Cunaxoides
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Ordo: Trombidiformes
Familia: Cunaxidae
Name
Cunaxoides Baker & Hoffmann, 1948 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
Historical review
Koch (1838)[1] described the first two Cunaxoides as Eupalus croceus and Eupalus minutissimus. Koch (1841)[2] described Eupalus vitellinus. Tragardh (1910)[3] described Eupalus minima. Ewing (1917)[4] described Eupalus parvus and its feeding on oyster-shell scale in the USA. Thor and Willmann (1941)[5] redescribed and figured Eupalus croceus, Eupalus minutissimus,? and Eupalus vitellinus. Nesbitt (1946)[6] described Eupalus biscutum. Garman (1948)[7] reported Eupalus biscutum from apple trees in Connecticut. Baker and Hoffmann (1948)[8] recognized that the name Eupalus was preoccupied and erected Cunaxoides to replace it; they transferred all known Eupalus to the new genus and figured each species. Haleupalus oliveri was described by Schruft (1971)[9]. Smiley (1975)[10] synonymized Cunaxoides vitellinus with Cunaxoides croceus and provided a translation of Thor and Willmann’s (1941)[5] description of Cunaxoides croceus. Den Heyer (1978c)[11] placed Cunaxoides as the type genus in the newly erected Cunaxoidinae; he also redescribed the genus and redescribed and designated a neotype for Cunaxoides croceus. Kuznetzov and Livshitz (1979)[12] described Cunaxoides ulcerosus, Cunaxoides longistriatus, Cunaxoides fidus and Cunaxoides desertus and reported and figured Cunaxoides biscutum, and Cunaxoides parvus from Russia. Gupta and Ghosh (1980)[13] described Cunaxoides nicobarensis. Cunaxoides kielczewskii was described by Michocka (1982)[14]. Smiley (1992)[15] synonymized Haleupalus oliveri with Cunaxoides biscutum, effectively synonymizing Haleupalus with Cunaxoides. Hu (1997)[16] reported Cunaxoides croceus and Cunaxoides ulcerosus from China. Sionti and Papadoulis (2003)[17] described Cunaxoides paracroceus from Greece. Bashir and Afzal (2004a)[18] described Cunaxoides trisetosis. Bashir et al. (2007)[19] described Cunaxoides sargodhaensis from Pakistan. Bashir and Afzal (2009)[20] described Cunaxoides daskaensis, Cunaxoides negans, and Cunaxoides sialkotensis Den Heyer et al. (2013)[21] described Cunaxoides decastroae and Cunaxoides lootsi.
Diagnosis
Gnathosoma. Pedipalps 3-segmented. Femurogenua at least twice as long as wide and complemented with 5 setae. Tibiotarsi at least twice as long as wide and usually complemented with 6 setae. A small apophysis present basally and a pointed process present near the terminal tip; a ridge present between the apophysis and pointed process. Subcapitulum with 6 pairs of setae (hg1–4 and 2 pairs of adoral setae) are present; setae hg4 longest. Chelicera without seta.
Idiosoma, dorsal. Proterosoma bears an ill-defined and weakly sclerotized shield which is complemented with 2 pairs of setae (lps and mps) and 2 pairs of setose sensillae (at and pt). The dorsal hysterosoma may or may not bear a plate; if a plate is present it is ill-defined and weakly sclerotized, may be complemented with a variable number of setae, and may or may not be fused with the proterosomal shield. Setae c1–h1, c2, and h2 are present. Cupule im present laterad and posterior of e1. Integument that is not covered in shields or plates is striated.
Idiosoma, ventral. Coxae weakly sclerotized and ill-defined; they can be recognized by possessing somewhat denser striations than the surrounding integument. Coxae I–II may be fused and may coalesce medially to form a sternal shield. Coxae III–IV may be fused. Each coxa is complemented with 2-4 setae. Genital plates each bear 4 setae (g1–4); 2 pairs of genital papillae visible underneath the plates. Anal plates bear one pair of setae; one pair of setae present ventrally on the integument near the anal plates. Up to 7 pairs of setae present on the integument between the coxal and genital plates. Cupule ih present ventrally laterad the integumental setae associated with the anal plates. Integument that is not covered in shields or plates is striated. Legs. Tarsi never constricted apically so as to end in lobes. Trichobothrium present on leg tibia IV. Ambulacral claws are rippled and occur on either side of a 4-rayed empodium.
Key to adult female Cunaxoides
The following species have not been included because the original descriptions and subsequent papers describing them (Thor and Willmann 1941[5]; Baker and Hoffmann 1948[8]) are not in English; known illustrations do not contain enough detail; and the types were not examined: Cunaxoides minima (Tragardh, 1910), Cunaxoides minutissimus (Koch, 1938), Cunaxoides vitellinus (Koch, 1941).
Taxon Treatment
- Skvarla, M; Fisher, J; Dowling, A; 2014: A review of Cunaxidae (Acariformes, Trombidiformes): Histories and diagnoses of subfamilies and genera, keys to world species, and some new locality records ZooKeys, 418: 1-103. doi
Images
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Other References
- ↑ Koch C (1838) Deutschlands Crustaceen, Myriapoden und Arachniden (D.C.M.A.), 20.21, 20.22, 20.23 and 20.24.
- ↑ Koch C (1841) Deutschlands Crustaceen, Myriapoden und Arachniden (D.C.M.A.), 37.23.
- ↑ Tragardh I (1910) Acariden aus dem Sarekgebirge. Naturwissenschaftliche untersuchungen des Sarekgebirges in Schwedisch-Lappland 4: 1–207.
- ↑ Ewing H (1917) New Acarina. Part II. Descriptions of new species and varieties from Iowa, Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 37(2): 149–172.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Thor S, Willmann C (1941) Eupodidae, Penthalodidae, Penthaleidae, Rhagidiidae, Pachygnathidae, Cunaxidae. In: Thor S Willmann C (Eds) Das Tierreich, Eine Zusammenstellung und Kennzeichung der rezenten Tierformen. Lieferung 71a. Walter De Gruyter and Co, Leipzig, 164–175.
- ↑ Nesbitt H (1946) Three new mites from Nova Scotian apple trees. Canadian Entomologist 78: 15–22. doi: 10.4039/Ent7815-1
- ↑ Garman P (1948) Mite species from apple trees in Connecticut. Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Bulletin 520, 27 pp.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Baker E, Hoffmann A (1948) Acaros de la familia Cunaxidae. Anales de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas Mexico 5(3–4): 229–273.
- ↑ Schruft G (1971) Haleupalus oliveri nov.spec., eine Dornpalpenmilbe an Reben (Vitis spec.) (Acari; Cunaxidae). Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift 18: 377–382.
- ↑ Smiley R (1975) A generic revision of the mites of the family Cunaxidae (Acarina). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 68(2): 227–244.
- ↑ Den Heyer J (1978c) A new cunaxid subfamily and the neotype designation of Cunaxoides croceus (Koch, 1838) (Prostigmata:Acari). Acarologia 20(3): 338–193.
- ↑ Kuznetzov N, Livshitz I (1979) Predatory mites of the Nikita Botanical Gardens (Acariformes: Bdellidae, Cunaxidae Camarobiidae). Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Nikitskogo Botanicheskogo Sada 79: 51–105.
- ↑ Gupta S, Ghosh S (1980) Some prostigmatid mites (Acarina) from Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 77: 189–213.
- ↑ Michocka S (1982) Two new species of the family Cunaxidae (Acari: Prostigmata) from Poland. Acarologia 23(4): 327–332.
- ↑ Smiley R (1992) The predatory mite family Cunaxidae (Acari) of the world with a new classification. Indira Publishing House, West Bloomington, Michigan, 356 pp.
- ↑ Hu S (1997) Cunaxid mites recorded in China. Journal of Ninbo Teachers College 15(1): 56–59.
- ↑ Sionti P, Papadoulis G (2003) Cunaxid mites of Greece (Acari: Cunaxidae). International Journal of Acarology 29(4): 315–325. doi: 10.1080/01647950308684347
- ↑ Bashir M, Afzal M (2004a) New record of the genus Cunaxoides Baker and Hoffmann (Acari: Cunaxidae) from Pakistan. Pakistan Entomologist 26(2): 25–27.
- ↑ Bashir M, Afzal M, Baker A, Raza M (2007) Record of a new species Cunaxoides sargodhaensis from leaf debris. Pakistan Entomologist 29(1): 43–48.
- ↑ Bashir M, Afzal M (2009) Mite fauna of family Cunaxidae (Acari) form Punjab, Pakistan. VDM Verlag Dr. Muller Aktiengesellschaft & Co., Saarbrucken, Germany, 322 pp.
- ↑ Den Heyer J, Ueckermann E, Khanjani M (2013) Iranian Cunaxidae (Acari: Prostigmata: Bdelloidea). Part III. Subfamily Cunaxoidinae. Journal of Natural History 47(31–32): 2049–2070.
