Coleoscirus
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Ordo: Trombidiformes
Familia: Cunaxidae
Name
Coleoscirus Berlese, 1916 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
Historical review
Berlese (1916)[1] erected Coleoscirus to accommodate two species, the type-species Coleoscirus halacaroides and Coleoscirus corniculatus. He had previously described two other species that would be assigned to the genus, Scirus curtipalpus (Berlese, 1888) and Scirus brevicornis (Berlese, 1905), but failed to recognize they belonged to Coleoscirus. Ewing (1917)[2] described Scirus simplex from refuse hog hair in Illinois, USA. Thor and Willmann (1941)[3] transferred Scirus curtipalpus, Scirus brevicornis, and Scirus simplex to Cunaxa and provided redescriptions and illustrations. Baker and Hoffmann (1948)[4] described Cunaxa mexicana, as well as redescribing and illustrating Cunaxa simplex, Coleoscirus curtipalpus, and Coleoscirus brevicornis. Zaher et al. (1975b)[5] reported Coleoscirus simplex from Egypt. Smiley (1975)[6] provided an English translation of Berlese’s (1916)[1] description of Coleoscirus but failed to include the genus in his key to genera; he also erected Pseudocunaxa for Cunaxa simplex and closely related species. Den Heyer (1978a)[7] erected Coleoscirinae, designating Coleoscirus as the type genus and described Coleoscirus magdalenae and Coleoscirus tuberculatus; he also synonymized Pseudocunaxa with Coleoscirus and Coleoscirus corniculatus with Coleoscirus curtipalpus. Shiba (1978)[8] described Cunaxa mizunoi. Tseng (1980)[9] erected Lapicunaxa horidula and Lapicunaxa monospinosus. Chaudhri (1980)[10] described Pseudocunaxa baptus. Den Heyer (1980b)[11] described Coleoscirus coatesi, Coleoscirus breslauensis, and Coleoscirus buartsus, and synonymized Coleoscirus magdalenae with Coleoscirus simplex. Den Heyer (1980c)[12] erected the tribes Coleoscirini for Coleoscirus and Scutascirus and Neoscirulini for Neoscirula and Pseudobonzia. Smiley (1992)[13] synonymized Lapicunaxa with Coleoscirus and transferred Cunaxa mizunoi and Pseudocunaxa baptus to Coleoscirus; he also synonymized Cunaxa mexicanus with Coleoscirus curtipalpus and provided a key to known world species. Coleoscirus carnus and Coleoscirus disparis were described by Muhammad and Chaudhri (1992a)[14]. Inayatullah and Shahid (1993)[15] described Pseudocunaxa carex, Pseudocunaxa mardi, and Pseudocunaxa kifayati, apparently unaware or ignoring that Den Heyer (1980) had synonymized Pseudocunaxa with Coleoscirus thirteen years earlier. Bu and Li (1987c)[16] reported Coleoscirus buartsus from China. Corpuz-Raros (1996d)[17] described six species of Coleoscirus: Coleoscirus intermedius, Coleoscirus barrioni, Coleoscirus dayamilocus, Coleoscirus bakeri, Coleoscirus leytensis, and Coleoscirus philippinensis. Hu (1997)[18] reported Coleoscirus monospinosus, Coleoscirus horidula, and Coleoscirus buartsus from China. Bashir, Afzal, and Khan (2006)[19] reaffirmed Den Heyer’s (1980) synonymization of Pseudocunaxa and Coleoscirus by treating Pseudocunaxa carex, Pseudocunaxa mardi and Pseudocunaxa kifayati as Coleoscirus and described Coleoscirus trudus; they also mention a second paper by Muhammad and Chaudhri (1992b)[20] that described two additional species of Coleoscirus from Pakistan that I have been unable to obtain. Lin et al. (2003)[21] reported Coleoscirus simplex from China. Fawzy (2007)[22] described Coleoscirus zaherii. Bashir, Afzal, and Khan (2008)[23] described Coleoscirus raviensis and Coleoscirus tobaensis. Bashir and Afzal (2009)[24] described Coleoscirus afzali.
Diagnosis
Gnathosoma. Pedipalps 5-segmented; basifemora and telofemora fused but retain a dark line which indicates the presence of the joint. Pedipalps extend beyond the subcapitulum by at most the apical half of the tibiotarsi. Pedipalp tibiotarsal tubercle plain, not bifurcate as in Scutascirus. Subcapitulum bears 6 pairs of setae: 2 pairs of adoral setae and 4 pairs of subcapitular setae (hg1–4).
Idiosoma, dorsal. Dorsal idiosoma heavily sclerotized and the plates well-demarcated. A single dorsal shield present; it may range in size from terminating anteriorly to cupule im to being holodorsal. No papillated line or other marking indicates the separation of the proterosomal and hysterosomal shields. 2 pairs of setae and 2 pairs of setose sensillae present on the proterosomal. Setae c1–h1, c2, and f2 and cupule im present dorsally. Dorsolateral plates (such as present in Scutascirus) absent.
Idiosoma, ventral. Coxae I–II fused and coalesce medially to form a sternal shield which often has a prominent apex caudally. Sternal plate complemented with 5–7 pairs of setae. Coxae III–IV fused and may extend laterally and caudally past the genital plates. Genital plates each bear 4 setae; 2 pairs of genital papillae visible underneath the plates. Anal plates bear two pairs of setae (ps1 and ps2). Seta h2 located ventrally near the anal plates. Cupule ih present in close proximity to h2. Legs shorter than the idiosoma, never constricted apically so as to end in lobes. The apices of solenidia, especially on tarsi I, may be swollen. Trichobothrium on leg tibia IV present. Ambulacral claws on either side of a four-rayed empodium present.
Males similar, except up to three shields or plates may occur on the dorsal idiosoma (that is the proterosomal shield may not be fused to a hysterosomal plate and up to two hysterosomal plates may be present) and coxae I–IV may be fused into a holoventral shield.
Key to adult female Coleoscirus
Coleoscirus brevicornis (Berlese) has been excluded from the key as the original publication (Berlese 1904[25]) and subsequent publication detailing the species (Thor and Willmann 1941[3]) are in Italian and German and the accompanying illustrations provide too little detail. Den Heyer (1978b)[26] is the last author to mention the species, but only indicates that it belongs to the genus Coleoscirus.
Coleoscirus carex, Coleoscirus kifayati, and Coleoscirus mardi have been excluded from the key as the authors did not provide enough information in the original descriptions to include them.
Coleoscirus zaherii is not included in the key as, despite the best efforts of the authors and the University of Arkansas Interlibrary Loan Department, the description could not be obtained.
Taxon Treatment
- Skvarla, M; Fisher, J; Dowling, A; 2014: A review of Cunaxidae (Acariformes, Trombidiformes): Histories and diagnoses of subfamilies and genera, keys to world species, and some new locality records ZooKeys, 418: 1-103. doi
Images
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Other References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Berlese A (1916) Centuria secunda di Acari nuovi. Redia 12(1): 125–177.
- ↑ Ewing H (1917) New Acarina. Part II. Descriptions of new species and varieties from Iowa, Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 37(2): 149–172.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Thor S, Willmann C (1941) Eupodidae, Penthalodidae, Penthaleidae, Rhagidiidae, Pachygnathidae, Cunaxidae. In: Thor S Willmann C (Eds) Das Tierreich, Eine Zusammenstellung und Kennzeichung der rezenten Tierformen. Lieferung 71a. Walter De Gruyter and Co, Leipzig, 164–175.
- ↑ Baker E, Hoffmann A (1948) Acaros de la familia Cunaxidae. Anales de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas Mexico 5(3–4): 229–273.
- ↑ Zaher M, Soliman Z, El-Bishlawy S (1975b) Studies on population dynamics of soil predaceous prostigmatid mites in Giza, Egypt. Zeitschrift fur angewandte entomologie 79: 440–443.
- ↑ Smiley R (1975) A generic revision of the mites of the family Cunaxidae (Acarina). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 68(2): 227–244.
- ↑ Den Heyer J (1978a) Four new species of Armascirus gen. nov. (Prostigmata: Acari) from the Ethiopian Region. Journal of the Entomological Society of South Africa 41(2): 217–239.
- ↑ Shiba M (1978) Taxonomic investigation on free-living Prostigmata from the Malay Peninsula. Nature and Life in South East Asia 7: 83–229.
- ↑ Tseng Y (1980) Taxonomical study of the mite family Cunaxidae from Taiwan (Acarina: Tromoidiformes). Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum 33(3-4): 253–277.
- ↑ Chaudhri W (1980) Studies on the biosystematics and control of mites of field crops, vegetables and fruit plants in Pakistan, second annual report. University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 80.
- ↑ Den Heyer J (1980b) Six new species of the subfamily Coleoscirinae (Cunaxidae: Actinedida: Acarida). Phytophylactica 12: 105–128.
- ↑ Den Heyer J (1980c) A new classification system for the family Cunaxidae (Actinedida: Acarida). Publications of the University of the North Series A 23: 1–12.
- ↑ Smiley R (1992) The predatory mite family Cunaxidae (Acari) of the world with a new classification. Indira Publishing House, West Bloomington, Michigan, 356 pp.
- ↑ Muhammad T, Chaudhri W (1992a) Two new mite species of genus Coleoscirus Berlese (Acarinia: Cunaxidae) from Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 24(4): 309–311.
- ↑ Inayatullah , Shahid M (1993) Three new predatory mites of the genus Pseudocunaxa Smiley (Acarina: Cunaxidae) from Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 25(4): 315–320.
- ↑ Bu G, Li L (1987c) List of cunaxids fround in Sichuan, China (Acariformes: Cunaxidae). Journal of Southwest Agricultural University 9: 384–387.
- ↑ Corpuz-Raros L (1996d) Philippine predatory mites of the family Cunaxidae (Acari). Genus Coleoscirus Berlese. Asia Life Sciences 5(1): 1–25.
- ↑ Hu S (1997) Cunaxid mites recorded in China. Journal of Ninbo Teachers College 15(1): 56–59.
- ↑ Bashir M, Afzal M, Khan B (2006) A new species Coleoscirus trudus (Acari: Cunaxidae) from Pakistan. Pakistan Entomologist 28(2): 73–77.
- ↑ Muhammad T, Chaudhri W (1992b) Genus Coleoscirus Berlese (Cunaxidae: Acarina) from Pakistan. Pakistan Entomologist 14(1–2): 97–103.
- ↑ Lin J, Zhang Y, Ji J (2003) A new species of Neocunaxoides from Fujian, China (Acari: Cunaxidae). Systematic and Applied Acarology 8: 101–106.
- ↑ Fawzy M (2007) Two new species of cunaxid mites on cotton and castor plants from Egypt (Actinedida: Cunaxidae). Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 85(6): 2065–?
- ↑ Bashir M, Afzal M, Khan B (2008) Genus Armascirus (Acari: Prostigmata: Cunaxidae) from Pakistan. Belgian journal of Zoology 138(2): 115–127.
- ↑ Bashir M, Afzal M (2009) Mite fauna of family Cunaxidae (Acari) form Punjab, Pakistan. VDM Verlag Dr. Muller Aktiengesellschaft & Co., Saarbrucken, Germany, 322 pp.
- ↑ Berlese A (1904) Acari Nuovi. Redia 2: 231–238.
- ↑ Den Heyer J (1978b) Coleoscirinae, a new cunaxid subfamily and two new South African species of Coleoscirus Berlese, 1916 (Prostigmata: Acari). Acarologia 20(4): 522–541.
