Oenanthe incrassans
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Ordo: Apiales
Familia: Apiaceae
Genus: Oenanthe
Name
Oenanthe incrassans Bory & Chaubert, Exp. Sci. Moreé, Bot.:87. 1832. – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- ≡Oenanthe incrassata Bory & Chaub. in Chaub. & Bory, Nouv. Fl. Pelop.: 19. 1838
Lectotypus
Bory & Chaub., Exp. Sci. Moreé, Bot.: tab. 8. 1835. (designated by Foley 2007[1]!)
Specimens examined
GREECE. Crete: Listr. Malevyzi, in paludosis fluviorum Gazanos et Almyros prope Gazi, 25 June 1942, KH. Rechinger fil. 14050 (W!); Sphakia: Sumpfiger Badem bei Frankokasteli, 13 April 1904, I.Dörfler, (WU!); Corfu: Ipsos to Ag. Markos, 16 July 1972, sides of moist fields, Davis 54531 (E); in einem Sumphe unterhalb des königlichen Schlosse Monrepos, 9 May–4 June 1996, Baenitz s.n. (E!); Ex regione collina Insula Corcyra, June 1877, Ball s.n. (E!); Ep. Milopotamas: b. Murdzana am N–Fuss der Kulukunas–Berge, 18 April 1962, W. Greuter 4170 (W!); Cephalonia (Argostolion): Chelmata–Kompothekrata region, 15 April 1967, E. Stamatiadou 207 (W!); Kissamos: lieux humides, 2 May–2 July 1884, Reverchon 247 (as Oenanthe callosa) (E!); Thasos: Limenas, 19 May 1891, Sintenis & Bornmüeller 451 (W!);
TURKEY. Istanbul: c. 35 km NW von Istanbul, bei Durusu, am Ufer des Durusu–Sees, 20 m s.m., 41°17'43"E/ 28°35'40"N, 16 May 2000, E. Vitek 2000–28 (W!); Terkos to Karaburun, 20–50 m, marshy lakeside, 30 May 2014, ED. Güner 2009 (GAZI); ibid. 15 June 2015, ED. Güner 2098 (GAZI).
Perennial, 50–70 cm tall, herb, glabrous, with ovoid or oblong tubers far from stem base. Stem erect, sparsely branched above, hollow, deeply striate (furrowed). Basal and lower stem leaves 2–pinnate, ovate to lanceolate in outline, up to 15 cm with petiole; ultimate segments with pinnatifid lobes, ovate, 9–15 × 8–14 mm; petiole shorter than leaf lamina, broader at leaf base. Upper stem leaves 2–pinnate, ovate-triangular in outline; ultimate segments 2–2.5 cm long and 2–5 mm broad, elliptic. Umbels with 7–12 rays of subequal length (1.5–2 cm), rays becoming hardly thickened and elongating in fruit; involucral bracts 0–1, linear, up to 6×1 mm. Umbellets almost flat, with unequal, thickened pedicels in fruit, many flowered, about 1.5 cm diam., pedicel of surrounding flowers longer than inner ones. Bracteoles 10–12, linear, ca. 3 × 1 mm. Petals radiating, creamy white, the outer flowers are female, petals cordate, deeply emerginate in tip, inner petal surface papillate. Styles shorter than fruit, fruit oblong, 3.5–4 × 2–2.5 mm.
Distribution, habitat and ecology
Oenanthe incrassans is distributed in Greece and Turkey (Figs 2–3). The species is distributed around Istanbul (Arnavutköy, Durusu–Terkos region), Turkey. The flowering time is April, fruiting time is June. It grows on lake sides at 20–50 m altitude.
Morphology
Oenanthe incrassans is close to Oenanthe pimpinelloides, but it clearly differs in leaves, inflorescens and features of fruit. Their differences are given in Table 1.
| Oenanthe incrassans | Oenanthe pimpinelloides | |
|---|---|---|
| Ultimate segments of basal and lower stem leaves | Pinnatifid, ovate, 9–15 × 8–14 mm | Pinnatilobate or pinnatifid, ovate–triangular, 8–10 × 5–8 mm |
| Ultimate segments of upper stem leaves | Elliptic, 20–25 × 2–5 mm | Linear or narrowly elliptic, 30–35 × 0.4–1.5 mm |
| Rays and pedicels | Strongly thickened | Thickened |
| Bracts | 0–1 | 0–3 |
| Bracteoles | 10–12, ca 3 × 1 mm | 12–14, 1.5–2 × 0.5 mm |
| Sepals | 0.4–0.9 mm in fruit | 0.2–0.4 mm in fruit |
| Styles | Shorter than fruit | ± Equal fruit body |
| Fruit | 3.5–4 × 2–2.5 mm | 2.5–3 × 1–1.5 mm |
Anatomy
Stem anatomy: The shape of stem cross section is triangular or ovoid in outline in Oenanthe incrassans; whereas it is circular in Oenanthe pimpinelloides. Parenchymatic cells of cortex 4–5–seriate in Oenanthe incrassans; but it is 2–4–seriate in Oenanthe pimpinelloides. Sclerenchyma tissue cells are 4–5–seriate between two peripheral vascular bundles in Oenanthe incrassans; while they are 10–12–seriate in Oenanthe pimpinelloides. 1–2 small central bundles are placed below peripheral bundles in Oenanthe incrassans; but 1–3 central bundles are placed below peripheral bundles in Oenanthe pimpinelloides (Fig. 4a–b).
Ray anatomy
Rays are hardly thickened and the shape of cross section is 8–10–ridged and circular in outline in Oenanthe incrassans; but they are slightly thickened and 7–ridged ovoid or oblong in outline in Oenanthe pimpinelloides. There are 8–9–seriate collenchyma cells in Oenanthe incrassans; but 5–6 seriate in Oenanthe pimpinelloides. Pith cells are 3–4–seriate and disappear towards the center in Oenanthe incrassans; but they are present at the center in Oenanthe pimpinelloides (Fig. 5a–b).
Fruit anatomy
Size and shapes of mericarps show morphological differences between the two species. The cross section shape of mericarps is semi-circular in outline and 4–ridged at the dorsal surface in Oenanthe incrassans. However, it is triangular in outline and only faintly 4-ridged in Oenanthe pimpinelloides. Mesocarp tissue consists of two types of cells; parenchymatic-slightly thickened cells and lignified sclerenchyma cells around vascular bundles. There are 9–10–seriate parenchymatic cells in Oenanthe incrassans, but there are 4–5– seriate parenchymatic cells in Oenanthe pimpinelloides (Fig. 6a–b).
Mericarp micromorphology
Oenanthe incrassans and Oenanthe pimpinelloides show fruit characteristics of the genus Oenanthe. The fruit micromorphology of Oenanthe incrassans differs from Oenanthe pimpinelloides by 3.5–4 × 2–2.5 mm sized mericarps (not 2.5–3 × 1–1.5 mm); sepals 0.4–0.9 mm in fruit (not 0.2–0.4 mm); styles shorter than fruit body (not ± equal fruit body); pedicel width ± equal fruit body width (not narrower). While lateral ridges of mericarp are 0.7–0.9 mm width in Oenanthe incrassans, it is 0.5–0.6 mm width in Oenanthe pimpinelloides. Stylopodium is conical and embedded along calyx line in both species (Fig. 7).
Pollen morphology
The pollen grains characters of Oenanthe incrassans and Oenanthe pimpinelloides are given in the Table 2 for the first time. Umbelliferae is a stenopalynous family (Erdtman 1952[2]). Cerceau- Larrival (1962)[3] divided the pollen of Umbelliferae into 5 types based on P/E ratio: subrhomboidal (type 1, P/E: 1–1.5), subcircular (type 2, P/E: 1–1.5), oval (type 3, P/E: 1.5–2), subrectangular (type 4, P/E: 2), and equatorially constricted (type 5, P/E: over 2). In the present study, pollen of Oenanthe incrassans is equatorially constricted (type 5, P/E: over 2) and Oenanthe pimpinelloides is oval (type 3, P/E: 1.5–2). According to Erdtman (1943)[4], Oenanthe incrassans pollen grains are perprolate (P/E > 2), Oenanthe pimpinelloides pollen grains are prolate (P/E: 1.33–2.00). Table 2 shows that pollen size of two species are significantly different. Mature pollen grains of Oenanthe incrassans are longer than Oenanthe pimpinelloides (Table 1) (Fig. 8).
| Oenanthe incrassans (EDG 2009) | Oenanthe pimpinelloides (EDG 2028) | |
|---|---|---|
| Symmetry | Radial, isopolar | Radial, isopolar |
| Pollen shape (P/E) | Perprolate (P/E = 2.09) | Prolate (P/E = 1.89) |
| Equatorial outline | Elliptic | Elliptic |
| Ornamentation | Rugulate (equatorial area), perforate (polar area) | Rugulate(equatorial area), perforate (polar area) |
| Exine sculpturing | Subtectate | Subtectate |
| Polar Axis (P) (min-max) | 43.2±0.41 mm (37 mm–47 mm) | 31.2±0.43 mm (26 mm–36 mm) |
| E1 = Equatorial Axis (wide side of polen) (min-max) | 21.0±0.27 mm (15 mm–22.5 mm) | 14.8±0.22 mm (12 mm–17 mm) |
| E0 = Equatorial Axis (center of pollen) (min-max) | 20.6±0.26 mm (15.5 mm–22 mm) | 16.5±0.24 mm (13 mm–19 mm) |
| E2 = Equatorial Axis (narrow side of polen) (min-max) | 20.6±0.26 mm (15.5 mm–22 mm) | 16.5±0.24 mm (13 mm–19 mm) |
| Clg = Colpus length (min-max) | 33.9±0.44 mm (27 mm–36 mm) | 24.3±0.41 mm (20 mm–29 mm) |
| Clt = Colpus width (min-max) | 2.1±0.04 mm (1.5 mm–2.5 mm) | 1.9±0.04 mm (1.5 mm–2.5 mm) |
| Plg = Pore length (min-max) | 5.3±0.12 mm (3 mm–6 mm) | 4.9±0.10 mm (4 mm–6 mm) |
| Plt = Pore width (min-max) | 5.0±0.07 mm (3 mm–6 mm) | 4.9±0.12 mm (4 mm–7 mm) |
| Int-e = Intine equatorial (min-max) | 1.1±0.01mm (1 mm–1.25 mm) | 0.9±0.02 mm (0.75 mm–1 mm) |
| Int-p = Intine polar (min-max) | 1.0±0.01 mm (1 mm–1.25 mm) | 0.7±0.03 mm (0.50 mm–1 mm) |
| Ex-e = Exine equatorial (min-max) | 1.1±0.02 mm (1 mm–1.25 mm) | 0.9±0.02 mm (0.75 mm–1 mm) |
| Ex-p = Exine polar (min-max) | 1.0±0.01 mm (0.75 mm–1.25 mm) | 0.7±0.03 mm (0.50 mm–1 mm) |
Taxon Treatment
- Güner, E; 2016: Oenanthe incrassans: An enigmatic species from Turkey and its comparison with Oenanthe pimpinelloides (Apiaceae) PhytoKeys, (62): 101-111. doi
Images
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Other References
- ↑ Foley M, Southam M (2007) Oenanthe incrassans Bory & Chaub. (Apiaceae), a distinctive plant of the Aegean region. Candollea 62: 126–130.
- ↑ Erdtman G (1952) Pollen Morphology and Plant Taxonomy. Angiosperms. Almqvist and Wiksell, Stockholm, 539 pp.
- ↑ Cerceau‐Larrival M (1962) Plantules et pollens d’Ombellifères. Mémoires du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle (Paris). Série B, Botanique 14: 1–166.
- ↑ Erdtman G (1943) An Introduction to Pollen Analysis. Waltham Mass., 239 pp.
