Nerthra macrothorax
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Ordo: Hemiptera
Familia: Gelastocoridae
Genus: Nerthra
Name
Nerthra macrothorax (Montrouzier, 1855) – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Galgulus macrothorax Montrouzier, 1855: 110.
- Scylaecus macrothorax: Stål 1861[1]: 201.
- Peltopterus macrothorax: Stål 1863[2]: 408; Montandon 1899[3]: 779; Kirkaldy 1906[4]: 150; Esaki 1928[5]: 75; Sonan 1934[6]: 21; Hoffmann 1941[7]: 44; Miyamoto 1953[8]: 35, Miyamoto 1954[9]: 28.
- Nerthra macrothorax: Todd 1955[10]: 414; Todd 1957[11]: 157; Todd 1959[12]: 63; Todd 1960[13]: 172; Todd 1961[14], 93; Polhemus 1995[15]: 24; Chen et al. 2005[16]: 47; Nieser and Chen 2005[17]: 308; Kment and Jindra 2008[18]: 203; Polhemus and Polhemus 2012[19]: 357, Xie and Liu 2013[20]: 6; Sano 2016[21]: 31.
Description
(from Todd 1955[10]). Body light brown, front of head provided with five large, rounded tubercles, four of which are flatted on top and densely covered with short clavate bristles; ocelli absent. Pronotum greatly expanded laterally; lateral margins converging anteriorly, subparallel for posterior half; posterior angle projecting obliquely posterolateral, rather pointed; posterior margin with five concavities.
Scutellum rather small, apex narrowed, basal portion depressed, inclining to apex which is the most elevated part. Hemelytra entirely coriaceous, fused together, extending slightly beyond end of abdomen, large longitudinal carinae present; base of embolium greatly expanded laterally. Connexivum broadly expanded laterally in both sexes. Entire body covered with short, broadly clavate bristles, bristles pale and especially dense on pronotum and on the elevations of the head.
Abdominal sternites of female nearly symmetrical except for posterior margin of last sternite, which is slightly emarginated, but with apex slightly convex just below the lobes of the ovipositor, the latter somewhat rounded and the left one overlapping the right. Abdominal sternites of male rather small, last visible abdominal sternite wider than long, nearly twice as long as seventh sternite, which has the right side elongate, spatulate.
Clasper of male rather sickle-shaped, but nearly straight, very slightly enlarged at apex then tapering to a blunt point.
Notes
During the daytime this species hides in wet mud or sand, or under stones or plant debris (Chen et al. 2005[16]). Nieser and Chen (2005)[17] observed these toad bugs burrowing in the sand on a beach in the south of Taiwan. In view of its inability to fly, its wide distribution is attributed to dispersion by drift on plant debris (Todd 1960[13]). The authors have not seen this species, and distribution data for this species was collected from the published literature.
Distribution
China (Taiwan), Japan, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia (Kment and Jindra 2008[18]).
Taxon Treatment
- Xie, T; Liu, G; 2018: Notes on some toad bugs from China (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Gelastocoridae) ZooKeys, (759): 137-147. doi
Other References
- ↑ Stål C (1861) Nova methodus familias quasdam Hemipterorum disponendi. Öfversigt af Kungliga Vetenskapsakademiens Förhandlingar 18(4): 195–212.
- ↑ Stål C (1863) Verzeichniss der Mononychiden. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 7: 405–408. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.47918630308
- ↑ Montandon A (1899) Hemiptera Cryptocerata. S. fam. Mononychinae. Notes et descriptions d’espèces nouvelles, 2-éme partie. Buletinul Societatii de Sciinte din Bucuresti-Româna 8: 774–780.
- ↑ Kirkaldy G (1906) List of the genera of the pagiopodous Hemiptera-Heteroptera, with their type species, from 1758 to 1904 (and also of the aquatic and semi-aquatic Trochalopoda). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 32: 117–156.
- ↑ Esaki T (1928) Aquatic and semiaquatic Heteroptera. In: Karin S Miller S (Eds) Insects of Samoa and other Samoan terrestrial Arthropoda. Part II. Hemiptera, Fasc. 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, 67–80.
- ↑ Sonan J (1934) On Peltopterus macrothorax (Montrouzier). Transactions of the Natural History Society of Formosa 24: 21–22. [In Japanese]
- ↑ Hoffmann W (1941) Catalogue of aquatic Hemiptera of China, Indo-China, Formosa, and Korea. Lingnan Science Journal 20(1): 1–78.
- ↑ Miyamoto S (1953) Tokara expedition. Nymph 2: 33–41. [In Japanese]
- ↑ Miyamoto S (1954) Collecting records from Tokara Islands. Shin Konchû 7(1): 28–34. [In Japanese]
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Todd E (1955) A taxonomic revision of the family Gelastocoridae (Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 37: 277–475. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.1590
- ↑ Todd E (1957) Five new species of Gelastocoridae with comments on other species (Hemiptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 59: 145–162.
- ↑ Todd E (1959) The Gelastocoridae of Melanesia. Nova Guinea, New Series 10: 61–95.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Todd E (1960) Notes on Nerthra macrothorax (Montrouzier) (Hemiptera: Gelastocoridae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 62: 116.
- ↑ Todd E (1961) Notes on some toad bugs (Hemiptera: Gelastocoridae) from India. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 74: 93–94.
- ↑ Polhemus J (1995) Family Gelastocoridae Kirkaldy, 1897 - toad bugs. In: Aukema B Rieger C (Eds) Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 1. Enticocephalomorpha, Dipsocoromorpha, Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha and Leptopodomorpha. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, 23–25.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Chen P, Nieser N, Zettel H (2005) The aquatic and semi-aquatic bugs (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha & Gerromorpha) of Malesia. Fauna Malesiana Handbooks 5, Brill, Leiden/Boston, 546 pp.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Nieser N, Chen P (2005) The water bugs (Hemiptera: Nepomorpha and Gerromorpha) of Vanuatu. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 148: 307–327. https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-900000173
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Kment P, Jindra Z (2008) Review of the family Gelastocoridae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) of south-eastern Asia. In: Grozeva S Simov N (Eds) Advances in Heteroptera research. Festschrift in Honour of 80th Anniversary of Michail Josifov, 189–213.
- ↑ Polhemus D, Polhemus J (2012) Guide to the aquatic Heteroptera of Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia. IX. Infraorder Nepomorpha, families Ochteridae and Gelastocoridae. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60: 343–359.
- ↑ Xie T, Liu G (2013) Catalogue of Nepomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from China (I). Science paper online 1–18. http://www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/201305–98
- ↑ Sano S (2016) New localities of Nerthra macrothorax (Heteroptera, Gelastocoridae) from Miyako and Ikema Islands, the Ryukyus, Japan. Rostria 59: 31–33.
