Diachasmimorpha

Notice:

This page is derived from the original publication listed below, whose author(s) should always be credited. Further contributors may edit and improve the content of this page and, consequently, need to be credited as well (see page history). Any assessment of factual correctness requires a careful review of the original article as well as of subsequent contributions. If you are uncertain whether your planned contribution is correct or not, we suggest that you use the associated discussion page instead of editing the page directly. This page should be cited as follows (rationale): Wharton R, Ward L, Miko I (2012) New neotropical species of Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) reared from fruit-infesting and leaf-mining Tephritidae (Diptera) with comments on the Diachasmimorpha mexicana species group and the genera Lorenzopius and Tubiformopius. ZooKeys 243 : 27–82, doi. Versioned wiki page: 2012-11-16, version 28670, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Diachasmimorpha&oldid=28670 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers. Citation formats to copy and paste BibTeX: @article{Wharton2012ZooKeys243, author = {Wharton, Robert AND Ward, Lauren AND Miko, Istvan}, journal = {ZooKeys}, publisher = {Pensoft Publishers}, title = {New neotropical species of Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) reared from fruit-infesting and leaf-mining Tephritidae (Diptera) with comments on the Diachasmimorpha mexicana species group and the genera Lorenzopius and Tubiformopius}, year = {2012}, volume = {243}, issue = {}, pages = {27--82}, doi = {10.3897/zookeys.243.3990}, url = {http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/3990/abstract}, note = {Versioned wiki page: 2012-11-16, version 28670, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Diachasmimorpha&oldid=28670 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.} } RIS/ Endnote: TY - JOUR T1 - New neotropical species of Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) reared from fruit-infesting and leaf-mining Tephritidae (Diptera) with comments on the Diachasmimorpha mexicana species group and the genera Lorenzopius and Tubiformopius A1 - Wharton R A1 - Ward L A1 - Miko I Y1 - 2012 JF - ZooKeys JA - VL - 243 IS - UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.243.3990 SP - 27 EP - 82 PB - Pensoft Publishers M1 - Versioned wiki page: 2012-11-16, version 28670, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Diachasmimorpha&oldid=28670 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers. M3 - doi:10.3897/zookeys.243.3990 Wikipedia/ Citizendium: <ref name="Wharton2012ZooKeys243">{{Citation | author = Wharton R, Ward L, Miko I | title = New neotropical species of Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) reared from fruit-infesting and leaf-mining Tephritidae (Diptera) with comments on the Diachasmimorpha mexicana species group and the genera Lorenzopius and Tubiformopius | journal = ZooKeys | year = 2012 | volume = 243 | issue = | pages = 27--82 | pmid = | publisher = Pensoft Publishers | doi = 10.3897/zookeys.243.3990 | url = http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/3990/abstract | pmc = | accessdate = 2025-03-06 }} Versioned wiki page: 2012-11-16, version 28670, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Diachasmimorpha&oldid=28670 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.</ref> See also the citation download page at the journal.

Taxonavigation

Ordo: Hymenoptera
Familia: Braconidae

Name

Diachasmimorpha Viereck – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

• Diachasmimorpha Viereck, 1913: 641. Type species: Diachasmimorpha comperei Viereck, 1913 [a junior subjective synonym of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead, 1905)]. Monobasic and original designation.
• Biosteres (Parasteres) Fischer, 1967a: 3. Type species: Biosteres (Parasteres) acidusae Fischer, 1967a [a junior subjective synonym of Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Cameron, 1911)]. Original designation.
• Parasteres: Fischer 1971: 33 (change in rank). Synonymized under Biosteres by Wharton and Marsh (1978:154) and under Diachasmimorpha by Wharton (1987a: 62).

Diagnosis

Mandible without basal lobe ventrally. Labrum concealed. Occipital carina broadly absent dorsally, present or absent laterally. Propleuron ventral-laterally without oblique carina. Notauli deep, unsculptured or nearly so, well developed anteriorly, varying posteriorly from absent to deep and complete to midpit; midpit always present. Fore wing stigma short, broad, discrete posteriorly, r1 arising at or distad its midpoint; second submarginal cell short; m-cu arising from second submarginal cell. Hind wing RS absent basally, sometimes present as a weakly pigmented crease distally; 2M distinctly pigmented nearly to wing margin; m-cu present, well-developed. Dorsope absent.
The species of Diachasmimorpha are most readily recognized by the pattern of fore and hind wing venation (Figs 9, 16) in combination with the concealed labrum (Fig. 12), unsculptured notauli (Figs 11, 14, 19, 20), and lack of oblique carina on the propleuron (Fig. 23). The species of Doryctobracon Enderlein, endemic to the New World, are similar but have the fore wing m-cu interstitial or arising from the first submarginal cell and the labrum is partially exposed. Fopius Wharton, an Old World genus with species that have been introduced to the New World, is also similar. The species of Fopius differ by the presence of completely sculptured notauli and the presence of an oblique carina on the propleuron (Fig. 24).

Remarks

Both New and Old World species groups of Diachasmimorpha occur in Mexico. Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) and Diachasmimorpha tryoni, both representatives of the Old World longicaudata species group (Wharton 1997), were established in various parts of Mexico during biological control programs directed against tephritid pests primarily in the genus Anastrepha. Females of the Old World species are readily distinguished from New World Diachasmimorpha because of the sinuate ovipositor (Fig. 28). The notauli are also more deeply incised posteriorly in the longicaudata species group (Fig. 19, in contrast to Fig. 20), which facilitates identification of males in biological control and other tephritid pest management programs. The name Parasteres continues to be used by some authors, for example as a subgenus of Diachasmimorpha (Yu et al. 2012), but we continue to treat Diachasmimorpha tryoni and Diachasmimorpha longicaudata in the same species group based in part on ovipositor morphology. We therefore do not treat Parasteres as valid, nor do we recognize subgenera under Diachasmimorpha at this time.
New World species have previously been referred to as the mexicana species group (Wharton 1997), a use we continue here. Wharton (1997) noted, however, that there were two subgroups distinguished in part on the basis of relative loss of the occipital carina. Further examination and discovery of additional species provides support for the two subgroups. One of these subgroups consists of Diachasmimorpha juglandis (Muesebeck), Diachasmimorpha mellea (Gahan), and Diachasmimorpha sublaevis (Wharton). The occipital carina is generally better developed in this subgroup (usually readily visible laterally as in Fig. 2), the wings are hyaline, and the body is yellowish. As in the longicaudata species group, the anterior margin of the pronotum ventral-laterally is sharply excavated (Fig. 17). The second subgroup contains Diachasmimorpha mexicana (Cameron), Diachasmimorpha sanguinea (Ashmead), Diachasmimorpha hildagensis (Fischer), new combination, and the new species described below. In all of these species, the occipital carina is greatly reduced, present only as a short spur ventrally near the mandible (maximum extent shown in Fig. 4). These species also have infumate wings (Fig. 16) and the body tends to be orange rather than yellow. The anterior margin of the pronotum ventral-laterally is also more sinuate than abruptly excavated (Fig. 18). Detailed diagnoses are provided below for the three previously described species in this second subgroup, to facilitate comparison with the newly described species.

Key to species of Diachasmimorpha known from U.S. and Mexico

Key to species of Diachasmimorpha known from U.S. and Mexico — R. Wharton , L. Ward , I. Miko

1		Female (ovipositor clearly visible, extending well beyond apex of metasoma)    2
–		Male    10
2	(1)	Ovipositor distinctly sinuate subapically (Fig. 28)    3
–		Ovipositor straight or nearly so subapically (Fig. 29)    4
3	(2)	Metasomal tergum 2 distinctly striate medially (Fig. 21). Occipital carina well developed laterally, extending from base of mandible at least to mid eye height    Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead)
–		Metasomal tergum 2 without striae or other sculpture (Fig. 22). Occipital carina poorly developed to absent, not extending dorsally to lower eye margin    Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Cameron)
4	(2)	Head dark, at least on dorsal half (Fig. 9)    5
–		Head pale (Figs 2, 4), yellow or orange except sometimes ocellar field dark    7
5	(4)	Ovipositor (total length) about 2.5 times longer than mesosoma. Notaulus extending anteriorly to margin of mesoscutum (Figs 10, 27)    6
–		Ovipositor (total length) less than 2.0 times longer than mesosoma. Notaulus rarely extending anteriorly to margin of mesoscutum, usually terminating just before reaching margin (Fig. 32)    Diachasmimorpha norrbomi, sp. n.
6	(5)	Eye smaller than in Fig. 32, about 1.5–1.6 × longer than temple in lateral view    Diachasmimorpha hildagensis (Fischer)
–		Eye larger, 2.1–2.9 × longer than temple in lateral view (Fig. 33)    Diachasmimorpha martinalujai, sp. n.
7	(4)	Wings darkly infumate (as in Figs 16, 36). Occipital carina represented at most as in Fig 4, usually present as a short spur near mandible, otherwise absent    Diachasmimorpha sanguinea (Ashmead)
		Lead statement missing!    Note: mexicana (Cameron) also keys here but is known only from the male, which has a much smaller eye than that of sanguinea.
–		Wings hyaline (Fig. 20). Occipital carina present laterally at least to lower margin of eye, usually as in Fig. 2    8
8	(7, 14)	Metasomal tergum 2 distinctly striate medially (as in Fig. 21)    9
–		Metasomal tergum 2 without striae or other sculpture (as in Fig. 22)    Diachasmimorpha juglandis (Muesebeck)
9	(8)	Lead statement missing!    Precoxal sulcus distinctly impressed, usually broad but very weakly sculptured, nearly smooth (as in Fig. 38). Hosts are walnut husk flies in species of [[Juglans D. sublaevis|Juglans D. sublaevis]] (Wharton)
–		Precoxal sulcus distinctly impressed, broad, heavily sculptured: crenulate to foveolate (as in Fig. 17). Hosts are other species of Rhagoletis in other fruits    Diachasmimorpha mellea (Gahan)
10	(1)	Head black at least over dorsal half    11
–		Head pale, yellow to orange except ocellar triangle sometimes black    13
11	(10)	Eye in dorsal view as long as temple; eye in lateral view 1.3–1.4 × longer than temple    Diachasmimorpha hildagensis (Fischer)
–		Eye slightly larger, in dorsal view eye 1.4–1.9 × longer than temple, in lateral view 1.7–2.4 × longer than temple    12
12	(11)	Notaulus extending anteriorly to margin of mesoscutum (Fig. 27)    Diachasmimorpha martinalujai, sp. n.
–		Notaulus rarely extending anteriorly to margin of mesoscutum, usually terminating just before reaching margin (Fig. 32)    Diachasmimorpha norrbomi, sp. n.
13	(10)	Metasomal tergum 2 striate medially (Fig. 21)    14
–		Metasomal tergum 2 without striae or other sculpture (Fig. 22)    15
14	(13)	Notauli deep posteriorly as it nears midpit (Fig. 19)    Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead)
–		Notauli more shallow posteriorly as it nears midpit (Fig. 20)    8
15	(13)	Metasomal terga mostly black (Fig. 22)    Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Cameron)
–		Metasoma with at least terga 3–5 pale: yellow to orange    16
16	(15)	Wings hyaline    Diachasmimorpha juglandis (Muesebeck)
–		Wings darkly infumate    17
17	(16)	Eye larger, about 1.3–1.5 × longer than temple in lateral view    Diachasmimorpha sanguinea (Ashmead)
–		Eye smaller, subequal to temple in lateral view (Fig. 35)    Diachasmimorpha mexicana (Cameron)

Taxon Treatment

• Wharton, R; Ward, L; Miko, I; 2012: New neotropical species of Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) reared from fruit-infesting and leaf-mining Tephritidae (Diptera) with comments on the Diachasmimorpha mexicana species group and the genera Lorenzopius and Tubiformopius ZooKeys, 243: 27-82. doi

Images

Figures 1–4. Occipital carina. 1 Opius (Bellopius) bellus Gahan, carina completely absent 2 Diachasmimorpha mellea (Gahan), arrow at dorsal end of carina 3 Lorenzopius tubulatus (Fischer), holotype female, arrow at dorsal end of carina 4 Diachasmimorpha sanguinea (Ashmead), arrow at dorsal end of weak carina.  Figures 9–12. Diachasmimorpha hildagensis (Fischer), holotype male. 9 habitus 10 head and base of notaulus, lateral view 11 head, pronope, and base of notaulus, dorsal view 12 face.  Figures 13–16. Diachasmimorpha hildagensis (Fischer), holotype male. 13 mesosoma, lateral view, arrow showing anterior declivity of mesoscutum, bracket showing mesoscutal disc 14 head and mesonotum, dorsal view 15 propodeal sculpture 16 left fore and hind wings illustrating wing vein terminology.  Figures 17–20. Diachasmimorpha spp. 17 Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead), arrow showing sharply indented margin of pronotum laterally 18 Diachasmimorpha sanguinea (Ashmead), arrow showing less sharply indented margin of pronotum laterally 19 Diachasmimorpha longicaudata, dorsal view 20 Diachasmimorpha mellea (Gahan), dorsal view.  Figures 21–24. Propleuron and T2. 21 Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead), T2 with striae (arrow) 22 Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Cameron), T2 without sulpture 23 Diachasmimorpha longicaudata, propleuron without oblique carina 24 Fopius arisanus (Sonan), propleuron with oblique carina (arrow).  Figures 25–29. Diachasmimorpha spp. 25 Diachasmimorpha norrbomi Wharton sp. n., paratype female, habitus showing relatively shorter ovipositor 26 Diachasmimorpha martinalujai Wharton sp. n., holotype, habitus showing relatively longer ovipositor 27 Diachasmimorpha martinalujai paratype male, base of notaulus 28 Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Cameron) apex of ovipositor showing subapical sinuation 29 Diachasmimorpha norrbomi, paratype female, apex of ovipositor.  Figures 30–33. Diachasmimorpha spp., heads. 30 Diachasmimorpha norrbomi Wharton, sp. n., paratype female, face 31 Diachasmimorpha martinalujai Wharton, sp. n., paratype male, face 32 Diachasmimorpha norrbomi paratype female, lateral view 33 Diachasmimorpha martinalujai, holotype female, face.  Figures 34–37. Diachasmimorpha mexicana (Cameron), holotype male. 34 habitus 35 head, lateral view 36 wings, showing names of cells used in descriptions 37 face.  Figures 38–41. Diachasmimorpha spp. 38 Diachasmimorpha mexicana (Cameron) holotype male, mesopleuron 39 Diachasmimorpha sanguinea (Ashmead), male mesosoma, lateral view 40 Diachasmimorpha sanguinea habitus 41 Diachasmimorpha sanguinea, male head, lateral view.