Dryocosmus

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Taxonavigation

Ordo: Hymenoptera
Familia: Cynipidae

Name

Dryocosmus Giraud, 1859 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

Description

Clypeus ventral margin shape: straight; Malar striae count: present; Malar striae dorsal limit: torulus-eye line on lower face and lower eye margin on malar area; Malar area: alutaceous; Malar sulcus: absent; Impression around central ocellus: present; Postgenal bridge / length of oral foramen: <1.
Transverse pronotal sulcus depth: deep; Notaulus limits: well-impressed, posterior end adjacent to posterior margin of mesoscutum, anterior end adjacent to anterior margin of mesoscutum; Mesoscutum sculpture: smooth or delicately alutaceous; Mesoscutum reflectivity: glossy; Metanotal trough sculpture: smooth; Metanotal trough reflectivity: glossy; Metascutellum sculpture: coriaceous; Scutellar foveae count: present; Foveal septum count: present or absent; Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) shape: trapezoid or quadrangular. Subaxillular bar sculpture: smooth; Subaxillular bar reflectivity: glossy; Mesoscutellar axillar complex posterior margin vs metanotum: overhanging; Mesopleuron sculpture: smooth, mostly glossy, only partially coriaceous; Speculum sculpture: smooth, mostly glossy, only partially coriaceous; Lateral propodeal carinae count: present; Central propodeal area reflectivity: glabrous; Lateral propodeal area pilosity: present; Nucha sculpture: with delicate longitudinal rugae dorsally and laterally; Wings fully developed; Marginal cilia: long; R1 distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin; Rs distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin.
Metasoma lateral height / metasoma lateral length: <1; Metasoma length / head+mesosoma length: <1; Second metasomal tergite sculpture: smooth; Metasomal tergites 3-6 reflectivity: glossy; Distal end of ventral spine of hypopygium shape: acute or rounded distallyapically; Prominent part of ventral part of hypopygium length / width: < 3.5; ventral part of hypopygium seta length: short.

Diagnosis

Most similar to Plagiotrochus Mayr by sharing the following character states: lower face with striae radiating from clypeus to inner margin of eye (sometimes indistinct because of short malar space), malar sulcus absent; lateral propodeal carinae curved outwards, median longitudinal carina sometimes present; central propodeal area with rugae; metasoma strongly compressed laterally; ventral spine of hypopygium short, acute or rounded apically, with or without a dense truncate tuft, prominent part < 3.5 times as long as broad (Melika et al. 2010).
Dryocosmus: mesoscutum smooth or alutaceous; ventral spine of hypopygium with setae forming a truncate apical tuft.
Plagiotrochus: mesoscutum entirely coriaceous or rugose; ventral spine of hypopygium with setae not forming a truncate apical tuft.

Key to Dryocosmus species

Key to Dryocosmus species — C. Tang , I. Mikó , J. Nicholls , S. Schwéger , M. Yang , G. Stone , F. Sinclair , M. Bozsó , G. Melika , Z. Pénzes

1		Mesosoma orange-yellow, metasoma light brown, female head orange-yellow to light brown, male head orange-yellow to dark brown    2
–		Body dark brown to black, with some minute, light brown areas    3
2		Notaulus posterior region width / notaulus anterior region width = 5 (not: Fig. 73); posterior height of subaxillular bar / height of metanotal trough = 0.25 (sab, mtr: Fig. 72); central propodeal area with transverse carina (trc: Fig. 74) in dorsal 1/3rd and with longitudinal parallel rugae between transverse carina and nucha (Fig. 74)     Dryocosmus hearni Schwéger & Tang, sp. n.
–		Notaulus anterior region width / notaulus posterior region width=1 (not: Fig. 181); posterior height of subaxillular bar / height of metanotal trough >1.00; central propodeal area without transverse carina in dorsal 1/3rd and with irregular rugae between dorsal propodeal margin and nucha (Fig. 180)     Dryocosmus testisimilis Tang & Melika, 2011
3		Basal lobe on metatarsal claw present    4
–		Basal lobe on metatarsal claw absent    5
4		Number of flagellomeres (female): 12; eye height / malar distance = 2.6; intertorular distance / eye torulus distance = 0.70; radial cell length / radial cell width = 3.40 ; 2nd metasomal tergite length dorsal view / length of metasoma dorsal view ≥ 0.50; prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium length ventral view / prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium width ventral view = 2.2     Dryocosmus sakureiensis Ide, Wachi & Abe, 2013
–		Number of flagellomeres (female): 13 (Fig. 126); eye height / malar distance = 2.0; intertorular distance / eye torulus distance = 0.40 (Fig. 122); radial cell length / radial cell width = 4.50 (rad: Fig. 129); 2nd metasomal tergite length dorsal view / length of metasoma dorsal view = 0.33; prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium length ventral view / prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium width ventral view = 1.3 (vsh: Fig. 132)     Dryocosmus moriius Tang & Melika, sp. n.
5		Dense setae present on lateral mesopleural surface ventral to transepisternal line (tel: Fig. 142)     Dryocosmus quadripetiolus Schwéger & Tang, sp. n.
–		Mesopleuron glabrous or few setae present along posteroventral margin of lateral mesopleural surface (Figs 24, 40, 72, 166)    6
6		Striae marking transepisternal line extends ¾ of mesopleuron length (tel: Fig. 24)    7
–		Striae marking transepisternal line absent (Fig. 99) or not extends 1/2 of mesopleuron length (tel: Figs 84)    10
7		Speculum striate (spe: Fig. 24)    8
–		Speculum without striae     Dryocosmus zhuili Liu & Zhu, 2015
8		Female POL/OOL = 1.40 (Fig. 2); male eye height / malar distance = 8.1; male eye height / transfacial distance = 1.2 (Fig. 5); male pedicel length / scape length < 1 (Fig. 10)    9
–		Female POL/OOL = 1.80 (Fig. 176); male eye height / malar distance = 8.70; male eye height / transfacial distance = 1.40 (Fig. 177), male pedicel / scape = 1     Dryocosmus triangularis Tang & Melika, 2011
9		Disc of mesoscutellum glossy and smooth at least in anterior half (dms: Figs 25, 26)     Dryocosmus caputgrusi Tang & Schwéger, sp. n.
–		Disc of mesoscutellum entirely rugose, matt (dms: Fig. 178)     Dryocosmus pentagonalis Tang & Melika 2011
10		Mesopleuron and speculum matt, uniformly coriaceous, without striae     Dryocosmus salicinai Schwéger & Tang, sp. n.
–		Mesopleuron glossy, smooth without striae (Fig. 99) or with few delicate indistinct striae marking transepisternal line (tel: Figs 84)    11
11		Mesopleuron and speculum smooth, without striae (Fig. 113)    12
–		Mesopleuron with few delicate indistinct striae marking transepisternal line (tel: Figs 166, 182, 184)    18
12		Second metasomal tergite with multiple setae laterally (Fig. 87)    13
–		Second metasomal tergite without or few setae laterally (Fig. 119)    14
13		Scutellar foveae without longitudinal striae (scf: Fig. 100); female F1 / F2 = 1.00; female F1 / pedicel = 2.7; placoid sensilla present on F1–F12 (Fig. 97)     Dryocosmus konradi Tang & Melika, sp. n.
–		Scutellar foveae with longitudinal striae (scf: Fig. 83); female F1 / F2 < 1; Female F1 / pedicel = 1.6; placoid sensilla present on F2–F12 (Fig. 81)     Dryocosmus hualieni Schwéger & Tang, sp. n.
14		Scutellar fovea minimum diameter / foveal septum width = 3.00; anterior pits of foveal septum present     Dryocosmus okayimai Abe, Ide, Konishi & Ueno, 2014
–		Scutellar fovea minimum diameter / foveal septum width = 6.00–10.00; anterior pits on foveal septum absent (Fig. 183)    15
15		Disc of mesoscutellum with irregular rugae (dms: Fig. 183)     Dryocosmus carlesiae Tang & Melika, 2011
–		Disc of mesoscutellum without irregular rugae (dms: Fig. 116)    16
16		Transverse pronotal sulcus not foveolate (tps: Fig. 40); pronotum posterolaterally with few short rugae as long as or shorter than diameter of anterior thoracic spiracle (Fig. 40)    17
–		Transverse pronotal sulcus foveolate (tps: Fig. 113); pronotum posterolaterally with numerous long rugae 2–3 times as long as diameter of anterior thoracic spiracle (Fig. 113)     Dryocosmus liyingi Melika & Tang, sp. n.
17		Central propodeal area with 1–2 delicate longitudinal lateral rugae (cpa: Fig. 42)     Dryocosmus crinitus Schwéger & Tang, sp. n.
–		Central propodeal area with numerous irregular longitudinal and transverse lateral and medial rugae     Dryocosmus nanlingensis Abe, Ide & Odagiri, 2014
18		Speculum striate dorsally (spe: Fig. 166)     Dryocosmus taitungiensis Tang & Melika, sp. n.
–		Speculum without striae (spe: Figs 11, 55, 184)    19
19		Triangular mesopleural furrow present; frons, interocellar area, vertex glossy, smooth, if frons alutaceous than only in lateral part, along compound eye     Dryocosmus sefuriensis Ide, Wachi & Abe, 2013
–		Triangular mesopleural furrow absent; frons, interocellar area, vertex alutaceous or coriaceous (Figs 184–185)    20
20		Head width / head height >1; gena broadened behind eye, visible in frontal view along entire lateral eye margin (gen: Fig. 186)     Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, 1951
–		Head width / head height = 1; gena not or very slightly broadened behind eye, not visible in frontal view or only visible along ventral region of lateral eye margin (gen: Figs 1, 48)    21
21		Parapsidal line and median mesoscutal line present (pl, mml: Fig. 12)     Dryocosmus cannoni Schwéger & Tang, sp. n.
–		Parapsidal line and median mesoscutal line absent (Fig. 56)     Dryocosmus harrisonae Melika & Tang, sp. n.

Taxon Treatment

• Tang, C; Mikó, I; Nicholls, J; Schwéger, S; Yang, M; Stone, G; Sinclair, F; Bozsó, M; Melika, G; Pénzes, Z; 2016: New Dryocosmus Giraud species associated with Cyclobalanopsis and non-Quercus host plants from the Eastern Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) Journal of Hymenoptera Research, (53): 77-162. doi

Images

Figures 1–10. Dryocosmus cannoni sp. n. 1–4 head, female: 1 frontal view 2 dorsal view 3 posterior view 4 lateral view 5–8 head, male: 5 frontal view 6 dorsal view 7 posterior view 8 lateral view 9–10 antenna: 9 female 10 male (gen=gena).  Figures 11–15. Dryocosmus cannoni, female, sp. n. 11 mesosoma, lateral view 12 mesoscutum, dorsal view 13 mesoscutellum, dorsal view 14 metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view 15 fore wing, part (mml=median mesoscutal line, pl=parapsidal line, spe=speculum).  Figures 24–28. Dryocosmus caputgrusi, female, sp. n. 24 mesosoma, lateral view 25 mesosoma, dorsal view 26 mesosoma and propodeum, posterodorsal view 27 metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view 28 fore wing, part (tel=transepisternal line, dms=disc of mesoscutellum, spe=speculum).  Figures 40–47. Dryocosmus crinitus, female, sp. n. 40 mesosoma, lateral view 41 mesoscutellum, dorsal view 42 metascutellum and propodeum, posterior view 43 fore wing 44 metasoma, lateral view 45 ventral spine of hypopygium, ventral view 46–47 galls (photos by C.-T. Tang) (tps=transverse pronotal sulcus, cpa=central propodeal area).  Figures 48–55. Dryocosmus harrisonae sp. n. 48–50 head, female: 48 frontal view 49 dorsal view 50 posterior view 51–52 head, male: 51 frontal view 52 dorsal view 53–54 antenna: 53 female 54 male 55 mesosoma, female, lateral view (gen=gena, spe=speculum).  Figures 56–60. Dryocosmus harrisonae, female sp. n. 56 mesoscutum, dorsal view 57 mesoscutellum, dorsal view 58 pronotum and propleuron, frontal view 59 metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view 60 fore wing, part.  Figures 72–76. Dryocosmus hearni sp. n. 72–75 female: 72 mesosoma, lateral view 73 mesosoma, dorsal view 74 metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view 75 fore wing, part. 76 gall (photo by C.-T. Tang) (not=notaulus, trc=transverse carina on central propodeal area, sab=subaxillular bar, mtr=metanotal trough).  Figures 77–83. Dryocosmus hualieni, female, sp. n. 77–80 head: 77 frontal view 78 dorsal view 79 posterior view 80 lateral view. 81 antenna 82 mesosoma, dorsal view 83 mesoscutellum, dorsal view.  Figures 84–87. Dryocosmus hualieni, female, sp. n. 84 mesosoma, lateral view 85 pronotum and propleuron, frontal view 86 metascutellum and propodeum, posterior view 87 metasoma, lateral view (tel=transepisternal line).  Figures 91–98. Dryocosmus konradi sp. n. 91–93 head, female: 91 frontal view 92 dorsal view 93 posterior view 94–96 head, male: 94 frontal view 95 dorsal view 96 posterior view 97–98 antenna: 97 female 98 male.  Figures 99–102. Dryocosmus konradi, female, sp. n. 99–100 mesosoma: 99 lateral view 100 dorsal view 101 metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view 102 fore wing, part (scf=scutellar fovea).  Figures 113–117. Dryocosmus liyingi, female, sp. n. 113 mesosoma, lateral view 114 pronotum and propleuron, frontal view 115 mesoscutum, dorsal view 116 mesoscutellum, dorsal view 117 metascutellum and propodeum, posterior view (tps=transverse pronotal sulcus, dms=disc of mesoscutellum).  Figures 118–121. Dryocosmus liyingi sp. n. 118 fore wing, part, female 119–120 metasoma, female: 119 lateral view 120 ventral view 121 gall (photo by C.-T. Tang).  Figures 122–129. Dryocosmus moriius sp. n. 122–124 head, female: 122 frontal view 123 dorsal view 124 posterior view 125 head, frontal view, male 126–127 antenna: 126 female 127 male 128–129 female: 128 mesosoma, dorsal view 129 fore wing, part, female (rad=radial cell).  Figures 130–135. Dryocosmus moriius sp. n. 130 mesosoma, female, lateral view 131 metascutellum and propodeum, female, posterodorsal view 132–133 metasoma, lateral view: 132 female 133 male 134–135 galls (photos by C.-T. Tang) (vsh=ventral spine of hypopygium).  Figures 142–146. Dryocosmus quadripetiolus, female, sp. n. 142 mesosoma, lateral view 143 mesosoma, dorsal view 144 mesoscutellum, dorsal view 145 metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view 146 metasoma, lateral view (tel=transepisternal line).  Figures 162–168. Dryocosmus taitungensis, female, sp. n. 162–164 head: 162 frontal view 163 dorsal view 164 posterior view 165 antenna 166 mesosoma, lateral view 167 mesoscutellum, dorsal view 168 mesoscutum, dorsal view (tel=transepisternal line, spe=speculum).  Figures 174–181. 174–175 Dryocosmus pentagonalis: 174 head, female, dorsal view 175 head, male, frontal view. 176–177 Dryocosmus triangularis: 176 head, female, dorsal view 177 head, male, frontal view 178–179 Dryocosmus pentagonalis, female: 178 mesoscutellum, dorsal view 179 mesosoma, lateral view, part 180–181 Dryocosmus testisimilis, female: 180 central propodeal area, posterior view 181 mesoscutum, dorsal view (dms=disc of mesoscutellum, not=notaulus).  Figures 182–186. 182–183 Dryocosmus carlesiae, female: 182 mesosoma, lateral view 183 mesoscutellum, dorsal view. 184–186 Dryocosmus kuriphilus, female: 184 mesosoma, lateral view 185 mesoscutellum, dorsal view 186 head, frontal view (tel=transepisternal line, dms=disc of mesoscutellum, spe=speculum, gen=gena).