Coprosma cordicarpa
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Ordo: Gentianales
Familia: Rubiaceae
Genus: Coprosma
Name
Coprosma cordicarpa J. Cantley, Sporck-Koehler, & M. Chau – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Coprosma cordicarpa Cantley, Jason T., 2016, PhytoKeys 60: 36-38.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis. Differs from other currently recognized species of Coprosma in the Hawaiian Islands primarily by its cordiform fruits formed by a depressed apex and central constriction on female plants, and by large calyces (lobes 2-4 mm vs., for example, 0.25-2.00 mm of Coprosma stephanocarpa and Coprosma foliosa s.l.) on male flowers.
Description
Description. Shrubs to trees 2-7 m tall, with one to many main stems; young stems sparsely pubescent to puberulent; Seedlings and Juveniles with significantly more trichomes than mature individuals; Leaves opposite, blades 20-56 x 8-25 mm, lanceolate, both surfaces sparsely pilose or glabrous, midrib sparsely puberulent towards base, domatia present on abaxial surface in secondary vein axils, blade apex acute or sometimes rounded, base cuneate; petioles 5-12 mm long; stipules deltate 2-3 mm long, connate 25-50% of their length, base puberulent to lanate with band of glabrous tissue immediately below margin, margin lanate with a conspicuous apical colleter sometimes obscured by two marginal colleters. Inflorescences axillary; male inflorescences a 3-flowered cyme on an unbranched peduncle (3-)7-9(-17) mm long or sometimes trichotomously branched at base, with flowers terminal in groups of 3 on each branch, internodes 5-25 mm long, central branch up to twice as long; female inflorescence solitary, 3-7(-13) mm long or sometimes trichotomously branched at base with solitary flowers terminally occurring on lateral branches and central branch a 3-flowered cyme with sessile central flower, and two lateral flowers on short pedicels, internodes 5-25 mm long, central branch up to twice as long. Flowers: male calyx irregularly toothed, urceolate to campanulate in early development, becoming deeply split due to corolla growth, 2-4 mm long, sheathing basal 1/8-1/4 of the mature corolla, apex red-purple at maturity, corolla 5-6(-8)-merous, campanulate to widely funnelform, lobes 3 x 0.5 mm, stamens 5-6, inserted at base of corolla, filaments exserted to 7 mm, pendulous at maturity; female calyx irregularly toothed at margin, completely connate or nearly so, forming a cylindrical tube around the corolla or occasionally only 1/4 connate, 1.5-3.5 mm long, corolla 5-6-merous, narrowly funnelform to tubular, only lobes exerted beyond calyx, recurving 360 degrees at maturity, lobe apices often touching upper calyx near teeth, styles 2, divided to base, 3 cm long, ca. 0.5 mm diam. Fruit reddish-orange to lemony-yellow, sometimes with red to reddish-purple colored epidermal flecks, cordiform, tapering towards the base, 7-10 x 5-7 mm when dry, with central constriction (furrow) from base to apex present between two seeds, apex depressed between the two seeds, crowned with a conspicuous persistent calyx, drying brown. Seeds 2(-3) plano-convex pyrenes, yellowish-white, 2.3-6.3 x 2.5-5.0 mm x 1.0-3.0 mm, seed operculum 0.5-2.1 mm long.
Distribution
Distribution. Known only from southern, leeward slopes of East Maui (Haleakala) at elevations of approximately 1000-2000 m, roughly spanning east to west from the Kanaio Natural Area Reserve to the Kaupō Gap Trail. The linear distance is estimated at approximately 21 km, but populations may be disjunct, especially in poor, degraded habitat where ungulates and invasive plant species (i.e. Cenchrus clandestinus (Hochst. ex Choiv.) Morrone) are dominant. Known locations include Kanaio Natural Area Reserve, Auwahi, Kahikinui Forest Reserve, Nu'u, and the Kaupō Gap Trail. Modern observations of abundance (2013-2015) at Kanaio Natural Area Reserve, Auwahi and Kaupō Gap Trail indicate that it is locally common at all sites. Its present abundance in Nu'u and Kahikinui Forest Reserve is not known.
Etymology
Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the heart-shaped fruit, which is a product of the central constriction of the fruit and depressed apex. This character is unique among Hawaiian Coprosma taxa.
Taxon Treatment
- Cantley, Jason T.; Sporck-Koehler, Margaret J.; Chau, Marian M.; 2016: New and resurrected Hawaiian species of pilo (Coprosma, Rubiaceae) from the island of Maui, PhytoKeys 60: 36-38. doi
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