Omalus aeneus\according to Paukkunen et al 2015
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Ordo: Hymenoptera
Familia: Chrysididae
Genus: Omalus
Name
Omalus aeneus (Fabricius, 1787) – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Chrysis aenea Fabricius, 1787: 284.
- Omalus aeneus: Panzer 1801[1]: 13.
Diagnosis
Length 3–6 mm. The species resembles closely Omalus puncticollis, but usually has only very small punctures and short pubescence on the mesoscutum (Figs 18, 22), sparser and finer punctation on the pronotum (Figs 18, 22), and a shallower apical notch on T3 (Fig. 23). Some specimens have relatively coarse punctation medially on the pronotum and mesoscutum, but compared to Omalus puncticollis their pubescence is shorter, flagellomeres are longer, and the apical notch of T3 is shallower. In the female, the body is completely deep blue, violet or green (Fig. 18), whereas in the male it is dorsally black and laterally with green or blue reflections.
Distribution
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Sweden. Common. – Trans-Palearctic/Holarctic: from western Europe and northern Africa to Japan, China and Taiwan. Possibly accidentally introduced to North America (Kimsey and Bohart 1991[2]) and Australia (Krombein 1979[3]).
Biology
Habitat: forest margins and clearings, semi-open sandy areas. Adults are often observed on sun-exposed leaves of trees and bushes, and they are attracted to honeydew of aphids. Occasionally they are also found on flowers of Apiaceae and Euphorbiaceae (Trautmann 1927[4], Hoop 1971[5], Linsenmaier 1997[6]). Flight period: June to August. Host: Passaloecus corniger Shuckard, Passaloecus eremita Kohl, Passaloecus gracilis (Curtis), Passaloecus singularis Dahlbom, Passaloecus turionum Dahlbom, Pemphredon lethifer (Shuckard), Pemphredon lugubris (Fabricius) and Psenulus pallipes (Panzer) (Crabronidae) (Barbey and Ferriere 1923[7], Strumia 1997[8], Gathmann and Tscharntke 1999[9], our own obs.). The species has been reared from old resin-galls of Retinea resinella (Tortricidae) containing host nests. Females oviposit in live aphids and do not enter the host nest (our own obs.). A similar behaviour has been observed in Omalus biaccinctus (Winterhagen 2015[10]).
Remarks
Mitochondrial DNA studies indicate that the Nordic and Baltic specimens of Omalus aeneus belong to at least five genetically distinct lineages (excl. Omalus puncticollis), and several other lineages have been found in other countries (Paukkunen et al. 2014[11]). It is very likely that more than one species is involved.
Taxon Treatment
- Paukkunen, J; Berg, A; Soon, V; Ødegaard, F; Rosa, P; 2015: An illustrated key to the cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) of the Nordic and Baltic countries, with description of a new species ZooKeys, (548): 1-116. doi
Images
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Other References
- ↑ Panzer G (1792–1844) Faunae Insectorum Germaniae initia, oder, Deutschlands Insecten. Felseckerschen Buchhandlung, Nürnberg. (1797) Heft 39–48; (1798) Heft 49–60; (1799) Heft 61–72; (1800) Heft 73–79; (1801) Heft 80–85 (1805) Heft 97–99; (1806–1809) Heft 101–107. [Dating after Sherborn, 1923.] doi: 10.5962/bhl.title.15007
- ↑ Kimsey L, Bohart R (1991) [1990] The Chrysidid Wasps of the World. Oxford Press, New York, 652 pp.
- ↑ Krombein K (1979) Superfamily Bethyloidea. In: Krombein K Hurd P Smith D Burks B (Eds) Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico, volume 2, Apocrita (Aculeata). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C., 1203–1251.
- ↑ Trautmann W (1927) Die Goldwespen Europas. Uschman, Weimar, 194 pp.
- ↑ Hoop M (1971) Zur Verbreitung der holsteinischen Goldwespen und Stechimmen (Dritte Ergänzung). Schriften des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Schleswig-Holstein 41: 81–87.
- ↑ Linsenmaier W (1997) Die Goldwespen der Schweiz. Veröffentlichungen aus dem Natur-Museum Luzern 9: 1–139.
- ↑ Barbey A, Ferriere C (1923) Un cas intéressant de parasitologie das l’écorce du pin sylvestre. Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles 55: 77–81.
- ↑ Strumia F (1997) Alcune osservazioni sugli ospiti di imenotteri crisididi (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae). Frustula Entomologica, N. ser. 20: 178–183.
- ↑ Gathmann A, Tscharntke T (1999) Landschafts-Bewertung mit Bienen und Wespen in Nisthilfen: Artenspectrum, Interactionen und Bestimmungschlüssel. Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege Baden-Württemberg 73: 277–305.
- ↑ Winterhagen P (2015) Strategy for sneaking into a host’s home: The cuckoo wasp Omalus biaccinctus (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) inserts its eggs into living aphids that are the prey of its host. European Journal of Entomology 112: 557–559. doi: 10.14411/eje.2015.064
- ↑ Paukkunen J, Rosa P, Soon V, Johansson N, Ødegaard F (2014) Faunistic review of the cuckoo wasps of Fennoscandia, Denmark and the Baltic countries (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae). Zootaxa 3864: 1–67. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.3864.1.1
