Obtusitermes formosulus
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Ordo: Isoptera
Familia: Termitidae
Genus: Obtusitermes
Name
Obtusitermes formosulus Cuezzo & Cancello – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Obtusitermes formosulus Cuezzo, Carolina, 2009, Zootaxa 1993: 62-66.
Etymology
Etymology. From Latin “ formosulus ” meaning “pretty”.
Materials Examined
Holotype: minor soldier, part of lot no. MZUSP10250, kept separately and labeled: “ MZUSP10250. VENEZUELA, Sucre, Parque Nacional de Mochima, 2.xi. 1986, E. M. Cancello and C. R. F. Brandão coll., field number 76 ”. Field observation: “inside a forest, collected in small wood items in litter, among rocks and in the soil”. Paratypes. TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO, Mount St. Benedict (10 ° 39 ’ 49 ’’N, 61 ° 23 ’ 56 ’’W), 27- 30.vi. 1999, R. Pinto da Rocha coll., soldiers (major, minor) and workers (broad and narrow gap mandibles), MZUSP11254; “ Tobago ”, Gasparee Isld., 8.iii. 1991, J.P.E.C. Darlington coll., soldiers (major, minor) and workers (narrow gap mandibles), USNM8473. VENEZUELA, Sucre, soldiers (major, minor) and workers (narrow gap mandibles) of lot no. MZUSP10250, with the same data as the holotype; soldiers (major) and workers (narrow gap mandibles) of lot no. MZUSP10252, field number 74, and same data as holotype.
Description
Imago. Unknown. Soldier. Dimorphic. Nasus subconical (major soldier) or subcylindrical (minor soldier) in profile. Vestigial mandibles without points. Postclypeus inflated. Labrum short, with anterior margin rounded. Carina from postclypeus through superior margin of antennal insertion. Antenna with 11 articles; 3 rd subclavate, longer than 2 nd and 4 th; 5 th to 8 th similar in size and shape and 9 th to 11 th similar in size and shape. Anterior margin of pronotum rounded, not emarginated. Tibial spurs 2: 2: 2. Nasus dark brown, lighter at apex; anterior half of head capsule yellowish brown, becoming light yellow at rear; antenna yellowish; pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum yellowish. Major soldier (Figs. 1 A, B). Head capsule in dorsal view, with a moderated but clear constriction directly behind base of antennae. Maximum width behind the constriction, at middle of posterior part. Dorsal margin of head in profile, converging toward nasus with no depression or elevation at base of nasus. Nasus and head capsule with scattered microscopic hairs; four erect bristles at base of nasus, plus two erect bristles, some scattered shorter ones, and hairs of various size and orientation at vertex. Nasus with four bristles and short hairs at apex. Postmentum with two rows of bristles on anterior margin, at least four bristles on a front row and two bristles on a back row. Pronotum with microscopic hairs on both anterior and posterior margins; mesonotum and metanotum also with microscopic hairs on posterior margin. Tergites with four erect bristles on posterior margin and decumbent hairs on surface; sternites with a row of long bristles on posterior margin and scattered bristles on surface. Measurements of six soldiers from lots MZUSP10250 and 11254 are given as range: LH: 1.14–1.23; LHp: 0.70–0.78; WH: 0.61–0.70; HH: 0.43–0.50; WP: 0.35–0.38; LT: 0.59–0.63.
Minor soldier (Figs. 1 C–E). Head capsule, in dorsal view, with a conspicuous constriction a little before middle of head, considering from base of nasus to rear margin of head. Anterior part of head capsule, distal to constriction, about as broad as posterior part. Dorsal margin of head, in profile, with a slight hump at the base of nasus, followed by a weak depression. Pilosity following same pattern as major soldier but fewer decumbent bristles at head capsule vertex. Measurements of six soldiers from lots MZUSP10250 and 11254 are given as range, followed by values for the holotype in parentheses: LH: 1.01–1.05 (1.05); LHp: 0.61–0.65 (0.65); WHfr: 0.45–0.48 (0.46); WHr: 0.45–0.50 (0.49); HH: 0.33–0.36 (0.35); WP: 0.30–0.35 (0.34); LT: 0.59–0.64 (0.60). Worker (Figs. 2 A–D). Two kinds of workers identifiable by morphology of mandibles, head capsule pigmentation, and profile of dorsal surface of head capsule: “minor darker workers” with broad gap mandibles, darker head capsule and dorsal surface of head capsule, in profile, with a concavity at front followed by a hump; and in other category “major lighter workers” with narrow gap mandibles characterized by lighter head capsule, and dorsal surface of head capsule convex in profile. Besides, in the category of “major lighter workers”, there are differences in head capsule size (see measurements). “Minor darker workers” with broad gap mandibles much less frequent than “major lighter workers” with narrow gap mandibles. Differences in head pilosity between “major lighter workers” with narrow gap mandibles and “minor darker workers” with broad gap workers as shown in Figs. 2 A–D. Head capsule of “major lighter workers” with scattered erect bristles and numerous hairs; postclypeus with bristles on anterior margin and two stout bristles plus hairs on surface. All workers, major and minor, in dorsal view, with lateral margins of head capsule nearly parallel or converging toward front, and posterior margin rounded; fontanelle region slightly depressed; postclypeus moderately inflated; antenna with 12 articles. Anterior lobe of pronotum more developed than posterior one; anterior margin of pronotum rounded, not emarginated. Tibial spurs 2: 2: 2. Digestive tube visible through abdominal wall. Pronotum with just a few short hairs on anterior and posterior margins; tergites with short hairs over surface and bristles on posterior margin. Minor darker worker with broad gap mandibles: measurements of one specimen from MZUSP11254, WH: 0.69; LT: 0.59; LMI: 0.44. Major lighter worker with narrow gap mandibles, large size: measurements of five specimens from MZUSP10250, WH: 0.80–0.85; LT: 0.50–0.53; LMI: 0.44–0.56. Major lighter worker with narrow gap mandibles, small size: measurements of five specimens from MZUSP10250 and three specimens from MZUSP11254, WH: 0.70–0.74; LT: 0.50–0.55; LMI: 0.40–0.56.
Mandibles (Figs. 3 A–B) Major lighter workers with narrow gap (Figs. 2 C–D; 3 B) having left mandible with apical tooth no more prominent than M 1 + 2; posterior margin of apical tooth concave; acute angle between posterior margin of apical tooth and anterior margin of M 1 + 2; posterior margin of M 1 + 2 almost straight; third marginal tooth distinct, separated from molar prominence by a V-shaped gap; molar tooth barely visible at small gap, apex hidden beneath molar prominence; molar prominence with ridges, visible by translucence. Right mandible with an apical tooth about same size as first marginal tooth, a smaller second marginal tooth with blunt apex; molar plate with five conspicuous and one weakly developed ridges; basal notch well-defined. Minor darker worker with broad gap (Figs. 2 A–B; 3 A), differing from major lighter workers with narrow gap by having on the left mandible an apical tooth with posterior margin straight; broader gap between third tooth and molar prominence; on right mandible apical tooth having a peculiar posterior margin, second marginal tooth less prominent; molar plate narrower, with four conspicuous and one weakly developed ridges; basal notch less defined.
Digestive tube (Figs. 4 A–I; 5 A–B). Gut coiling showing a similar generic pattern (Roisin et al.1996). Crop and gizzard (G) not clearly visible in dorsal view (Fig. 4 A). Gizzard with a complete weakly sclerotized cuticular armature (hexaradial symmetry), without ornamentations (spines, scales); pulvillar belt more developed than columnar belt (Fig. 5 A). Mesenteron short, dorsally extending to right side but not reaching medial line in ventral view. Mixed segment well-developed with a unique mesenteric tongue proximally on the internal face, and distally turning ventral (Fig. 4 B). In this way, the mixed segment constitutes an asymmetrical structure. Malpighian tubules attached on a short projection of mesenteric tissue in two pairs very close together at junction midgut-hindgut on inner face of midgut ring (Figs. 4 G–I). Tubules dilated along mixed segment length. Ileum (P 1) not dilated, turning back on itself to form a short loop distally on right side of abdomen. Enteric valve (P 2) lying beneath P 1 dorsally on right side of abdomen, or on a subdivision clearly visible on P 3 (Figs. 4 E–F). P 2 with a weak armature of six spiny areas; minor areas alternating with major ones (Fig. 5 B). Paunch (P 3) as a pyriform sac, not protruding throughout midgut ring. Dorsal torsion not developed. P 3 joined to colon (P 4) on left side. P 4 tubular, reaching rectum (P 5) after passing beneath P 1 loop on right side (Figs. 4 B, E, F). No apparent differences in digestive tube of different kinds of workers.
Comparisons. The major soldier of Obtusitermes formosulus differ from that of O. panamae by having a larger head capsule with the dorsal surface, in profile, converging toward nasus with no depressions; vertex outward, in profile; nasus somewhat longer and not or only slightly upturned in profile. Pilosity of head capsule and pronotum distinctly different, being the microscopic hairs and short hairs less abundant. The minor soldier of Obtusitermes formosulus has a larger head capsule, with the posterior part about as wide as the anterior part in dorsal view; dorsal surface of the head capsule in profile, with a slight hump at the base of nasus, followed by a weaker depression; nasus somewhat longer and not or only slightly upturned in profile; and also pilosity of head capsule and pronotum different, being the microscopic hairs and short hairs less abundant. Worker gut of Obtusitermes formosulus has a mesenteric tongue which turns ventrally at its distal part; there is a projection of mesenteric tissue on the internal side where the Malpighian tubules are attached, and a minor P 1 loop at the right side, not visible ventrally; these characters are different from those figured by Roisin et al. (1996, Fig. 1 C).
Comparisons with Parvitermes bacchanalis Mathews.Parvitermes bacchanalis soldier does not resemble that of Obtusitermes as Fontes (1998) had affirmed. First, the soldier of P. bacchanalis differs by having vestigial mandibles with points, while Obtusitermes soldier mandibles are vestigial without points. The soldier of P. bacchanalis has a head capsule with a stronger constriction near the antennal insertion, antenna with 13 antenomeres, postclypeus not inflated, nasus thinner, and a uniform pattern of coloration (see Mathews 1977, pg. 177–179, Figs. 130, 131, 154). Although either taxa could be understood as wood-feeders (or litter- feeders that feed on wood items in litter), it is possible to recognize some differences in their worker mandibles. Also, the worker gut coiling does not resemble that of Obtusitermes. In P. bacchanalis (see Fontes 1998, pg. 381, Figs. 101–104) the mesenteric tongue extends dorsally; P 3 protrudes through the mesenteric arc, dorsal torsion well-developed; P 1 leads to the right side and then turns to the left, passing bellow the mesenteric arc to reach P 2; P 4 with a conspicuous "U-turn".
Discussion
Remarks.Issa (2000) mentioned Obtusitermes n. sp. for two localities of Venezuela (Uverito, Canaima). Also, Adamson (1937) and Scheffrahn et al. (2003) indicated another record of a new species for Trinidad and Tobago, and Constantino (2002) provides figures of Obtusitermes sp. (major and minor soldier, Figs. 121–124). Dr. Scheffrahn, who was one of the reviewers of this text, has affirmed that the material from Issa (2000) and Scheffrahn et al. (2003) match the description of Obtusitermes formosulus. Dr. Constantino also state that those figures (Constantino 2002, Figs. 121–124) were of Obtusitermes formosulus. One of us (CC) has examined samples of Obtusitermes from Adamson Collection deposited at the AMNH and it was possible to confirm that the record of Adamson (1937) is Obtusitermes formosulus as well.
Taxon Treatment
- Cuezzo, Carolina; Cancello, Eliana M.; 2009: A new species of Obtusitermes (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae) from South America, Zootaxa 1993: 62-66. doi
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