Muricea plantaginea
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Ordo: Alcyonacea
Familia: Plexauridae
Genus: Muricea
Name
Muricea plantaginea (Valenciennes, 1846) – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Gorgonia plantaginea Valenciennes, 1846: pl 15.
- [[ | ]] nec Gorgoniaplantaginea Lamarck, 1815: 163.
- [[ | ]] nec Euniceaplantaginea Valenciennes, 1855: 13; Milne Edwards and Haime 1857[1]: 146, 151.
- Eunicea tabogenesis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860: 17; 1864 [1866]: 111. Kükenthal 1924[2]: 145.
- Eunicea ransoni Stiasny, 1937: 331, 334–336, figs 5, 6, 7.
- [[ | ]] ? Muriceaappressa Verrill, 1864: 37 [January]; 1866: 329; 1868a: 412; 1869a: 444–446; pl VIII, fig. 13. Kükenthal 1919[3]: 752; 1924[2]: 145. Reiss 1929: 390–391. Hardee and Wicksten 1996[4]: 132–136 (syn. n).
- Muricea appressa var. flavescens Verrill, 1869a: 446. Kükenthal 1919[3]: 752; Kükenthal 1924[2]: 145 (syn. nov.). Hickson 1928[5]: 371–372. Reiss 1929: 389–390. Stiasny 1943[6]: 72–74.
- Muricea plantaginea Lamarck, 1836: 333. Breedy and Guzmán 2016b[7]: 25–32.
- Muricea californica Aurivillius, 1931: 111–114 [according to Grigg, 1977: 280, after Grigg, 1970: xiv, 20, 25, 207].
- Muricea tenella Verrill, 1869a: 446–448. Kükenthal 1919[3]: 752; 1924[2]: 145. Hickson 1928[5]: 371–372. Reiss 1929: 389–390. Stiasny 1943[6]: 72–74.
Type locality
Holotype Mazatlán, Mexico, Voyage sur la Frégate La Vénus, MA Du Petit Thouars, 1836–1839. Also, Peru, Tumbes Department, Zorritos, 3–5 fm [6–9 m]. Specimen from NMNH (USNM 33585, and many others) collected in the North Pacific, Panama.
Type specimens
Syntype YPM 1616A of Muriceaappressavar.flavescens. As well, housed at NMNH, USNM 33585, listed as a Syntype, with SEM image #2517; [dry]. Syntype specimen at NMNH was examined.
Material examined
A number of lots housed in SBMNH collection (see Appendix 1: List of material examined).
Remarks
Included here is a brief commentary on this species, and an SEM plate (Figure 42A–K) is provided as a means of comparison, because as Grigg (1977)[8] stated “this could be synonymous with M.californica.” However, the work of Hardee and Wicksten (1996)[4] led them to conclude that M appressa (= M.plantaginea) is not synonymous with M.californica. Based on my own observations and research, M.appressa is more likely to be found south of the California Bight (Baja, CA Sur, Ecuador, Galápagos, etc.). Johnson and Snook (1927)[9] made mention of storm-washed living specimens of Eunicea Lamouroux, 1816 (but no reference to a species) with the living polyps yellowish white (the black and white photograph of a specimen shown in that volume looked most like a somewhat worn specimen of either M.californica, or perhaps M.fruticosa typical). While those identified as M.appressa in the SBMNH collection generally seemed more prickly in overall appearance (as compared to M.californica), along with slightly smaller-diameter branches, any cursory visual inspection of gorgonian specimens from this genus could misidentify species. A more intentional study of calyx shape along with further comparisons of sclerites from freshly collected specimens over the total range of the Bight to clarify the possible synonymy of this species with Muriceacalifornica is underway. I am inclined to keep Muriceaappressa (= M.plantaginea) a separate species while this further study is being conducted. Several additional locations were noted for this species in Verrill’s (1864[10]; 1869a[11]) description: Panamá and the Pearl Islands, in pools at extreme low water; ex. FH Bradley; also, JH Sternbergh and FH Bradley. Also, records from Nicaragua, Corinto; ex. JA McNiel and from Mexico, La Paz; ex. J Pedersen. Note that all of these locations lie well south of the California Bight’s southern boundary.
Compounding the confusion surrounding Muricea species, particularly in the southern portion of California’s geographical range, is that in the following description of Muriceafruticosa, two very distinct colony forms must be mentioned: that which looks very much like the typical Muriceacalifornica (the typical colony shape, albeit with white polyps, according to most encountering it in the field) and that with a far smaller, stiffer, shorter-branched cespitose or fruticose bushy shape, a distinctly different variant of M.fruticosa according to Verrill (1868a[12]; 1869a[11]). As this latter variant is not encountered in the southern California Bight it is not discussed here.
Taxon Treatment
- Horvath, E; 2019: A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia – Part II: Species of Holaxonia, families Gorgoniidae and Plexauridae ZooKeys, 860: 67-182. doi
Images
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![Figure 42. Muriceaplantaginea (= Muriceaappressa), SBMNH 422909 (Ecuador) and SBMNH 422417 (Baja CA Sur). Image included for comparison between sclerites found in M.californica and those seen in M.plataginea [= M.appressa Breedy & Guzmán, 2016]. SEM image. A–FSBMNH 422909 (A–C); E–F Calycular/coenenchymal sclerites A Elongated, jagged spindles B Small torch-type C Rounded, stout torches D Shorter, jagged spindles (axial sheath) E Unilateral spinous spindle F A second unilateral spinous form tending to torch shape G–KSBMNH 422417 Calycular and coenenchymal sclerites G Fan-shaped sclerite H Large, truncated unilateral spinous spindles I Stout prickly spindle J Rounded, unilateral spinous type K Torch-types typical of M.californica. Compare sclerites A–F with those shown in Breedy and Guzmán 2016 (fig. 15, for M.plantaginea) and sclerites G–K with those shown in Breedy and Guzmán 2016 (fig. 21, for M.californica).](/wiki/File:Zookeys-860-067-g042.jpg)
Other References
- ↑ Milne Edwards H, Haime J (1857) Histoire naturelle des coralliaires ou polypes proprement dits, Vol. I. Libraire Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, 1–326. [8 pls, numbered A1–6, B1, B2] https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11911
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Kükenthal W (1924) Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich, Vol. 47.Walter de Gruyter & Company, Berlin, 478 pp.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Kükenthal W (1919) Gorgonaria. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutsche Tiefsee-Expeditionen ‘Valdivia’ 1898–99 13(2): 1–946. [pls 30–89]
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Hardee M, Wicksten M (1996) Redescription and taxonomic comparison of three eastern Pacific species of Muricea (Cnidaria: Anthozoa).Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences95(3): 127–140. http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39810558
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Hickson S (1928) Papers from Dr Theodor Mortensen’s Pacific Expedition 1914–16. XLVII. The Gorgonacea of Panama Bay together with a description of one species from the Galápagos Islands and one from Trinidad.Videnskabelige Meddelelser Fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening85: 325–422. [pls 4–6]
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Stiasny G (1943) Gorgonaria von Panama. Aus der Sammlung Dr Theodor Mortensen, Zoologisk Museum, Kopenhagen.Videnskavelige Meddelelser fra den Dansk Naturhistoriske Forening107: 59–103.
- ↑ Breedy O, Guzmán H (2016b) A revision of the genus Muricea Lamouroux, 1821 (Anthozoa, Octocorallia) in the eastern Pacific. Part II.ZooKeys581: 1–69. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.581.7910
- ↑ Grigg R (1977) Population dynamics of two gorgonian corals.Ecology58: 278–290. https://doi.org/10.2307/1935603
- ↑ Johnson M, Snook H (1927) Seashore Animals of the Pacific Coast.MacMillan and Company, New York, 659 pp.
- ↑ Verrill A (1864) List of the polyps and corals sent by the Museum of Comparative Zoology to other institutions in exchange, with annotations.Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College1(3): 29–60. https://archive.org/details/cbarchive_33759_listofthepolyps andcoralssentby1863/page/n2
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Verrill A (1869a) Notes on Radiata in the Museum of Yale College. No. 6. Review of the corals and polyps of the West Coast of America. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences (2nd edn) 1(2): 423–502.
- ↑ Verrill A (1868a) [1868–1870] Notes on Radiata in the Museum of Yale College. 6. Review of the corals and polyps of the west coast of America. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, (First Edition) 1: (377–422, 1868; 423–502, 1869; 503–558, 1870. [pls 5–10] [The regular edition up to page 502 was destroyed by fire after distribution of the author’s edition of 150 copies; the reprinted edition issued in 1869 contains nomenclatural changes marked “Reprint” and thus constitutes a separate publication.] https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13465394
