Cucujus haematodes caucasicus

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Taxonavigation

Ordo: Coleoptera
Familia: Cucujidae
Genus: Cucujus
Species: Cucujus haematodes

Name

Cucujus haematodes caucasicus Motschulsky, 1845 stat. n. – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

Note

At the beginning of this investigation we faced the possibility that the newly described taxon may belong to another already known form of the haematodes group. In Europe only a putative subspecies or relative of haematodes was known: Cucujus caucasicus Motschulsky, 1845. Horák and Chobot (2009) are of the opinion that: “The state of Cucujus haematodes caucasicus is more dubious, however, the main difference from the putative subspecies is the bright red color of the adult mandibles; also, the larval characters correspond with those of a separate species (Mamaev et al. 1977)”. The original description of Motschulsky sounds as follows: “Beaucup plus grand et plus allongé que le C. depressus, auquel il ressemble pour les couleurs et le fascies. Le corselet est plus transversal. J’ai pris cette belle espèce sur les Alpes du Caucase, sous l’écorce d’un hêtre”. There is no doubt that the “facies” of Cucujus caucasicus was the same of a Cucujus haematodes, but larger and with broader pronotum. Also the larval identification key of Mamaev et al. (1977) speaks for a separate species (or subspecies) status. Thus, we examined the male genitalia of three “caucasicus” individuals found in the National Museum of Prague.

Material examined

1 ♂ and 1 ♀: Caucasus, “Reitter. Leder.”, determined as: Cucujus haematodes v. caucasicus Motsch.”. 1 ♂: Caucasus, “Reitter. Leder.”, determined as: “ v. caucasicus – Det. Dr. Obenberger”. 1 ♂: Kaukasus, N. W. – Kuban – C. Rost, Berlin. – ex coll. J. Hlisnikowski. Determined as: “Cucujus haematodes Er.”. 1 ♀: Caucasus – Krasnaja Poljana – R. Rous legit. 6.1967. All individuals are conserved in NMP.

Diagnosis

A larger Cucujus haematodes with a broad pronotum, almost as wide as the head. Median lobe of the same general shape of Cucujus haematodes, but the apical process of the inner sac vertical, paddle like in lateral view.

Description

Length 16.0–15.5 mm, colour light red, as in Cucujus tulliae sp. n. or in Cucujus haematodes, mandibles yellow with brownish/black apex. Head slightly wider than pronotum, postgenae less protrudent sidewards and more rounded (Fig. 23). Prothorax anteriorly not restricted, as it happens in true Cucujus haematodes, and proportionally larger, the external borders with pronounced, evident teeth. Prosternal apophysis of the same shape of Cucujus haematodes, at the end shortly triangular.
Aedeagus of the same general form of Cucujus haematodes, but a little longer, (Figs 21–22), total length mm 5,2 – 5,3, median lobe ending with a vertically flattened apical process, in lateral view distinctly paddle shaped.

Distribution and habitat

This subspecies or allopatric species inhabits the Caucasian mountains – namely Georgia, Armenia and the three Russian regions – Republic of Adigeyia, Krasnodarskiy Kray and Stavropol’skiy Kray (Horák and Chobot 2009). Key to the adults of the European species of genus Cucujus Fabricius, 1775

Key to the adults of the European species of genus Cucujus Fabricius, 1775 — T. Bonacci , A. Mazzei , J. Horák , P. Brandmayr

1		Body bright red on the dorsal side, with exception of the apex of the mandibles, that are often lighter, orange. Pronotum entirely reddish, always somewhat restricted at the front border, sides with more or less protruding red teeth    2
–		Sides of pronotum, inner side of postgenae and mandibles black, mandibles before the apex somewhat lighter coloured. Maximum width of the pronotum at the front border, ventral side of the same part black, with a median yellow stripe that prolonges onto the prosternal apophysis. Head triangular, postgenae obliquely protruding backwards, occipital groove well marked and reaching postgenae, nevertheless deeper in the middle, where the punctuation is well developed. Body length 12–15.5 mm, median lobe of the aedeagus evidently restricted at the basis (Fig. 14)    Cucujus cinnaberinus Scop.
2		Pronotum robust, with distinct lateral spines, prosternal apophysis with parallel sides and short, triangular end (Fig. 8). Postgenae well developed, body length 13–16 mm    3
–		Pronotum more rounded, lateral borders with small, obtuse spines, on the head side restricted in a short neck. Pronotal apophysis ending with a prolonged, arrowhead like point (Fig. 12). Body length 11.5–12.5 mm    Cucujus tulliae sp. n.
3		Pronotum of normal size, distinctly narrower than the head, apical process of the median lobe tongue like, rounded at the tip (Fig. 17)    Cucujus haematodes Er.
–		Body size 15.5–16 mm, pronotum broad and robust, little smaller than the head at its posterior end. Postgenae well developed, but less protruding laterally and more backwards oriented, not surpassing the head width at the level of the eyes. Apical process of the median lobe compressed, paddle like (Fig. 22)    Cucujus haematodes caucasicus Motsch.

Taxon Treatment

• Bonacci, T; Mazzei, A; Horák, J; Brandmayr, P; 2012: Cucujus tulliae sp. n. – an endemic Mediterranean saproxylic beetle from genus Cucujus Fabricius, 1775 (Coleoptera, Cucujidae), and keys for identification of adults and larvae native to Europe ZooKeys, 212: 63-79. doi

Images

Figures 1–12. The three European Cucujus species, adults. 1–4 Cucujus cinnaberinus 1 Total body, dorsal view 2 Head 3 Pronotum 4 Prosternal apophysis 5–8 Cucujus haematodes 5 Total body, dorsal view 6 Head 7 Pronotum 8 Prosternal apophysis 9–12 Cucujus tulliae 9 Total body, dorsal view 10 Head 11 Pronotum 12 Prosternal apophysis.  Figures 13–22. Male genitalia of four Cucujus species/subspecies. 13–15 Cucujus cinnaberinus (Sila N. Park) 13 Median lobe and median strut with flagellum, dorsal view 14 Median lobe 15 flagellum “ball” inside the endophallus 16–18 Cucujus haematodes (Sila N. Park) 16 Median lobe and median strut with flagellum, dorsal view 17 Median lobe 18 Abdominal end of flagellum, with the basal part of the endophallus and genital duct 19–20 Cucujus tulliae (Sila N. Park) 19 Median lobe and median strut with flagellum removed 20 Median lobe 21–22 Cucujus caucasicus (“Caucasus”) 21 Median lobe and median strut with flagellum, dorsal view 22 Median lobe.  Figure 23. Cucujus haematodes caucasicus stat. nov.: dorsal view of male specimen. Locality: Kaukasus, N. W. – Kuban – lg. C. Rost, Berlin.