes; pleon segments 1–3 lacking vertical slits; pleopod rami slightly, or not, reduced; uropods without apical, spade-like robust setae, uropod 1 not sexually dimorphic, peduncle lacking well developed dorsolateral robust setae distally, outer ramus with marginal robust setae, uropod 2 rami equal in length, uropod 3 ramus shorter than peduncle; telson apically notched with 6–8 robust setae per lobe and shorter than uropod 3.

Table 1. Ecological habitats occupied by species of Orchestia which are listed in WoRMS Editoral Board (2013) available from: World Register of Marine Species, http://www.marinespecies.org, accessed in 2013-06-26, and occurring in the northeast Atlantic (including offshore islands), Mediterranean and Black Sea region.
Marine/estuarine supralittoral wrack Marine/estuarine eulittoral wrack Freshwater supralittoral wrack Terrestrial rain forest leaf litter Marine driftwood
gammarellus mediterranea cavimana chevreuxi microphtalma
stephenseni aestuarensis monticola guancha
montagui stocki
canariensis
gomeri
Table 2. Ecological habitats and proposed generic groupings of species listed in Table 1, based on the molecular phylogeny (COI) of Pavesi et al. (2014)[8]. ? before a species name indicates that the ecological habitat given has not been confirmed. Brackets indicates absence of COI data for that species.
Genus Marine/estuarine supralittoral wrack Marine/estuarine eulittoral wrack Freshwater supralittoral wrack Terrestrial rain forest leaf litter
Orchestia gammarellus
Genus A mediterranea ?aestuarensis
Genus B stephenseni montagui ?(xylino)
Cryptorchestia cavimana
Genus C  ?(monticola)
Genus D  ?guancha ?(gomeri) ?(canariensis) ?(stocki)
Genus E  ?(chevreuxi)

Taxon Treatment

  • Wildish, D; 2014: New genus and two new species of driftwood hoppers (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae) from northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean coastal regions Zoosystematics and Evolution, 90(2): 133-146. doi


Other References

  1. Leach W (1814) Article: Crustaceology. Edinburgh Encyclopedia 7: 429–437.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Bousfield E (1982) The Amphipod superfamily Talitroidea in the Northeastern Pacific region. I. Family Talitridae: Systematics and distributional ecology. National Museum of Canada, Publications in Biological Oceanography No.11, 73 pp.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Lowry J, Fanini L (2013) Substrate dependent talitrid amphipods from the fragmented beaches on the north coast of Crete (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae), including a redefinition of the genus Orchestia and descriptions of Orchestia xylino sp. nov., and Cryptorchestia gen. nov. Zootaxa 3709: 201–229. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.3.1
  4. Stock J, Martin J (1988) A new cavehopper (Amphipoda: Talitridae) from lava tubes in La Palma, Canary Islands. Journal of Natural History 22: 1121–1133. doi: 10.1080/00222938800770701
  5. Stock J (1989) A new genus and species of Talitridae (Amphipoda) from a cave in Terceira, Azores. Journal of Natural History 23: 1109–1118. doi: 10.1080/00222938900771001
  6. Henzler C, Ingolffson A (2008) The biogeography of the beachflea, Orchestia gammarellus (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae), in the North Atlantic with special reference to Iceland: a morphometric and genetic study. Zoologica Scripta 37: 57–70.
  7. Ruffo S (1993) The Amphipoda of the Mediterranean. Part 3. Gammaridea (Melphidippidae to Talitridae), Ingolfiellidea, Caprellidae. In: Bellan-Santini D Karaman G Krapp-Schickel G Ledoyer M Ruffo S (Eds) Memoires de l’Institut océanographique. Monaco, 13, 365–814.
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 Pavesi L, Wildish D, Ketmaier V, Gasson P, Lowe M (2014) Further morphological and molecular studies of driftwood hoppers (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) from Mediterranean/Northeast Atlantic coastlines. Journal of Natural History. [In Press]
  9. Villacorta C, Jaume D, Oromi P, Juan C (2008) Under the volcano: phylogeography and evolution of the cave-dwelling Palmorchestia hypogaea (Amphipoda, Crustacea) at La Palma (Canary Islands). BMC Biology 6: 7. doi: 10.1186/1741-7007-6-7