Manestella

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Taxonavigation

Ordo: Diptera
Familia: Therevidae

Name

Manestella Metz – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

• Manestella Metz, 2003: 10. Type species Psilocephala tristriata Mann, 1933: 331, by original designation.

Diagnosis

Body length rarely exceeding 5.0 mm. Body usually covered with dense glaucous grey pubescence with darker brown or grey markings on head and scutum, admixed with numerous, dark setae; head length approximately equal to or slightly longer than height; male frons narrow with eyes often contiguous; parafacial pile absent, pubescence with silver velutum band laterally between antennal base and eye; face concave, grey pubescent; male with one or more rows of postocular setae; antennae shorter than or equal to head length; scutal pubescence glaucous, marked with dark brown, markings frequently as two medial stripes anteriorly, fused posteriorly, laterally stripes broken or irregularly tessellated; prosternal depression without setae; metanepisternum with post-spiracular setae absent; setae absent on posterior surface of mid coxa; femoral velutum patches absent; hind femur without subapical av setae; fore femur without macrosetae; hind coxal knob present; wing markings typically brown infuscate and white translucent, mottled or banded, sometimes uniform infuscate, often with additional spur veins and/or extra crossveins; vein M3 sometimes incomplete; cell m3 open; abdominal tergite 2 usually with patch of short setae medially; gonocoxites with diffuse velutum patch ventrally (sometimes absent); inner gonocoxal process present; dorsal and ventral apodemes of parameral sheath joining along distiphallus, both forked; female with three spermathecae; small rounded spermathecal sac present; spermathecal ducts joining to common spermathecal sac duct; acanthophorite spines A1 and A2 present, well developed.

Comments

Manestella contains some of the smallest stiletto flies, with a typical body length range of 3.5–5.0 mm. Females of the largest species attain a mere 5.5 mm total body length. External and male genitalic morphology are relatively conserved in this genus, and body colouration is generally grey and brown pubescent with mottled scutum and wings. The male abdomen often has a silver velutum covering. Atypical for therevids, there is considerable variation in wing venation in species in this genus, with individuals sometimes showing different arrangements of veins in each wing (e.g. spur veins or incomplete M3). Manestella is closely related to Medomega gen. n. based on characters such as the apodemes of the parameral sheath joining midway along the distiphallus rather than proximal to the basiphallus; numerous strong setae commonly on the head, thorax, and apices of the gonostylus and inner gonocoxal process, as well as a characteristic glaucous pubescence overlying much of the body. Manestella can be identified using the dichotomous key to Australasian genera in Winterton (2011).

Included species

Manestella caesia sp. n.; Manestella campestris sp. n.; Manestella canities sp. n.; Manestella cooloola sp. n.; Manestella fumosa sp. n.; Manestella incompleta sp. n.; Manestella nubis sp. n.; Manestella obscura sp. n.; Manestella ocellaris sp. n.; Manestella persona sp. n.; Manestella poecilothorax sp. n.; Manestella tristriata (Mann); Manestella umbrapennis sp. n.; Manestella vasta sp. n.; Manestella vespera sp. n.

Key to Manestella species

Most key couplets rely heavily on male characteristics as females are difficult to distinguish for many species. External characters are used where possible throughout the key, but male genitalic dissections should be examined to confirm identity. Unassociated females cannot be confidently separated for most species of Manestella except for Manestella poecilothorax sp. n.; females are unknown for Manestella persona sp. n., Manestella nubis sp. n., Manestella umbrapennis sp. n. and Manestella vasta sp. n.

Key to Manestella species — S. Winterton , C. Lambkin

1		Wing uniformly dark smoky infuscate (e.g. Figs 13, 26, 35, 39, 56, 59, 65)    2
–		Wing with dark to suffuse mottling tending to more extensive infuscation with white translucent fenestrations (e.g. Figs 20–24, 31, 43, 46, 47, 54), in some species largely translucent with several irregular markings and darkening along wing veins (e.g. Figs 7, 9-10, 48)    8
2	(1)	Frons with numerous elongate setae immediately above antennae (Western Australia)    3
–		Frontal setae minute or absent; (Figs 13, 38) (most states)    4
3	(2)	Male frontal setae divided medially to form two patches (Fig. 57); outer gonocoxal process less than half the length of inner gonocoxal process (Fig. 58A)    Manestella umbrapennis sp. n.
–		Male frontal setae a single patch only, not divided medially (Fig. 62); outer gonocoxal process at least half the length of inner gonocoxal process (Fig. 67A)    Manestella vespera sp. n.
4	(2)	Abdominal segments 1–2 suffused with dark yellow laterally (Fig. 12); male frons without setae (Fig. 13) (South Australia)    Manestella campestris sp. n.
–		Abdomen uniform dark grey-brown (often overlain with grey pubescence); male frons usually with setae, but sometimes reduced or absent (Fig. 27)    5
5	(4)	Male frons without setae; outer gonocoxal process relatively short, abruptly narrowed apically (Fig. 41) (Queensland)    Manestella obscura sp. n.
–		Male frons with small to minute setae present; outer gonocoxal process relatively elongate, spatulate (Figs 29, 60)    6
6	(5)	Male with single row of postocular setae immediately laterad of ocellar tubercle (more irregularly arranged setae laterally) (Figs 35, 36); distiphallus relatively elongate, extending ventrally beyond gonocoxite (Queensland)    Manestella nubis sp. n.
–		Male with two well defined rows of postocular setae; distiphallus relatively short, not extending ventrally beyond gonocoxite (Figs 29, 60)    7
7	(6)	Male gonocoxites without triangular medially directed process; inner gonocoxal process dark sclerotized, ladle-shaped with numerous strong setae apically; ejaculatory apodeme relatively narrow (Fig. 60) (Western Australia)    Manestella vasta sp. n.
–		Male gonocoxites with triangular medially directed process; inner gonocoxal process lightly sclerotized, narrow with few strong setae apically, ejaculatory apodeme relatively broad (Figs 6F-J, 29) (Western Australia)    Manestella fumosa sp. n.
8	(1)	Femora yellow basally (Figs 1–2); wing mostly translucent, small markings present (darker in female); wing venation yellowish towards base of wing (Figs 48–49); gonocoxite with shorter and darker setae ventrally (Fig. 50) (Western Australia)    Manestella poecilothorax sp. n.
–		Femora uniformly dark (rarely with yellowish suffusion); wing variable, but usually with extensive dark banding or mottling, venation dark throughout, rarely yellowish at wing base; gonocoxite setae uniform in colour and length    9
9	(8)	Scutellum with two pairs of large macrosetae (Figs 3, 47) (Western Australia)    Manestella persona sp. n.
–		Scutellum with one pair of large macrosetae (smaller setae occasionally present laterad)    10
10	(9)	Male frontal setae relatively short, distinctly weaker than setae on scape    13
–		Male frontal setae relatively long and robust, approximately equal in length and thickness to setae on scape (Figs 17, 42)    11
11	(10)	Male with single row of postocular setae immediately laterad of ocellar tubercle; male abdomen brown pubescent dorsally, uniform grey pubescent laterally (Figs 42–43); gonocoxites with glossy, glabrous area posteromedially (Queensland)    Manestella ocellaris sp. n.
–		Male with two rows of postocular setae (irregular) immediately laterad of ocellar tubercle; male abdomen completely covered with silver grey pubescence (Fig. 18–19), or with silver grey pubescence posterolaterally on abdominal tergites 1–5 (Fig. 30); gonocoxites with uniform velutum ventrally, without distinctive glabrous area    12
12	(11)	Wing vein M3 complete, joining to wing margin; male abdomen covered with uniform silver-grey velutinous pubescence (Fig. 17) (Western Australia)    Manestella canities sp. n.
–		Wing M3 frequently incomplete, terminating before wing margin (Fig. 30); male abdomen only with silver-grey pubescence laterally (Figs 30, 32) (Western Australia)    Manestella incompleta sp. n.
13	(10)	Gonocoxites with dark medially directed sclerotized process immediately ventral of ventral lobe (cf. Fig. 6H) (Fig. 25) (Queensland)    Manestella cooloola sp. n.
–		Gonocoxites without dark sclerotized process ventral of ventral lobe (Figs 11, 55)    14
14	(13)	Male wing mostly white translucent (Figs 7, 8); frons relatively flat, not protruding (Fig. 8) (southern Australia)    Manestella caesia sp. n.
–		Male wing more extensively marked (Figs 51, 52); frons protruding anteriorly (eastern Australia)    Manestella tristriata (Mann, 1933)

Taxon Treatment

• Winterton, S; Lambkin, C; 2012: New Australian stiletto flies: revision of Manestella Metz and description of Medomega gen. n. (Diptera, Therevidae, Agapophytinae) ZooKeys, 240: 1-119. doi

Images

Figure 1. Manestella poecilothorax sp. n., male, Western Australia, Golden Bay dunes. Body length = 3.0 mm. Photograph credit: Shaun L. Winterton.  Figure 2. Manestella poecilothorax sp. n., female, Western Australia, Golden Bay dunes. Body length = 4.0 mm. Photograph credit: Shaun L. Winterton.  Figure 3. Manestella persona sp. n., male, Western Australia, Golden Bay dunes. Body length = 3.0 mm. Photograph credit: Shaun L. Winterton.  Figure 6. Manestella spp., male genitalia. Manestella canities sp. n.: A epandrium, dorsal B gonocoxites, lateral C gonocoxites, ventral D aedeagus, dorsal E aedeagus, lateral. Manestella fumosa sp. n.: F epandrium, dorsal G gonocoxites, lateral H gonocoxites, ventral I aedeagus, dorsal J aedeagus, lateral. Abbreviations: d distiphallus; da dorsal apodeme of parameral sheath; ea ejaculatory apodeme; ga gonocoxal apodeme; ogp outer gonocoxal process; gs gonostylus; h hypandrium; igp inner gonocoxal process; lea lateral ejaculatory apodeme; va ventral apodeme of parameral sheath; vl ventral lobe. Scale line = 0.2 mm.  Figure 7. Manestella caesia sp. n., male, lateral view. Body length = 3.5 mm.  Figure 8. Manestella caesia sp. n., male, oblique view. Body length = 3.5 mm.  Figure 9. Manestella caesia sp. n., female, lateral view. Body length = 4.0 mm.  Figure 10. Manestella caesia sp. n., female, oblique view. Body length = 4.0 mm.  Figure 11. Manestella caesia sp. n., male genitalia A gonocoxites with aedeagus in situ, ventral view B epandrium. Scale line = 0.2 mm.  Figure 12. Manestella campestris sp. n., male, lateral view. Body length = 3.5 mm.  Figure 13. Manestella campestris sp. n., male, oblique view. Body length = 3.5 mm.  Figure 17. Manestella canities sp. n., male, lateral view. Body length = 3.5 mm.  Figure 18. Manestella canities sp. n., male, oblique view. Body length = 3.5 mm.  Figure 19. Manestella canities sp. n., male, oblique view. Body length = 3.5 mm.  Figure 20. Manestella canities sp. n., female, lateral view. Body length = 4.2 mm.  Figure 21. Manestella canities sp. n., female, oblique view. Body length = 4.2 mm.  Figure 22. Manestella cooloola sp. n., male, lateral view. Body length = 2.8 mm.  Figure 23. Manestella cooloola sp. n., male, oblique view. Body length = 2.8 mm.  Figure 24. Manestella cooloola sp. n., female, oblique view. Body length = 4.2 mm.  Figure 25. Manestella cooloola sp. n., male genitalia A epandrium B gonocoxites, ventral view C aedeagus, lateral view. Scale line = 0.2 mm.  Figure 26. Manestella fumosa sp. n., male, lateral view. Body length = 3.0 mm.  Figure 27. Manestella fumosa sp. n., male, oblique view. Body length = 3.0 mm.  Figure 29. Manestella fumosa sp. n., male genitalia A epandrium B gonocoxites with aedeagus in situ, ventral view. Scale line = 0.2 mm.  Figure 30. Manestella incompleta sp. n., male, lateral view. Body length = 3.8 mm.  Figure 31. Manestella incompleta sp. n., male, oblique view. Body length = 3.8 mm.  Figure 32. Manestella incompleta sp. n., female, lateral view. Body length = 4.3 mm.  Figure 35. Manestella nubis sp. n., male, lateral view. Body length = 3.5 mm.  Figure 36. Manestella nubis sp. n., male, dorsal view. Body length = 3.5 mm.  Figure 38. Manestella obscura sp. n., male, oblique view. Body length = 3.4 mm.  Figure 39. Manestella obscura sp. n., female, lateral view. Body length = 4.2 mm.  Figure 41. Manestella obscura sp. n., male genitalia A gonocoxites with aedeagus in situ, ventral view B epandrium. Scale line = 0.2 mm.  Figure 42. Manestella ocellaris sp. n., male, lateral view. Body length = 3.3 mm.  Figure 43. Manestella ocellaris sp. n., male, oblique view. Body length = 3.3 mm.  Figure 46. Manestella persona sp. n., male, lateral view. Body length = 4.0 mm.  Figure 47. Manestella persona sp. n., male, oblique view. Body length = 4.0 mm.  Figure 48. Manestella poecilothorax sp. n., male, lateral view. Body length = 3.5 mm.  Figure 49. Manestella poecilothorax sp. n., female, lateral view. Body length = 4.5 mm.  Figure 50. Manestella poecilothorax sp. n., male genitalia A epandrium B gonocoxites with aedeagus in situ, ventral view. Scale line = 0.2 mm.  Figure 51. Manestella tristriata (Mann), male, lateral view. Body length = 3.5 mm.  Figure 52. Manestella tristriata (Mann), holotype male, lateral view. Body length = 3.3 mm.  Figure 54. Manestella tristriata (Mann), female, oblique view. Body length = 4.5 mm.  Figure 55. Manestella tristriata (Mann), male genitalia A gonocoxites with aedeagus in situ, ventral view B epandrium. Scale line = 0.2 mm.  Figure 56. Manestella umbrapennis sp. n., male, lateral view. Body length = 3.0 mm.  Figure 57. Manestella umbrapennis sp. n., male, oblique view. Body length = 3.0 mm.  Figure 58. Manestella umbrapennis sp. n., male genitalia A gonocoxites, ventral view B aedeagus lateral view. Scale line = 0.2 mm.  Figure 59. Manestella vasta sp. n., male, oblique view. Body length = 3.0 mm.  Figure 60. Manestella vasta sp. n., male genitalia A epandrium B gonocoxites, ventral view C aedeagus, lateral view. Scale line = 0.2 mm.  Figure 62. Manestella vespera sp. n., male, oblique view. Body length = 3.4 mm.  Figure 65. Manestella vespera sp. n., female, oblique view. Body length = 4.0 mm.  Figure 67. Manestella vespera sp. n., male genitalia A gonocoxites with aedeagus in situ, ventral view B epandrium. Scale line = 0.2 mm.