Ekboarmia atlanticaria

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Skou P, Stüning D, Sihvonen P (2017) Revision of the West-Mediterranean geometrid genus Ekboarmia, with description of a new species from Portugal (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae). Nota Lepidopterologica 40(1) : 39–63, doi. Versioned wiki page: 2017-03-06, version 137275, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Ekboarmia_atlanticaria&oldid=137275 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

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@article{Skou2017NotaLepidopterologica40,
author = {Skou, Peder AND Stüning, Dieter AND Sihvonen, Pasi},
journal = {Nota Lepidopterologica},
publisher = {Pensoft Publishers},
title = {Revision of the West-Mediterranean geometrid genus Ekboarmia, with description of a new species from Portugal (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae)},
year = {2017},
volume = {40},
issue = {1},
pages = {39--63},
doi = {10.3897/nl.40.10440},
url = {http://nl.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=10440},
note = {Versioned wiki page: 2017-03-06, version 137275, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Ekboarmia_atlanticaria&oldid=137275 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.}

}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Revision of the West-Mediterranean geometrid genus Ekboarmia, with description of a new species from Portugal (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae)
A1 - Skou P
A1 - Stüning D
A1 - Sihvonen P
Y1 - 2017
JF - Nota Lepidopterologica
JA -
VL - 40
IS - 1
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.40.10440
SP - 39
EP - 63
PB - Pensoft Publishers
M1 - Versioned wiki page: 2017-03-06, version 137275, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Ekboarmia_atlanticaria&oldid=137275 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

M3 - doi:10.3897/nl.40.10440

Wikipedia/ Citizendium:

<ref name="Skou2017Nota Lepidopterologica40">{{Citation
| author = Skou P, Stüning D, Sihvonen P
| title = Revision of the West-Mediterranean geometrid genus Ekboarmia, with description of a new species from Portugal (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae)
| journal = Nota Lepidopterologica
| year = 2017
| volume = 40
| issue = 1
| pages = 39--63
| pmid =
| publisher = Pensoft Publishers
| doi = 10.3897/nl.40.10440
| url = http://nl.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=10440
| pmc =
| accessdate = 2025-04-02

}} Versioned wiki page: 2017-03-06, version 137275, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Ekboarmia_atlanticaria&oldid=137275 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.</ref>

See also the citation download page at the journal.


Taxonavigation

Ordo: Lepidoptera
Familia: Geometridae
Genus: Ekboarmia

Name

Ekboarmia atlanticaria (Staudinger, 1859) – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

  • atlanticaria atlanticaria Staudinger, 1859, Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 20 (7–9): 218, (Boarmia?). Syntypes 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (MNHU), 1 ♂ (ZFMK; genitalia dissected by E. Wehrli, prep. number 5199). Spain: Andalusia, near Chiclana (examined externally, illustrated also in Albers & Warnecke (1941), plate II, figs. 9, 12 (on p. 332).
  • = atlanticariagracilis Albers & Warnecke, 1941, Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologische Gesellschaft 31 (1): 115, pl. 4, fig. 40, (Boarmia). Syntypes 4♂♂, 5 ♀♀ (2 syntype ♂♂ in Universität Hamburg, Centrum für Naturkunde, Germany), [Morocco]: Mehedya (examined externally, based on a photograph in the original description). Downgraded from subspecific rank of Ekboarmia atlanticaria gracilis (for instance Scoble 1999[1]; Leraut 2009[2]) to synonymy with Boarmia (?) atlanticariaatlanticaria Staudinger, 1859 (syn. n.), based on the absence of distinct morphological or molecular structures and adjoining distribution area. See Remarks.
  • atlanticaria holli Oberthür, 1909, Ètudes de Lépidoptérologie comparée 3: 412, pl. 27, fig. 152, (Hemerophila). Holotype male (ZFMK), Algeria: Alger [Originally as sp.] (examined, including genitalia, dissected by E. Wehrli, prep. number 5193).
  • Infrasubspecific names, probably unavailable: pallidior Lucas, 1956 (f.).

Examined non-type material

139 specimens (100♂♂, 39♀♀; data provided in a Suppl. material 1).

External characters and abdomen

(Figs 8, 9, 13). Wingspan 19–27 mm, medium-sized species in the genus. Wings grey-brown, forewing medial area darker brown, general appearance somewhat smooth, slightly glossy. Forewing with antemedial line inclined, deeply V-shaped and acutely angled back towards base but often this part very narrow and only weakly visible. Forewing medial line narrow, often strongest and approaching postmedial line near inner margin. Forewing postmedial line dark-brown to blackish, inclined, weakly dentate on veins, shallowly curved inwards between veins, dark brown, deeply V-shaped and angled towards base (along vein M1) near apex, angled again towards apex before reaching costa. Forewing postmedial line not angled outwards at inner margin and medial area narrow. Dark brown to blackish streak in forewing subapical area, often appearing as an extension of postmedial line. Outer margin bordered with whitish. Subterminal line mostly present, but indistinct, dark grey or brown, more or less parallel and close to termen. Terminal line blackish, narrow, often discontinuous, stronger at vein endings. Fringes uniform grey-brown. Hindwing medial line weakly curved, strongest near inner margin, often absent towards costa. Area between medial and postmedial lines often darker than remaining wing surface. Hindwing postmedial line weakly dentate, more strongly curved outwards than medial line, outer margin whitish. Hindwing subterminal line grey or brown, diffuse. Forewing discal spots blackish, small, distinct. Hindwing discal spots smaller. Wings below grey-brown, medial lines diffuse. Postmedial line discontinuous, with blackish dentation, discal spots and terminal line blackish. Course of postmedial line differs from that of upperside, antemedial line hardly visible. Frons, collar, thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings. Antennae concolorous with wings dorsally. Morphological structure of antennae, hindtibia, tympanal organs, tergites and sternites of abdomen as mentioned in generic description.

Variation

Spring generation much larger. Wings vary from grey-brown to different shades of brown. Medial area sometimes completely suffused with dark grey or brown. Terminal line can be continuous or discontinuous. Very rarely specimens occur with stronger dentation on postmedial line and/or a shallow incision near inner margin, producing a somewhat fascinataria-like appearance. We consider such specimens to fall within intraspecific variation of atlanticaria. The male syntype of atlanticaria from Andalusia in coll. ZFMK shows this feature.

Male genitalia

(Fig. 18). Uncus narrow, elongated, apex round. Socii absent. Gnathos arms fused ventrally, upturned, plate-shaped, surface rather smooth, margin round. Valva evenly narrowing towards apex, costa sclerotised, apical part of valva with narrow, setose ridge. Juxta arms large, rather narrow, dentate at apex only, base solid. Saccus elongated, upturned medially. Phallus narrow, caecum very short. Longer phallus apex elongate-oval, becoming bent when vesica is everted. Vesica enlarged at base, everts at c. 135 degree angle, without cornuti.

Female genitalia

(Fig. 22). Papillae anales slightly elongated, setose. Apophyses posteriores longer (about 1.6×) than apophyses anteriores. Lateral arms of lamella antevaginalis weakly sclerotised. Lamella postvaginalis weakly sclerotised, rounded plate with caudal, acute process. Ductus bursae very short, fluted, colliculum long, narrow. Corpus bursae elongated, oval, without sclerotisations. Signum distinctly stellate, of medium size.

Subspecies

holli . The holotype is large, greyish-brown (Fig. 13i). In ZFMK is a series of distinctly smaller specimens, collected later in the year, probably a similar phenomenon of seasonal variation as for taxon gracilis, see Remarks. The specimens from Tunisia (Fig. 13j, k) are reared and it is therefore difficult to form a judgement upon them. DNA barcodes of Tunisian specimens are distinct from other Ekboarmia atlanticaria specimens (see under Genetic data). No specimens from Algeria were available for DNA barcoding. Historically the subspecies has been delimited to occur in Tunisia and Algeria. We do not propose formal changes to the current classification because more research is needed.

Distribution and abundance

(Fig. 17). West-Mediterranean. In Europe only in southwestern Iberian Peninsula, the Balearic Islands, and Sardinia. There is also a record of a single specimen from southern France, undoubtedly a migrant from outside the known distribution area, of which the closest is the Balearic Islands. Outside Europe, in Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. In Europe a somewhat local but not rare species, which can be found in limited numbers in its localities.

Phenology

Multivoltine. Recorded from early March to early November with a few additional records in late January, February, and December. Larvae have been found in February (Staudinger 1859[3]), in March, and mid October (M. Corley, pers. comm.). Hibernation probably takes place as egg, larva, and pupa, or a combination of these. The moths are nocturnal and both sexes come readily to light.

Biology

Larva monophagous. It has been found on Juniperus phoenicea (Staudinger 1859[3]; Zangheri 1968[4]; Corley 2004[5]).

Habitat

In a variety of habitat types where the foodplant occurs, including coastal dunes as well as non-sandy inland localities. From sea level up to 300 m; according to Redondo et al. (2009)[6] up to 500 m.

Genetic data

BIN: BOLD: AAD7906 (n=11 from Morocco, Portugal and Spain including the Balearics belonging to nominal subspecies) (Fig. 26). In Tunisia (putative subsp. holli) with two separate, sympatrically occurring BINs (BOLD: ABZ3161, n=3) diverging by 1.0% and (BOLD: ABZ6474, n=2) and by 2.2% from the Iberian and Moroccan populations. Ekboarmia sagnesi samples were nested within Ekboarmia atlanticaria groups (only short sequences available for the former, see Ekboarmia sagnesi). Distance from Ekboarmia miniaria 3.5% and from Ekboarmia sagnesi 1.5%.

Similar species

Forewing postmedial line weakly dentate and not angled outwards towards posterior margin in Ekboarmia atlanticaria (strongly dentate or zigzag-shaped and sharply angled outwards towards posterior margin in Ekboarmia fascinataria). Forewing medial area narrow at posterior margin in Ekboarmia atlanticaria (wide in Ekboarmia fascinataria). The not closely related Menophra harterti (Rothschild, 1912) has striated hindwings and forewing postmedial line is continuous, reaching wing margin below apex. The medial area of the not closely related Ecleora solieraria (Rambur, 1834) is not dark and hindwing postmedial line is rather straight (see Flamigni et al. 2007[7] for illustrations).

Remarks

Taxon gracilis from Morocco has been considered valid at subspecies level (e.g., Scoble 1999[1]; Leraut 2009[2]). The description of taxon gracilis was based on a series of nine males and females, collected in August and November, and the specimens are very small and dark greyish-brown. In our opinion type specimens belong to a summer or autumn generation, probably developed under dry conditions. Wet conditions in winter and spring yield larger specimens (see Fig. 13g). Same hypothesis has been presented by Wehrli (1943 in Wehrli 1939–1954[8]). One specimen from Morocco was available for barcoding and it nested within Ekboarmia atlanticaria subsp. atlanticaria specimens from the Iberian Peninsula. Due to similarity in barcodes, adjunct geographical distribution on the opposite sides of Straits of Gibraltar, and presumably seasonal variation of external appearance, we synonymize Boarmia atlanticaria gracilis Albers & Warnecke, 1941 with Boarmia (?) atlanticaria atlanticaria Staudinger, 1859.

Taxon Treatment

  • Skou, P; Stüning, D; Sihvonen, P; 2017: Revision of the West-Mediterranean geometrid genus Ekboarmia, with description of a new species from Portugal (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) Nota Lepidopterologica, 40(1): 39-63. doi

Images

Figures 6–8. Larva, pupa and adult of Ekboarmia atlanticaria (Staudinger, 1859). Larvae fed in captivity on Juniperus phoenicea. Photos by Michael Leipnitz.
Figures 6–8. Larva, pupa and adult of Ekboarmia atlanticaria (Staudinger, 1859). Larvae fed in captivity on Juniperus phoenicea. Photos by Michael Leipnitz. 
Figures 9–12. Diagnostic external characters (indicated) of Ekboarmia species. 9. Ekboarmia atlanticaria male (Staudinger, 1859), Portugal: Salema, 40 m, 19.iv.2007 (coll. Skou). 10. Ekboarmia fascinataria male (Staudinger, 1900), Algeria: Hammam Righa, April 1928 (coll. ZFMK). 11. Ekboarmia sagnesi male Dufay, 1979, Spain: Valle de Luna, 1200 m, 2.vii.2011 (coll. Skou). 12. Ekboarmia miniaria male sp. n., Portugal: Grandola, Ameiras de B., 20.vi.2011 (coll. Skou).
Figures 9–12. Diagnostic external characters (indicated) of Ekboarmia species. 9. Ekboarmia atlanticaria male (Staudinger, 1859), Portugal: Salema, 40 m, 19.iv.2007 (coll. Skou). 10. Ekboarmia fascinataria male (Staudinger, 1900), Algeria: Hammam Righa, April 1928 (coll. ZFMK). 11. Ekboarmia sagnesi male Dufay, 1979, Spain: Valle de Luna, 1200 m, 2.vii.2011 (coll. Skou). 12. Ekboarmia miniaria male sp. n., Portugal: Grandola, Ameiras de B., 20.vi.2011 (coll. Skou). 
Figures 13–16. Ekboarmia adults. 13a. Ekboarmia atlanticaria ♂, syntype, Spain: Andalusia, near Chiclana (coll. MNHU); 13b. Ekboarmia atlanticaria ♂, Italy: Sardinia, Teulada, 8-11.xi.1934 (coll. ZFMK); 13c. Ekboarmia atlanticaria ♂ Spain: Ibiza, St. Antonio, May 1983 (coll. Sihvonen); 13d. Ekboarmia atlanticaria ♀, syntype, Spain: Andalusia, near Chiclana (coll. MNHU); 13e. Ekboarmia atlanticaria ♀, Spain: Cádiz, 10 km NW of Tarifa, Punta Paloma, 30 m, 22–23.v.2006 (coll. Skou); 13f. Ekboarmia atlanticaria ♂, syntype, Spain: Andalusia, near Chiclana (underside of 13a, coll. MNHU); 13g. Ekboarmia atlanticaria ♂, Morocco: Kenitra area, 2 km S of Medyia, 22 m, 6.iv.2011 (coll. Stadie); 13h. Ekboarmia atlanticaria ♂, Morocco: Tanger, xii 1908 (coll. ZFMK); 13i. Ekboarmia atlanticaria ssp. holli ♂, holotype m, Algeria: Alger, 20.vii.1904 (coll. ZFMK); 13j. Ekboarmia atlanticaria ssp. holli ♂, Tunisia: Grombalia area, 2 km S of Semech, 70 m, 2.iv.2007 (e.o.) (coll. Stadie) 13k. Ekboarmia atlanticaria ssp. holli ♀, Tunisia: Grombalia area, 2 km S of Semech, 70 m, 2.iv.2007 (e.o.) (coll. Stadie); 13l. Ekboarmia atlanticaria ♀, syntype, Spain: Andalusia, near Chiclana (underside of 13d, coll. MNHU). 14a. Ekboarmia fascinataria ♂, Algeria: Hammam Righa, April 1928 (coll. ZFMK) [illustrated in Wehrli (1939–1954)[8] also]; 14d. Ekboarmia fascinataria ♂, Algeria: Hammam Righa, Juni 1928 [gen. II?] (coll. ZFMK) [illustrated in Wehrli (1939–1954)[8] also]; 14c. Ekboarmia fascinataria ♂, Algeria: Hammam Righa, Juni 1928 [gen. II?] (coll. ZFMK); 14d. Ekboarmia fascinataria ♀, holotype, Algeria: Teniet el Had, May-June (coll. MNHU); 14e. Ekboarmia fascinataria ♀ Algeria: Hammam Righa, April 1928 (coll. ZFMK) [illustrated in Wehrli (1939–1954)[8] also]; 14f. Ekboarmia fascinataria ♂, Algeria: Hammam Righa, April 1928 (underside of 14a, coll. ZFMK) [illustrated in Wehrli (1939–1954)[8] also]; 15a. Ekboarmia sagnesi paratype ♂, France: Hautes-Alpes, Les Fréaux, près la Grave, 1400 m, 20.vi.1979 (coll. Herbulot in ZSM); 15b. Ekboarmia sagnesi ♀, France: Hautes-Alpes, Usine, Romanche, 1155 m, 24.vi.2009 (coll. Tautel); 15c. Ekboarmia sagnesi ♂, France: Hautes-Alpes, Usine, Romanche, 1155 m, 15.viii.2009 ex larva (coll. Tautel); 15d. Ekboarmia sagnesi ♂, Spain: Leon, Valle de Luna, 1200 m, 2.vii.2011 (coll. Skou); 15e. Ekboarmia sagnesi ♀, Spain: Leon, Valle de Luna, 1200 m, 2.vii.2011 (coll. Skou); 15f. Ekboarmia sagnesi ♂, Spain: Leon, Valle de Luna, 1200 m, 2.vii.2011 (underside of 15d, coll. Skou); 16a. Ekboarmia miniaria sp. n. holotype ♂, Portugal: Grandola, Ameiras de Baixo, 20.vi.2011 (coll. Skou); 16b. Ekboarmia miniaria sp. n. paratype ♂, Portugal: Grandola, Ameiras de Baixo, 20.vi.2011 (coll. Skou); 16c. Ekboarmia miniaria sp. n. paratype ♂, Portugal: Alentejo, Lagoa de Santo André, Nature Reserve, 16.ix-10.x.1995 (gen. II) (coll. Skou); 16d. Ekboarmia minaria sp. n. paratype ♀, Portugal: Grandola, 15.vi.2009 (coll. Skou); 16e. Ekboarmia miniaria sp. n. paratype ♀, Portugal: Grandola, 15.vi.2009 (coll. Skou); 16f–16j = corresponding undersides of 16a–16e.
Figures 13–16. Ekboarmia adults. 13a. Ekboarmia atlanticaria ♂, syntype, Spain: Andalusia, near Chiclana (coll. MNHU); 13b. Ekboarmia atlanticaria ♂, Italy: Sardinia, Teulada, 8-11.xi.1934 (coll. ZFMK); 13c. Ekboarmia atlanticaria ♂ Spain: Ibiza, St. Antonio, May 1983 (coll. Sihvonen); 13d. Ekboarmia atlanticaria ♀, syntype, Spain: Andalusia, near Chiclana (coll. MNHU); 13e. Ekboarmia atlanticaria ♀, Spain: Cádiz, 10 km NW of Tarifa, Punta Paloma, 30 m, 22–23.v.2006 (coll. Skou); 13f. Ekboarmia atlanticaria ♂, syntype, Spain: Andalusia, near Chiclana (underside of 13a, coll. MNHU); 13g. Ekboarmia atlanticaria ♂, Morocco: Kenitra area, 2 km S of Medyia, 22 m, 6.iv.2011 (coll. Stadie); 13h. Ekboarmia atlanticaria ♂, Morocco: Tanger, xii 1908 (coll. ZFMK); 13i. Ekboarmia atlanticaria ssp. holli ♂, holotype m, Algeria: Alger, 20.vii.1904 (coll. ZFMK); 13j. Ekboarmia atlanticaria ssp. holli ♂, Tunisia: Grombalia area, 2 km S of Semech, 70 m, 2.iv.2007 (e.o.) (coll. Stadie) 13k. Ekboarmia atlanticaria ssp. holli ♀, Tunisia: Grombalia area, 2 km S of Semech, 70 m, 2.iv.2007 (e.o.) (coll. Stadie); 13l. Ekboarmia atlanticaria ♀, syntype, Spain: Andalusia, near Chiclana (underside of 13d, coll. MNHU). 14a. Ekboarmia fascinataria ♂, Algeria: Hammam Righa, April 1928 (coll. ZFMK) [illustrated in Wehrli (1939–1954)[8] also]; 14d. Ekboarmia fascinataria ♂, Algeria: Hammam Righa, Juni 1928 [gen. II?] (coll. ZFMK) [illustrated in Wehrli (1939–1954)[8] also]; 14c. Ekboarmia fascinataria ♂, Algeria: Hammam Righa, Juni 1928 [gen. II?] (coll. ZFMK); 14d. Ekboarmia fascinataria ♀, holotype, Algeria: Teniet el Had, May-June (coll. MNHU); 14e. Ekboarmia fascinataria ♀ Algeria: Hammam Righa, April 1928 (coll. ZFMK) [illustrated in Wehrli (1939–1954)[8] also]; 14f. Ekboarmia fascinataria ♂, Algeria: Hammam Righa, April 1928 (underside of 14a, coll. ZFMK) [illustrated in Wehrli (1939–1954)[8] also]; 15a. Ekboarmia sagnesi paratype ♂, France: Hautes-Alpes, Les Fréaux, près la Grave, 1400 m, 20.vi.1979 (coll. Herbulot in ZSM); 15b. Ekboarmia sagnesi ♀, France: Hautes-Alpes, Usine, Romanche, 1155 m, 24.vi.2009 (coll. Tautel); 15c. Ekboarmia sagnesi ♂, France: Hautes-Alpes, Usine, Romanche, 1155 m, 15.viii.2009 ex larva (coll. Tautel); 15d. Ekboarmia sagnesi ♂, Spain: Leon, Valle de Luna, 1200 m, 2.vii.2011 (coll. Skou); 15e. Ekboarmia sagnesi ♀, Spain: Leon, Valle de Luna, 1200 m, 2.vii.2011 (coll. Skou); 15f. Ekboarmia sagnesi ♂, Spain: Leon, Valle de Luna, 1200 m, 2.vii.2011 (underside of 15d, coll. Skou); 16a. Ekboarmia miniaria sp. n. holotype ♂, Portugal: Grandola, Ameiras de Baixo, 20.vi.2011 (coll. Skou); 16b. Ekboarmia miniaria sp. n. paratype ♂, Portugal: Grandola, Ameiras de Baixo, 20.vi.2011 (coll. Skou); 16c. Ekboarmia miniaria sp. n. paratype ♂, Portugal: Alentejo, Lagoa de Santo André, Nature Reserve, 16.ix-10.x.1995 (gen. II) (coll. Skou); 16d. Ekboarmia minaria sp. n. paratype ♀, Portugal: Grandola, 15.vi.2009 (coll. Skou); 16e. Ekboarmia miniaria sp. n. paratype ♀, Portugal: Grandola, 15.vi.2009 (coll. Skou); 16f–16j = corresponding undersides of 16a–16e. 
Figure 17. Confirmed records of Ekboarmia species. All records of Ekboarmia fascinataria from Europe have proved to be Ekboarmia atlanticaria, therefore this species is removed from the European fauna until a reliable record will be provided. According to current knowledge Ekboarmia fascinataria has a scattered distribution in North Africa, but this may be an artefact of low collecting activity biased towards few sampled areas. An uncertain record of Ekboarmia sagnesi is marked with a question mark, see text for details.
Figure 17. Confirmed records of Ekboarmia species. All records of Ekboarmia fascinataria from Europe have proved to be Ekboarmia atlanticaria, therefore this species is removed from the European fauna until a reliable record will be provided. According to current knowledge Ekboarmia fascinataria has a scattered distribution in North Africa, but this may be an artefact of low collecting activity biased towards few sampled areas. An uncertain record of Ekboarmia sagnesi is marked with a question mark, see text for details. 
Figures 18–21. Male genitalia of Ekboarmia species, diagnostic characters are indicated and explained. Scale (where shown) is 1 mm. 18a. Ekboarmia atlanticaria genitalia, Portugal: Prov. Algarve, Salema, 40 m, 19.iv.2007, slide PS2053 (coll. Skou); 18b. Ekboarmia atlanticaria phallus, Portugal: Prov. Algarve, Salema, 40 m, 19.iv.2007, slide PS2053 (coll. Skou); 18c. Ekboarmia atlanticaria vesica, Portugal: Prov. Algarve, Salema, 40 m, 19.iv.2007, slide PS2053 (coll. Skou); 18d. Ekboarmia atlanticaria juxta, Portugal: Prov. Algarve, Salema, 40 m, 19.iv.2007, slide PS2053 (coll. Skou); 19a. Ekboarmia fascinataria genitalia, Algeria: Hammam Righa, May 1928, slide 2307-DS (coll. ZFMK); 19b. Ekboarmia fascinataria phallus, Algeria: Hammam Righa, June 1928, dissection 5919-Wehrli (in glycerol), mounted on slide by Stüning in 2015 (coll. ZFMK); 19c. Ekboarmia fascinataria vesica, Algeria: Hammam Righa, May 1928, slide 2307-DS (coll. ZFMK); 19d. Ekboarmia fascinataria juxta, Algeria: Hammam Righa, May 1928, slide 2307-DS (coll. ZFMK); 20a. Ekboarmia sagnesi genitalia, Spain: Leon, Valle de Luna, 1200 m, 2.vii.2011, slide PS2157 (coll. Skou); 20b. Ekboarmia sagnesi phallus, Spain: Leon, Valle de Luna, 1200 m, 2.vii.2011, slide PS2157 (coll. Skou); 20c. Ekboarmia sagnesi vesica, France: Dept. Isère, Valle de la Romanche, 1200 m, 22.–23.vi.1999, slide PS2095 (coll. Skou); 20d. Ekboarmia sagnesi juxta, France: Dept. Isère, Valle de la Romanche, 1200 m, 22.-23.vi.1999, slide PS2095 (coll. Skou); 21a. Ekboarmia miniaria sp. n. genitalia, Portugal: Grandola, Ameiras de B.[aixo], 20.vi.2011, slide PS2050 (coll. Skou), holotype; 21b. Ekboarmia miniaria sp. n. phallus, Portugal: Grandola, Ameiras de B.[aixo], 20.vi.2011, slide PS2050 (coll. Skou), holotype; 21c. Ekboarmia miniaria sp. n. vesica, Portugal: Grandola, Ameiras de B.[aixo], 20.vi.2011, slide PS2050 (coll. Skou), holotype; 21d. Ekboarmia miniaria sp. n. juxta, Portugal: Grandola, Ameiras de B.[aixo], 20.vi.2011, slide PS2050 (coll. Skou), holotype.
Figures 18–21. Male genitalia of Ekboarmia species, diagnostic characters are indicated and explained. Scale (where shown) is 1 mm. 18a. Ekboarmia atlanticaria genitalia, Portugal: Prov. Algarve, Salema, 40 m, 19.iv.2007, slide PS2053 (coll. Skou); 18b. Ekboarmia atlanticaria phallus, Portugal: Prov. Algarve, Salema, 40 m, 19.iv.2007, slide PS2053 (coll. Skou); 18c. Ekboarmia atlanticaria vesica, Portugal: Prov. Algarve, Salema, 40 m, 19.iv.2007, slide PS2053 (coll. Skou); 18d. Ekboarmia atlanticaria juxta, Portugal: Prov. Algarve, Salema, 40 m, 19.iv.2007, slide PS2053 (coll. Skou); 19a. Ekboarmia fascinataria genitalia, Algeria: Hammam Righa, May 1928, slide 2307-DS (coll. ZFMK); 19b. Ekboarmia fascinataria phallus, Algeria: Hammam Righa, June 1928, dissection 5919-Wehrli (in glycerol), mounted on slide by Stüning in 2015 (coll. ZFMK); 19c. Ekboarmia fascinataria vesica, Algeria: Hammam Righa, May 1928, slide 2307-DS (coll. ZFMK); 19d. Ekboarmia fascinataria juxta, Algeria: Hammam Righa, May 1928, slide 2307-DS (coll. ZFMK); 20a. Ekboarmia sagnesi genitalia, Spain: Leon, Valle de Luna, 1200 m, 2.vii.2011, slide PS2157 (coll. Skou); 20b. Ekboarmia sagnesi phallus, Spain: Leon, Valle de Luna, 1200 m, 2.vii.2011, slide PS2157 (coll. Skou); 20c. Ekboarmia sagnesi vesica, France: Dept. Isère, Valle de la Romanche, 1200 m, 22.–23.vi.1999, slide PS2095 (coll. Skou); 20d. Ekboarmia sagnesi juxta, France: Dept. Isère, Valle de la Romanche, 1200 m, 22.-23.vi.1999, slide PS2095 (coll. Skou); 21a. Ekboarmia miniaria sp. n. genitalia, Portugal: Grandola, Ameiras de B.[aixo], 20.vi.2011, slide PS2050 (coll. Skou), holotype; 21b. Ekboarmia miniaria sp. n. phallus, Portugal: Grandola, Ameiras de B.[aixo], 20.vi.2011, slide PS2050 (coll. Skou), holotype; 21c. Ekboarmia miniaria sp. n. vesica, Portugal: Grandola, Ameiras de B.[aixo], 20.vi.2011, slide PS2050 (coll. Skou), holotype; 21d. Ekboarmia miniaria sp. n. juxta, Portugal: Grandola, Ameiras de B.[aixo], 20.vi.2011, slide PS2050 (coll. Skou), holotype. 
Figures 22–25. Female genitalia of Ekboarmia species, diagnostic characters are indicated and explained. Scale (where shown) is 1 mm. 22a. Ekboarmia atlanticaria genitalia, Spain: Prov. Huelva, ESE Mazagon, 20 m, 21.ix.2009, slide 2309-DS (coll. ZFMK); 22b. Ekboarmia atlanticaria signum, Spain: Prov. Cádiz, 10 km NW of Tarifa, Punta Paloma, 30 m, 22.-23. v. 2006, slide PS2049 (coll. Skou); 22c. Ekboarmia atlanticaria ostium bursae and adjacent structures, Spain: Prov. Cádiz, 10 km NW of Tarifa, Punta Paloma, 30 m, 22.-23. v. 2006, slide PS2049 (coll. Skou); 23a. Ekboarmia fascinataria genitalia, Algeria: Hammam Righa, May 1928, slide 2310-DS (coll. ZFMK); 23b. Ekboarmia fascinataria signum, Algeria: Hammam Righa, May 1928, slide 2310-DS (coll. ZFMK); 23c. Ekboarmia fascinataria ostium bursae and adjacent structures, Algeria: Hammam Righa, May 1928, slide 2310-DS (coll. ZFMK); 24a. Ekboarmia sagnesi genitalia, France: Dept. Isère, Valle de la Romanche, 1155 m, 24.vi.2009, slide 2311-DS (coll. C. Tautel, Paris); 24b. Ekboarmia sagnesi signum, France: Dept. Isère, Valle de la Romanche, 1200 m, 22.-23.vi.1999, slide PS2096 (coll. Skou); 24c. Ekboarmia sagnesi ostium bursae and adjacent structures, France: Dept. Isère, Valle de la Romanche, 1200 m, 22.-23.vi.1999, slide PS2096 (coll. Skou); 25a. Ekboarmia miniaria sp. n. genitalia, Portugal: Grandola, 15.vi.2009, slide 2312-DS (coll. ZFMK), paratype; 25b. Ekboarmia miniaria sp. n. ostium bursae and adjacent structures, Portugal: Grandola, 15.vi.2009, slide PS2051 (coll. ZFMK), paratype.
Figures 22–25. Female genitalia of Ekboarmia species, diagnostic characters are indicated and explained. Scale (where shown) is 1 mm. 22a. Ekboarmia atlanticaria genitalia, Spain: Prov. Huelva, ESE Mazagon, 20 m, 21.ix.2009, slide 2309-DS (coll. ZFMK); 22b. Ekboarmia atlanticaria signum, Spain: Prov. Cádiz, 10 km NW of Tarifa, Punta Paloma, 30 m, 22.-23. v. 2006, slide PS2049 (coll. Skou); 22c. Ekboarmia atlanticaria ostium bursae and adjacent structures, Spain: Prov. Cádiz, 10 km NW of Tarifa, Punta Paloma, 30 m, 22.-23. v. 2006, slide PS2049 (coll. Skou); 23a. Ekboarmia fascinataria genitalia, Algeria: Hammam Righa, May 1928, slide 2310-DS (coll. ZFMK); 23b. Ekboarmia fascinataria signum, Algeria: Hammam Righa, May 1928, slide 2310-DS (coll. ZFMK); 23c. Ekboarmia fascinataria ostium bursae and adjacent structures, Algeria: Hammam Righa, May 1928, slide 2310-DS (coll. ZFMK); 24a. Ekboarmia sagnesi genitalia, France: Dept. Isère, Valle de la Romanche, 1155 m, 24.vi.2009, slide 2311-DS (coll. C. Tautel, Paris); 24b. Ekboarmia sagnesi signum, France: Dept. Isère, Valle de la Romanche, 1200 m, 22.-23.vi.1999, slide PS2096 (coll. Skou); 24c. Ekboarmia sagnesi ostium bursae and adjacent structures, France: Dept. Isère, Valle de la Romanche, 1200 m, 22.-23.vi.1999, slide PS2096 (coll. Skou); 25a. Ekboarmia miniaria sp. n. genitalia, Portugal: Grandola, 15.vi.2009, slide 2312-DS (coll. ZFMK), paratype; 25b. Ekboarmia miniaria sp. n. ostium bursae and adjacent structures, Portugal: Grandola, 15.vi.2009, slide PS2051 (coll. ZFMK), paratype. 
Figure 26. Neighbour-joining tree of Ekboarmia taxa, with the position of Ekboarmia miniaria sp. n. from Portugal highlighted. Tree was generated under the K2P nucleotide substitution model of 20 barcode sequences as implemented on BOLD. The position of Ekboarmia sagnesi within Ekboarmia atlanticaria is likely to be an artefact, resulting from short barcode sequences. The taxonomic status of Ekboarmia atlanticaria subspecies holli from Tunisia needs further research.
Figure 26. Neighbour-joining tree of Ekboarmia taxa, with the position of Ekboarmia miniaria sp. n. from Portugal highlighted. Tree was generated under the K2P nucleotide substitution model of 20 barcode sequences as implemented on BOLD. The position of Ekboarmia sagnesi within Ekboarmia atlanticaria is likely to be an artefact, resulting from short barcode sequences. The taxonomic status of Ekboarmia atlanticaria subspecies holli from Tunisia needs further research. 

Other References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Scoble M (1999) Geometrid Moths of the World: a catalogue (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Vols 1 and 2. CSIRO Publishing and Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 1016 pp.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Leraut P (2009) Moths of Europe, vol. 2, Geometrid moths. N.A.P. Editions, Verrières le Buisson, France, 808 pp.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Staudinger O (1859) Diagnosen nebst kurzen Beschreibungen neuer andalusischer Lepidopteren. Entomologische Zeitung, Herausgegeben von dem entomologischen Vereine zu Stettin 20(7–9): 211–259. http://http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/205211
  4. ↑ Zangheri S (1968) Attuali conoscenze sulla costituzione della Lepidotterofauna Italiana. Atti VII Congresso nazionale italiano di Entomologia, Verona, Settembre 1967: 62–112.
  5. ↑ Corley M (2004) Provisional list of the Lepidoptera of Lagoa de Santo André, Baixo Alentejo, Portugal, (Insecta: Lepidoptera). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia 32: 105–138.
  6. ↑ Redondo V, Gastón F, Gimeno R (2009) Geometridae Ibericae. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 361 pp. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004261013
  7. ↑ Flamigni C, Fiumi G, Parenzan P (2007) Lepidotteri Eteroceri D’Italia – Geometridae Ennominae I. Natura Edizioni Scientifiche, Bologna, 383 pp.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Wehrli E (1939–1954) Die Spanner des Palaearktischen Faunengebietes. 6. Subfamilie: Geometrinae. In: Seitz A (Ed.) Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, Vol. 4, Supplement. A. Kernen, Stuttgart, 254–766.
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