Ophiocordyceps tortuosa
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Ordo: Hypocreales
Familia: Ophiocordycipitaceae
Genus: Ophiocordyceps
Name
Ophiocordyceps tortuosa Hong Yu bis, D.X. Tang & J. Zhao sp. nov. – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
Etymology
Tortuosa = tortuous, the epithet referred to the “tortuous” arrangement of ascospores in the asci.
Diagnosis
The difference between Ophiocordyceps tortuosa and related species is that Ophiocordyceps tortuosa produces lanceolate and obvious separate ascospores, while O. contiispora produces fusiform and no obvious separate ascospores.
Holotype
China, Yunnan Province, Puer City, Simao District. Infected Colobopsis sp. (Formicinae) biting into a leaf of Lauraceae Juss., 22°42'40"N, 100°57'28"E, alt. 1345 m, 03 October 2022, Hong Yu bis (YHH 2210035 – preserved in the Yunnan Herbal Herbarium).
Description
Sexual morph: External mycelia produced from all orifices and sutures, often covering the host body, initially white turning brown. Stromata single to multiple, produced from dorsal pronotum, part branched, 16–24 mm in length, cylindrical, pale white to light brown, becoming pinkish at the apical part. Fertile region of lateral cushions, 1–3, commonly 2 per stroma, hemispherical, chocolate brown at maturity, 1–1.9 × 0.8–1.3 mm. Perithecia immersed to partially erumpent, flask-shaped, (211–) 218–298 (–305) × (94–) 99–142 (–158) μm, with short, exposed neck or ostiole. Asci 8-spored, hyaline, cylindrical, (92–) 96–132 (–134) × 7–11 (–13) μm. Ascus caps slightly prominent, hemispherical, 4–5 × (2–) 3–4 μm. Ascospores hyaline, thin-walled, lanceolate, tortuous arrangement in the ascus, 47–64 × 5–7 μm, 6–7-septate, gently curved at round apex, tapered end shorter than round apex.
Asexual morph: Hirsutella-A type associated with the apical part of stromata. Hirsutella-C type produced from the leg and antennal joints. Phialides lageniform, 54–99 μm long, 4–6 μm width at base, tapering to a long neck, 1–2 μm in width. Conidia fusiform to limoniform, 6–8 × 3–5 μm, slightly narrowing at the top.
Germination process: The released ascospores germinated within 48 h to produce 1–2 long and extremely narrow hair-like capilliconidiophores, (27–) 44–65 (–69) × 1–2 μm, bearing a single terminal capilliconidium, (5–) 6–9 × 3–4 (–5) μm, hyaline, smooth-walled, limoniform to fusiform, slightly narrowing and curved at the top.
Host: Colobopsis sp. (Formicinae).
Habitat
Subtropical monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest. Infected Colobopsis sp. biting into a leaf of Lauraceae Juss., from 1.2 to 2.4 m above the ground.
Distribution
China, Yunnan Province, Puer City.
Material examined
China, Yunnan, Puer City, Simao District. Infected Colobopsis sp. biting into a leaf of Lauraceae Juss., 22°42'40"N, 100°57'28"E, alt. 1,345 m, 03 October 2022, D.X. Tang (YHH 2210003, YHH 2210004, YHH 2210005, YHH 2210006).
Notes
In the phylogenetic tree, the new species O. tortuosa was sister to O. contiispora (Fig. 1: BS = 100%, BPP = 100%) within O. unilateralis core clade (Fig. 1: BS = 100%, BPP = 100%). Ophiocordyceps tortuosa was distinct from other species of the O. unilateralis core clade in that it produced lanceolate, obvious separate and tortuous arrangement ascospores in the ascus and produced branched stromata, slightly narrowing conidia (Table 3).
| Species | Host | Death position | Stromata | Ascomata | Perithecia (μm) | Asci (μm) | Prominent cap | Ascospores (μm) | Septation | Hirsutella asexual morph (μm) | Conidia (μm) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ophiocordyceps acroasca | Camponotus sp. | biting leaf | single | hemispherical, 3 × 2–3 mm | ovoid, 247–296 × 176–225 | cylindrical, 8-spored, 131–172 × 5–8 | prominent, 3–5 × 4–6 | vermiform, 83–108 × 2–3 | 4–5 | Hirsutella-A type and Hirsutella-Ctype, 17–30 × 1–4 | limoniform, 2–3 × 1–2 | Tang et al. (2023b)[1] |
| Ophiocordyceps basiasca | Camponotus sp. | biting leaf | single | spherical, 3 × 2 mm | flask-shaped or ovoid, 202–242 × 102–149 | cylindrical, 8-spored, 96–188 × 4–9 | hemispherical, 3–5 × 4–5 | vermiform, 89–119 × 2–3 | 4–5 | Hirsutella-A type, 10–23 × 1–5 | oviform, 1–4 × 1–2 | Tang et al. (2023b)[1] |
| Ophiocordyceps contiispora | Camponotus sp. | biting leaf | single | disc-shaped, 0.7–1 mm | flask-shaped, 158–212 × 69–122 | cylindrical, 8-spored, 89–130 × 4–9 | hemispherical or square, 1–3 × 3–5 | fusiform, 38–48 × 2–4 | no obvious separation | Hirsutella-C type, 57–92 × 1–4 | olivary or flask-shaped, 4–6 × 1–2 | Tang et al. (2023b)[1] |
| Ophiocordyceps ansiformis | Colobopsis sp. | biting leaf | single | hemispherical, 1–1.3 × 0.7–1 mm | flask-shaped, 174–290 × 99–128 | cylindrical, 88–112 × 7–11 | hemispherical, 4–7 × 2–4 | lanceolate, 45–59 × 5–7 | 6–9 | Hirsutella-A type, 15–24 × 3–4 | This study | |
| Ophiocordyceps septa | Camponotus sp. | biting leaf | single | hemispherical, 2 mm | fusoid-ellipsoid, 280–300 × 100–150 | cylindrical, 8-spored, 125–165 × 12.5–15 | – | lanceolate, 45–50 × 6–8 | 7–8 | Hisutella-A type, 25 × 2–3; Hisutella-C type, 50 × 5.5 | fusiform, 5–6 × 1–2; fusiform to narrowly lemoniform, 9 × 5 | Kobmoo et al. (2015)[2] |
| Ophiocordyceps subtiliphialida | Camponotus sp. | biting leaf | single | disc-shaped, 2 × 1.2–1.9 mm | flask-shaped, 195–296 × 87–161 | cylindrical, 8-spored, 89–119 × 5–9 | hemispherical, 2–4 × 5–7 | lanceolate, 52–72 × 5–8 | 6–7 | Hirsutella-C type, 70–116 × 1–3 | olivary, 6–10 × 3–6 | Tang et al. (2023b)[1] |
| Ophiocordyceps tortuosa | Colobopsis sp. | biting leaf | single to multiple | hemispherical, 1–1.9 × 0.8–1.3 mm | flask-shaped, 211–305 × 94–158 | cylindrical, 92–134 × 7–13 | hemispherical, 4–5 × 2–4 | lanceolate, 47–64 × 5–7 | 6–7 | Hirsutella-A type, 54–99 × 1–6 | fusiform to limoniform, 6–8 × 3–5 | This study |
Original Description
- Tang, D; Zhao, J; Lu, Y; Wang, Z; Sun, T; Liu, Z; Yu, H; 2023: Morphology, phylogeny and host specificity of two new Ophiocordyceps species belonging to the “zombie-ant fungi” clade (Ophiocordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) MycoKeys, 99: 269-296. doi
Images
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Other References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Tang D, Huang O, Zou W, Wang Y, Wang Y, Dong Q, Sun T, Yang G, Yu H (2023b) Six new species of zombie-ant fungi from Yunnan in China.IMA Fungus14(1): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43008-023-00114-9
- ↑ Kobmoo N, Mongkolsamrit S, Wutikhun T, Tasanathai K, Khonsanit A, Thanakitpipattana D, Luangsa-ard J (2015) New species of Ophiocordyceps unilateralis, an ubiquitous pathogen of ants from Thailand.Fungal Biology119(1): 44–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2014.10.008
