Leptopilina
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Ordo: Hymenoptera
Familia: Figitidae
Name
Leptopilina Förster, 1869 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
Remarks
Very common throughout Africa.
Diagnosis
Usually medium-sized and rather stout eucoilines, with a more or less reduced hairy ring. Often superficially similar to Ganaspis. Easily separated from the former in males, since Leptopilina males have antennal F1 hardly modified and F2 moderately modified, while Ganaspis have F1 distinctly modified and F2 not at all; but for females (or males with antennae not visible) it is important to examine the metapleural corner: in Leptopilina it is oblique and hairless, in Ganaspis rectangular and hairy. Many Leptopilina which have a narrow marginal cell may be confused with Rhoptromeris, which have the male F2 more strongly modified and only rarely have a reduced hairy ring, and which are easy to separate by having lateral bridges on the pronotum (open in Leptopilina, closed in Rhoptromeris).
Species groups have been suggested by Nordlander (1980)[1] and Allemand et al. (2002)[2], but these have little consequence for the identification of the genus as such.
Distribution
Worldwide. Afrotropical records: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Madagascar, Nigeria, Seychelles, South Africa, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe (Quinlan 1986[3]), St Helena (Notton 2008[4]), Benin, Comoros, Gambia, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Mauritius, Republic of Congo, Reunion, Sao Tomé (Allemand et al. 2002[2]), Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Yemen (here).
Biology
Well-known for attacking Drosophilidae in various habitats (van Alphen et al. 1991[5], Buffington 2007[6]; Buffington et al. 2012[7], Lee et al. 2009[8], Novkovic et al. 2011[9]), including in Africa (Allemand et al. 2002[2], Nordlander 1980[1]).
Species richness
Leptopilina africana (Kieffer, 1911b), comb. n. (Eucoila) (replacement name for Eucoila afra Kieffer, 1910d nec Kieffer, 1904) Type ZMBH seen by MF (Rwanda)
Leptopilina apella Quinlan, 1988 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Madagascar)
Leptopilina atraticeps (Kieffer, 1911b) (Ectolyta) (Nigeria, Seychelles)
Leptopilina boulardi (Barbotin, Carton & Kelner-Pillault, 1979) (Cothonaspis) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Republic of Congo, Seychelles, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe; worldwide distributed species)
syn Charips mahensis Kieffer, 1911c, a secondary homonym in Leptopilina
Leptopilina cavernicola (Kieffer, 1913b), comb. n. (Eucoila) Type not found, apparently missing in MNHN, placement tentative based on original description (Tanzania)
Leptopilina drosophilae (Kieffer, 1913c), comb. n. (Eucoila) Type not located (possibly in coll Silvestri), placement based on original description (Guinea)
Leptopilina dulcis (Quinlan, 1988), comb. n. (Cothonaspis) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Madagascar)
Leptopilina fannius Quinlan, 1988 (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Leptopilina faunus Quinlan, 1988 (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Leptopilina fenerivae (Kieffer, 1910c), comb. n. (Psilosema) Type in ZMUH seen in 1980s by Göran Nordlander and generic placement assessed by him (pers. comm.), but not found upon more recent enquiry (Ralph Peters pers. comm.) (Madagascar)
Leptopilina fimbriata (Kieffer, 1901a) (Eucoela) (Palearctic species, also recorded from Afrotropical region)
Leptopilina freyae Allemand & Nordlander, 2002 (Benin, Gambia, Kenya)
Leptopilina guineaensis Allemand & Nordlander, 2002 (Benin, Cameroon, Republic of Congo, Reunion, South Africa, Sao Tomé)
Leptopilina heterotoma (Thomson, 1862) (Eucoila) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Madagascar, St Helena; worldwide distributed species)
syn Pseudeucoila bochei Weld, 1944
Leptopilina itys Quinlan, 1988 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Zimbabwe)
Leptopilina mahensis (Kieffer, 1911c) (Erisphagia) (Seychelles)
Leptopilina misensus Quinlan, 1988 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda)
Leptopilina orientalis Allemand & Nordlander, 2002 (Comoros, Madagascar, Reunion)
Leptopilina pisonis Quinlan, 1988 (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Leptopilina syphax Quinlan, 1988 (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Leptopilina thetus Quinlan, 1988 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa)
Leptopilina vesta Quinlan, 1988 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo)
Leptopilina victoriae Nordlander, 1980 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, South Africa, Uganda)
Taxon Treatment
- Noort, S; Buffington, M; Forshage, M; 2015: Afrotropical Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera) ZooKeys, (493): 1-176. doi
Other References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nordlander G (1980) Revision of the genus Leptopilina Förster, 1869, with notes on the status of some other genera (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Eucoilidae). Entomologica Scandinavica 11: 428–453. doi: 10.1163/187631280794710024
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Allemand R, Lemaitre C, Frey F, Boulétreau M, Vavres F, Nordlander G, van Alphen J, Carton Y (2002) Phylogeny of six African Leptopilina species (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea, Figitidae), parasitoids of Drosophila, with descriptions of three new species. Annales de la Société Entomologique Française 38: 319–332. doi: 10.1080/00379271.2002.10697346
- ↑ Quinlan J (1986) A key to the Afrotropical genera of Eucoilidae (Hymenoptera), with a revision of certain genera. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Historical series 52: 243–366.
- ↑ Notton D (2008) Insecta: Hymenoptera (bees, wasps and parasitic wasps). In: Mendel H Ashmole P Ashmole M. Invertebrates of the Central Peaks and Peak Dale, St Helena, Final report, April 2008 (updated September 2013). St Helena National Trust.
- ↑ van Alphen J, Nordlander G, Eijs I (1991) Host habitat finding and host selection of the Drosophila parasitoid Leptopilina australis (Hymenoptera, Eucoilidae), with a comparison of the niches of European Leptopilina species. Oecologia 87: 324–329. doi: 10.1007/BF00634586
- ↑ Buffington M (2007) The occurrence and phylogenetic implications of the ovipositor clip within the Figitidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea). Journal of Natural History 41: 2267–2282. doi: 10.1080/00222930701579732
- ↑ Buffington M, Brady S, Morita S, van Noort S (2012) Divergence estimates and early evolutionary history of Figitidae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea). Systematic Entomology 37: 287–304. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2012.00617.x
- ↑ Lee M, Kalamarz M, Paddibhatla I, Small C, Rajwani R, Govind S (2009) Virulance factors and strategies in Leptopilina spp.: selective responses in Drosophila hosts. In: Prevost G (Ed.) Advances in Parasitology, Vol. 70, Parasitoids of Drosophila, Edition 1. Academic Press, Elsevier, Burlington, 123–143.
- ↑ Novkovic B, Mitsui H, Suwito A, Kimura M (2011) Taxonomy and phylogeny of Leptopilina species (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae) attacking frugivorous drosophilid flies in Japan, with descripton of three new species. Entomological Science 14: 333–346. doi: 10.1111/j.1479-8298.2011.00459.x
