Chrysis

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Taxonavigation

Ordo: Hymenoptera
Familia: Chrysididae

Name

Chrysis Linnaeus, 1761 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

• Chrysis Linnaeus, 1761: 414.
• Chrysogona Förster, 1853: 327.
• Tetrachrysis Lichtenstein, 1876: 27.
• Hexachrysis Lichtenstein, 1876: 27.

Note

With more than a thousand currently recognised species, Chrysis is the largest and most heterogeneous genus of Chrysididae. It is best defined by a combination of several variable and non-unique characters, such as the closed or nearly closed forewing marginal cell, the usually four- or six-toothed posterior margin of T3, and the usually distinct transverse frontal carina on the frons. Members of the genus parasitise a wide range of solitary wasps and bees in the families Vespidae, Sphecidae, Crabronidae, Megachilidae and Apidae. They are found worldwide, but the vast majority of species is found in the Holarctic and Afrotropical Regions. The European fauna consists of nearly 190 species and numerous subspecies (Rosa and Soon 2012). Up to now, 35 species have been found in the Nordic and Baltic countries (Paukkunen et al. 2014). The genus was first formally divided into species-groups by Linsenmaier (1959). Our classification of the species-groups follows Kimsey and Bohart (1991). Key to Chrysis species of the Nordic and Baltic countries

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Note — J. Paukkunen , A. Berg , V. Soon , F. Ødegaard , P. Rosa

1		Posterior margin of T3 medially pointed or rounded without teeth (Fig. 77)    2
–		Posterior margin of T3 with distinct teeth or angular prominences (Figs 78–88)    4
2		Posterior margin of T3 almost evenly rounded, medially not pointed. Mesoscutum medially dark blue or blackish and laterally green or blue with golden reflections    Chrysis gracillima Förster
–		Posterior margin of T3 medially somewhat pointed (Fig. 77). Mesoscutum completely red or golden greenish, medially not darker than laterally    3
3		Scapal basin largely smooth (female) or finely punctured (male) without fine cross-ridging. Mesoscutellum blue. Larger species, 4–8 mm    Chrysis succincta Linnaeus
–		Scapal basin medially with fine cross-ridging in both sexes (Fig. 150). Mesoscutellum golden red or greenish-golden. Smaller species, 3–6 mm    Chrysis leachii Shuckard
4		Medial teeth on the posterior margin of T3 extending distinctly further posteriorly than lateral teeth, and usually located in close proximity (Fig. 78)    5
–		Medial teeth on the posterior margin of T3 not extending distinctly further posteriorly than lateral teeth, and/or not located in close proximity (Fig. 79–88)    7
5		Mesoscutum blue or blackish. Second metatarsomere at least 3.5 times as long as broad (Fig. 171)    Chrysis westerlundi Trautmann
–		Mesoscutum golden red or golden green. Second metatarsomere at most 2.5 times as long as broad    6
6		Malar space shorter, at most 0.75 times basal width of mandible (Fig. 138). Punctation of T2 dense. Metascutellum raised medially. Black spots of S2 strongly oblique posteriorly in female (Fig. 110)    Chrysis bicolor Lepeletier
–		Malar space longer, in profile equal to basal width of mandible (Fig. 139). Punctation of T2 sparser. Metascutellum flat medially. Black spots of S2 not strongly oblique posteriorly in female (Fig. 111)    Chrysis illigeri Wesmael
7		Posterior margin of T3 with six teeth (Figs 80–81)    8
–		Posterior margin of T3 with four teeth, these sometimes only shallow projections (Figs 79, 82–88)    10
8		Metasoma dorsally purple red. Lateral teeth of T3 sharp (Fig. 81)    Chrysis sexdentata Christ
–		Metasoma multicoloured, T1 and T2 dark blue or black with golden green or golden red bands posteriorly. Lateral teeth of T3 rounded (Fig. 80)    9
9		Black spots of S2 fused and short, not or only slightly extending to lateral margins of sternite (Fig. 112). Ovipositor relatively broad and strongly chitinised (Fig. 89). T5 of female with transverse striae and longitudinal medial groove (Fig. 89). Head distinctly wider than high (Fig. 151). Male genitalia with broad notch between parameres, gonostyle very short and cuspis apically curved (Fig. 134). Propodeal tooth slightly convex or straight ventrally    Chrysis equestris Dahlbom
–		Black spots of S2 fused and broad, widely extending to the lateral margins of the sternite (Fig. 113). Ovipositor narrow and weakly chitinised (Fig. 90). T5 of female without transverse striae and medial groove (Fig. 90). Head only slightly wider than high (Fig. 152). Male genitalia with narrow notch between parameres, gonostyle apically elongated (as long as cuspis) and cuspis apically straight (Fig. 135). Propodeal tooth weakly lobate ventrally    Chrysis zetterstedti Dahlbom
10		Metasoma completely blue or blue-green, without red colour    11
–		Metasoma not completely blue or blue-green, always with red or golden colour    12
11		Mesoscutum medially not darker than laterally. Black spots of S2 large and long, almost extending to middle of sternite. T3 of female with distinct transverse bulge anterior to pit row. Male with short triangular apical teeth separated by wide intervals (Fig. 83). Ovipositor narrow (as in Fig. 92)    Chrysis iris Christ
–		Mesoscutum distinctly darker medially than laterally (Fig. 156). Black spots of S2 smaller, distinctly separated in the middle. T3 of female without transverse bulge anterior to pit row. Male with spiniform apical teeth separated by narrow intervals (Fig. 82). Ovipositor broad (as in Fig. 91)    Chrysis indigotea Dufour & Perris
12		T1 blue, T2 entirely golden red (female) or with large dark blue dorsal spot (male) (Fig. 93)    Chrysis fulgida Linnaeus
–		Both T1 and T2 golden red or reddish    13
13		T3 completely green, blue or violet, in contrast with colour of T1 and T2    14
–		T3 golden red or reddish, at most with blue or violet apical rim    17
14		Mesosoma dorsally bright red    15
–		Mesosoma dorsally blue-green or blue-violet    16
15		Setae medially on metatibia longer than width of tibia (Fig. 166). Head completely blue-green or blue-violet. Mesoscutum completely red in male    Chrysis viridula Linnaeus
–		Setae medially on metatibia shorter than width of tibia (Fig. 165). Head dorsally red in female. Mesoscutum medially green or blue in male    Chrysis pulcherrima Lepeletier
16		Body slender, metasoma narrower (Fig. 94). T2 without or with very weak longitudinal keel medially (Fig. 94), posteriorly without lifted margin. Punctation of T2 relatively fine and sparse, interstices as large as or larger than puncture diameter (Fig. 94). Head in frontal view as wide as high. Black spots of S2 three quarters length of sternite    Chrysis rutilans Olivier
–		Body robust, metasoma broader (Fig. 95). T2 with a distinct smooth longitudinal keel medially (Fig. 95), posteriorly with slightly raised margin. Punctation of T2 relatively coarse and dense, interstices smaller than puncture diameter (Fig. 95). Head in frontal view slightly wider than high. Black spots of S2 half of length of sternite (Fig. 114)    Chrysis splendidula Rossi
17		Apical rim of T3 blue or violet, remaining tergite red    18
–		Apical rim of T3 golden red, of same colour as remaining tergite    19
18		Meso- and metascutellum golden red    Chrysis scutellaris Fabricius
–		Mesosoma entirely blue-violet    Chrysis graelsii Guérin-Méneville
19		Spurs of metatibia approximately equal in length (Fig. 167). Female metatarsus shorter than metatibia, second tarsomere twice as long as broad in lateral view (Fig. 169). Mandible thicker (in male, medial width of mandible about two thirds of its basal width; in female, medial width of mandible more than half of its basal width), with or without subapical tooth. Flagellomeres distinctly nodular in female (Fig. 172)    20
–		Spurs of metatibia distinctly unequal in length (Fig. 168). Female metatarsus longer than metatibia, second tarsomere at least three times longer than broad in lateral view (Fig. 170). Mandible thinner (in male, medial width of mandible less than two thirds of its basal width; in female, medial width of mandible not more than half of its basal width), always without subapical tooth. Flagellomeres not distinctly nodular in female    21
20		Mandible with subapical tooth (Fig. 155). Female mesoscutum laterally with scattered punctation (Fig. 157)    Chrysis brevitarsis Thomson
–		Mandible without subapical tooth. Female mesoscutum laterally with dense punctation    Chrysis pseudobrevitarsis Linsenmaier
21		Pronotum short, length less than one fourth of its width (Fig. 159). Malar space long, approximately as long as broad in female (Fig. 140), and somewhat shorter in male. F1 of antenna without metallic sheen. Frons with dense adpressed white pubescence    22
–		Pronotum longer, length at least one fourth of its width (Figs 158, 160–164). Malar space short, shorter than broad in both female (Figs 141–144) and male (Figs 145–149). F1 with metallic sheen (often very weak). Frons usually with sparser and more erect pubescence    23
22		Punctation of tergites very fine and dense throughout, punctures of uniform size, surface dull (Fig. 96). Sternites and legs ventrally coppery red    Chrysis ruddii Shuckard
–		Punctation of tergites coarser and sparser, punctures of variable size, surface shiny (Fig. 97). Sternites and legs ventrally always greenish (Fig. 115)    Chrysis vanlithi Linsenmaier
23		Frontal carina with four tooth-like tubercles medially (Figs 153, 154). Punctation of tergites coarse throughout (as in Figs 104, 105). Head and mesosoma dorsally with white pubescence. Apical teeth of T3 relatively long and sharp (as in Figs 104, 105)    Chrysis terminata Dahlbom
–		Frontal carina without four tooth-like tubercles. Punctation of tergites, colour of pubescence and shape of apical teeth variable    24
24		Pronotum and mesoscutellum uniformly greenish (Fig. 162). T1 anteriorly and laterally blue-green or green, dorsally golden red (Fig. 98). Shape of metasoma broad and compact (Fig. 98). Apical rim short and intervals between apical teeth shallow (Fig. 98)    Chrysis clarinicollis Linsenmaier
–		Pronotum blue or violet framed by lighter colour, mesoscutellum medially darker than laterally (Figs 158, 160, 161, 163, 164). T1 laterally golden red or only slightly greenish, dorsally golden red. Shape of metasoma, apical rim and apical teeth variable (Figs 99–107)    25
25		Female. With ovipositor. Posterior margin of S4 opaque and angled (Figs 116–124). T3 dorsally straight or concave in lateral view (Fig. 109)    26
–		Male. Without ovipositor. Posterior margin of S4 semitransparent and almost straight (Figs 125–133). T3 dorsally convex in lateral view (Fig. 108)    36
26		T2 and T3 laterally completely dull, with dense coriaceous microsculpture between punctures (Fig. 109). Elongate and usually large species, ovipositor thin (as in Fig. 92), S2 red with long black spots (Fig. 117)    Chrysis subcoriacea Linsenmaier
–		T2 and T3 laterally with shiny surface between punctures (as in Fig. 108). Body shape, breadth of ovipositor and colouration of S2 variable    27
27		Mandible extremely thin (in lateral view, medially as broad as apical segment of labial palp) (Fig. 142), dorsally smooth and impunctate. Body slender and elongate, metasoma with almost parallel sides (as in Fig. 99). S2 greenish with short, rounded black spots (Fig. 118). Mesoscutum laterally with wide, strongly shining interstices between punctures    Chrysis leptomandibularis Niehuis
–		Mandible thicker (in lateral view, medially broader than apical segment of labial palp), dorsally always punctate. Shape of body, colouration of S2 and punctation of mesoscutum variable    28
28		Body slender and elongate, metasoma with almost parallel sides (Fig. 99). Punctation of T2 anteriorly finer than on T1, posteriorly very sparse (Fig. 99). T3 long, deeply depressed medially and strongly shining. Apical teeth short and blunt, with a wide and shallow central interval (Fig. 99). S2 with rectangular black spots and golden red colour (Fig. 119). Ovipositor narrow (as in Fig. 92)    Chrysis angustula Schenck
–		Body not as slender and elongate (Figs 100–104, 106). Punctation of T2 variable (Figs 100–104, 106). T3 shorter, more shallowly depressed medially and not as strongly shining. Apical teeth longer and/or sharper, shape of central interval variable (Figs 100–104, 106). Black spots of S2 not as distinctly rectangular, colouration variable (Figs 116, 120–124). Ovipositor narrow (Fig. 92) or broad (Fig. 91)    29
29		Ovipositor broad (T5 broader than long) (Fig. 91), often only its apex exerted (Fig. 100). S2 blue-green with relatively short and rounded black spots (Fig. 120). Mandible thick (in lateral view, medial width of mandible about half of its basal width) (as in Fig. 144). Apical rim of T3 long and central interval between apical teeth often angular    30
–		Ovipositor narrow (T5 longer than broad) (Fig. 92). Colouration of S2 (Figs 116, 121–124) and thickness of mandible variable (Figs 141, 143, 144). Apical rim usually shorter and central interval more widely arcuate    31
30		Metasoma broader, with slightly convex sides (Fig. 100). Punctation of T2 anteriorly sparser and finer, with shining interstices (Fig. 100). T3 with slightly sparser punctation, its surface thereby shinier (Fig. 100). Head narrower, in frontal view only slightly broader than high. Colour of mesosoma lighter and more greenish. Usually larger species. Hosts soil-nesting species of Odynerus    Chrysis mediata Linsenmaier
–		Metasoma more elongate, with more parallel sides (Fig. 101). Punctation of T2 anteriorly denser and coarser, without shining interstices (Fig. 101). T3 with dense punctation, its surface dull (Fig. 101). Head broader, in frontal view distinctly broader than high. Colour of mesosoma darker and more bluish. Usually smaller species. Hosts cavity-nesting species of Ancistrocerus and Euodynerus    Chrysis solida Haupt
31		Metasoma elongate with almost parallel sides (Figs 102, 103). S2 with long and narrow black spots (Figs 121, 123). Mandible thicker (medial width of mandible about half of its basal width) (Fig. 144)    32
–		Metasoma with more convex sides (Figs 104, 106). S2 with shorter black spots (Figs 116, 122, 124). Mandible thinner (medial width of mandible less than half of its basal width) (Figs 141, 143)    33
32		T2 anteriorly with dense, deep and coarse punctation, punctures becoming much sparser and finer posteriorly (Fig. 102). T3 shiny, without microsculpture (Fig. 102). S2 red (Fig. 121).Mandible longer and thinner. Metascutellum medially flat. Usually larger species    Chrysis longula Abeille de Perrin
–		T2 anteriorly with somewhat sparser and finer punctation, punctures becoming slightly sparser and finer posteriorly (Fig. 103). T3 shiny or with weak microsculpture (Fig. 103). S2 greenish (Fig. 123). Mandible shorter and thicker. Metascutellum medially more convex. Usually smaller species    Chrysis corusca Valkeila
33		Apical teeth of T3 sharply produced and apical rim with almost parallel lateral margins (Fig. 104). Punctation of T2 and T3 coarse throughout (Fig. 104). Pubescence of vertex whitish. S2 green or blue with rectangular black spots (Fig. 122). Mesoscutum shiny blue or greenish, punctures of same colour as interstices (Fig. 163). Medial furrow of pronotum narrow (Fig. 163)    Chrysis ignita (Linnaeus)
–		Apical teeth of T3 not as sharply produced and apical rim with more angled lateral margins (Figs 84, 106). Punctation of T2 and T3 finer (Figs 84, 106). Pubescence of vertex whitish or brownish. Colouration of S2 (Figs 116, 124) and mesoscutum (Figs 158, 164) variable. Medial furrow of pronotum broader (Figs 158, 164)    34
34		Mandible very thin (medial width of mandible not more than one third of its basal width), basally strongly narrowing in lateral view (Fig. 143). Scapal basin with sparse and well defined punctation. Vertex with light brown pubescence. T3 relatively dull with distinct microsculpture between punctures. Mesoscutum dark blue to almost black. Metasoma usually more elongate    Chrysis schencki Linsenmaier
–		Mandible thicker (medial width of mandible more than one third of its basal width), gradually narrowing towards the apex (Fig. 141). Scapal basin with denser and more coriaceous punctation. Vertex with brown or whitish pubescence. T3 usually shinier. Colour of mesoscutum variable (Figs 164, 158, 179). Metasoma usually broader and more compact    35
35		Mesoscutum laterally with green or blue punctures and black interstices (Fig. 164). Punctures relatively large (Fig. 164). F1 1.3–1.5 times as long as F2. S2 posteriorly usually red with relatively rounded black spots (Fig. 116). Pubescence of vertex brownish    Chrysis impressa Schenck
–		Mesoscutum entirely blue, violet or black, punctures and interstices generally of same colour (Figs 158, 179). Punctures smaller (Figs 158, 179). F1 1.5–1.7 times as long as F2. S2 dark green or blue with almost rectangular black spots (Fig. 124). Pubescence of vertex whitish or light brown    Chrysis borealis sp. n.
36		(Males.) Mandible thin (medial width of mandible about one third of its basal width) (Fig. 145), dorsally smooth, without or with only barely visible punctures. Body small and slender, metasoma elongate with almost parallel sides (habitus similar to Chrysis angustula). S2 greenish with short rounded black spots (Fig. 127). Posterior margin of propodeal tooth virtually straight and perpendicular to body axis    Chrysis leptomandibularis Niehuis
–		Mandible thicker (medial width of mandible more than one third of its basal width), its dorsal surface always with small punctures. Body size and shape variable. Colouration of S2 variable (Figs 125, 126, 128–133). Posterior margin of propodeal tooth straight, convex or concave    37
37		Colour of S2 golden or reddish, with long rectangular black spots (Fig. 126). Body slender, metasoma with approximately parallel sides (habitus similar to Chrysis leptomandibularis). Punctation of T2 anteriorly usually finer than on T1, becoming sparser posteriorly, surface thereby strongly shining. T3 shiny, transition of lateral margin into lateral apical teeth straight, apical rim and teeth short (Fig. 86)    Chrysis angustula Schenck
–		Colour of S2 variable, black spots usually not rectangular (Figs 125, 128–133). Body usually more robust, metasoma with more convex sides. Punctation of T2 anteriorly slightly finer or as coarse as on T1, surface posteriorly not as shining. T3 shiny or dull, transition of lateral margin into lateral apical teeth straight or concave, apical rim and teeth longer (Figs 85, 87–88)    38
38		Inner margin of paramere angled (Fig. 137). Punctation of T2 anteriorly usually finer than on T1. T3 with very fine and regular punctation. S2 usually greenish with relatively short black spots (Fig. 125). Mandible relatively thick (in lateral view, medial width of mandible more than half of its basal width)    39
–		Inner margin of paramere rounded (Fig. 136). Punctation of T2 anteriorly usually not finer than on T1. T3 with coarser and/or more irregular punctation. S2 green, golden or red with often larger black spots (Figs 128–133). Mandible thick or thin    40
39		The following two species are not always separable. Metasoma with slightly convex sides (approximately as in Fig. 100). Head narrower, in frontal view only slightly broader than high. Colour of mesosoma predominantly lighter, often greenish. Usually larger species. Hosts soil-nesting species of Odynerus    Chrysis mediata Linsenmaier
–		Metasoma with more parallel sides (approximately as in Fig. 101). Head narrower, in frontal view distinctly broader than high. Colour of mesosoma predominantly darker, violet, blue or blue-green. Usually smaller species. Hosts cavity-nesting species of Ancistrocerus and Euodynerus    Chrysis solida Haupt
40		Mandible thick (medial width of mandible more than half of its basal width), its margins basally straight in lateral view (Fig. 146). T3 relatively shiny, transgression of lateral margin into lateral apical teeth straight (Fig. 87) or slightly concave (Fig. 88). F1 longer than F2 (Figs 173–174). Metasoma with more parallel sides    41
–		Mandible thinner (medial width of mandible not more than half of its basal width), its margins basally more or less concave in lateral view (Figs 147–149). T3 relatively dull, transgression of lateral margin into lateral apical teeth slightly (Fig. 85) or strongly concave (Fig. 105). F1 longer than or as long as F2 (Figs 175–178). Metasoma with more convex sides    43
41		S2 mainly green, its pubescence dense and long (Fig. 128). F1 distally without or with a very shallow, inconspicuous impression (Fig. 173). Propodeal tooth usually laterally straight or convex    Chrysis corusca Valkeila
–		S2 mainly red or golden, its pubescence variable (Fig. 129). F1 distally with a shallow impression (Fig. 174). Propodeal tooth usually laterally concave    42
42		Pronotum without sharply contrasting border between the darker middle part and the lighter margins (Fig. 160). Punctation of T2 anteriorly coarse or relatively fine. Transgression of lateral margin of T3 into lateral apical teeth straight (Fig. 87). Central interval of apical teeth more angulate, and pits of apical rim smaller (Fig. 87)    Chrysis subcoriacea Linsenmaier
–		Pronotum usually with sharply contrasting border between the darker middle part and the lighter margins (Fig. 161). Punctation of T2 anteriorly coarse. Transgression of lateral margin of T3 into lateral apical teeth slightly concave (Fig. 88). Central interval of apical teeth more arcuate, and pits of apical rim larger (Fig. 88)    Chrysis longula Abeille de Perrin
43		F1 approximately as long as or slightly (not more than 1.2×) longer than F2 (Fig. 175). T2 coarsely punctured throughout (Fig. 105). Punctation of T3 coarse and dense (Fig. 105). Apical teeth of T3 long and sharp (Fig. 105). Pubescense of T3 relatively long. Main colour of sternites green (Fig. 130). Black spots of S2 relatively large and rectangular (Fig. 130). Pubescence of vertex often whitish (Fig. 147)    Chrysis ignita (Linnaeus)
–		F1 1.2–1.5 times as long as F2 (Figs 176–178). T2 more finely punctured, punctures becoming slightly sparser posteriorly (Fig. 107). Punctation of T3 finer (Figs 85, 107). Apical teeth of T3 not as sharp (Figs 85, 107). Pubescense of T3 relatively short. Main colour of sternites variable (Figs 131–133). Black spots of S2 not as rectangular (Figs 131–133). Pubescence of vertex usually brownish (Figs 148, 149)    44
44		The following three species are not always separable. Mandible thinner, its margins basally concave in lateral view (Fig. 148). F1 1.2–1.4 times as long as F3 (Fig. 176). Sternites usually golden green or golden red (Fig. 131). Size of black spots of S2 variable (Fig. 131)    Chrysis schencki Linsenmaier
–		Mandible thicker, its margins basally almost straight in lateral view (Fig. 149). F1 1.2–1.5 times as long as F2 (Figs 177–178)    45
45		F1 1.2–1.4 times as long as F2 (Fig. 177). Size of black spots of S2 variable (Fig. 132). Punctation of mesoscutum coarser, punctures often with lighter colour compared to interstices    Chrysis impressa Schenck
–		F1 1.3–1.5 times as long as F2 (Fig. 178). Black spots of S2 large (Fig. 133). Punctation of mesoscutum finer, punctures not differing in colour from interstices    Chrysis borealis sp. n.

Taxon Treatment

• Paukkunen, J; Berg, A; Soon, V; Ødegaard, F; Rosa, P; 2015: An illustrated key to the cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) of the Nordic and Baltic countries, with description of a new species ZooKeys, (548): 1-116. doi

Images

Figures 2–10. Tarsal claw: 2 Pseudomalus triangulifer 3 Holopyga generosa 4 Hedychrum nobile 5 Hedychridium roseum 6 Chrysis longula. Forewing: 7 Holopyga generosa 8 Hedychridium ardens 9 Pseudospinolia neglecta 10 Chrysis impressa, a and c radial sector vein, b medial vein, d medial cell.  Figures 77–92. T3, dorsal view: 77 Chrysis succincta ♀ 78 Chrysis illigeri ♀ 79 Chrysis viridula ♀ 80 Chrysis equestris ♀ 81 Chrysis sexdentata ♀ 82 Chrysis indigotea ♂ 83 Chrysis iris ♂ 84 Chrysis impressa ♀ 85 Chrysis impressa ♂ 86 Chrysis angustula ♂ 87 Chrysis subcoriacea ♂ 88 Chrysis longula ♂. Ovipositor, dorsal view: 89 Chrysis equestris ♀ 90 Chrysis zetterstedti ♀ 91 Chrysis solida ♀ 92 Chrysis impressa ♀. Scale 1 mm.  Figures 93–101. Metasoma, dorsal view: 93 Chrysis fulgida ♂ 94 Chrysis rutilans ♀ 95 Chrysis splendidula ♀ 96 Chrysis ruddii ♀ 97 Chrysis vanlithi ♀ 98 Chrysis clarinicollis ♀ 99 Chrysis angustula ♀ 100 Chrysis mediata ♀ 101 Chrysis solida ♀. Scale 1 mm.  Figures 102–109. Metasoma, dorsal view: 102 Chrysis longula ♀ 103 Chrysis corusca ♀ 104 Chrysis ignita ♀ 105 Chrysis ignita ♂ 106 Chrysis borealis sp. n. ♀ 107 Chrysis impressa ♂. Metasoma, lateral view: 108 Chrysis impressa ♂ 109 Chrysis subcoriacea ♀. Scale 1 mm.  Figures 110–125. Metasoma, ventral view: 110 Chrysis bicolor ♀, 111 Chrysis illigeri ♀ 112 Chrysis equestris ♀ 113 Chrysis zetterstedti ♀ 114 Chrysis splendidula ♀ 115 Chrysis vanlithi ♀ 116 Chrysis impressa ♀ 117 Chrysis subcoriacea ♀ 118 Chrysis leptomandibularis ♀ 119 Chrysis angustula ♀ 120 Chrysis solida ♀ 121 Chrysis longula ♀ 122 Chrysis ignita ♀ 123 Chrysis corusca ♀ 124 Chrysis borealis sp. n. ♀ 125 Chrysis solida ♂. Scale 1 mm.  Figures 126–137. Metasoma, ventral view: 126 Chrysis angustula ♂ 127 Chrysis leptomandibularis ♂ 128 Chrysis corusca ♂ 129 Chrysis subcoriacea ♂ 130 Chrysis ignita ♂ 131 Chrysis schencki ♂ 132 Chrysis impressa ♂ 133 Chrysis borealis sp. n. ♂. Genital capsule, dorsal view: 134 Chrysis equestris ♂ 135 Chrysis zetterstedti ♂ 136 Chrysis borealis sp. n. ♂ 137 Chrysis solida ♂. Scale 1 mm (Figs 126–133) and 0.5 mm (Figs 134–137).  Figures 138–144. Head, lateral view: 138 Chrysis bicolor ♀ 139 Chrysis illigeri ♀ 140 Chrysis vanlithi ♀ 141 Chrysis impressa ♀ 142 Chrysis leptomandibularis ♀ 143 Chrysis schencki ♀ 144 Chrysis corusca ♀. Scale 1 mm.  Figures 145–149. Head, lateral view: 145 Chrysis leptomandibularis ♂ 146 Chrysis subcoriacea ♂ 147 Chrysis ignita ♂ 148 Chrysis schencki ♂ 149 Chrysis impressa ♂. Scale 1 mm.  Figures 150–164. Head, frontal view (arrow indicating frontal carina): 150 Chrysis leachii ♀ 151 Chrysis equestris ♀ 152 Chrysis zetterstedti ♀ 153 Chrysis terminata ♀. Head, dorsal view (arrow indicating frontal carina): 154 Chrysis terminata ♀. Mandible (arrow indicating subapical tooth): 155 Chrysis brevitarsis ♀. Pronotum and mesoscutum, dorsal view: 156 Chrysis indigotea ♀, 157 Chrysis brevitarsis ♀ 158 Chrysis borealis sp. n. ♀. Pronotum, dorsal view: 159 Chrysis vanlithi ♀ 160 Chrysis subcoriacea ♂ 161 Chrysis longula ♂. Pronotum and mesoscutum, dorsal view (arrow indicating lateral field of mesoscutum): 162 Chrysis clarinicollis ♀ 163 Chrysis ignita ♀ 164 Chrysis impressa ♀. Scale 1 mm.  Figures 165–178. Metatibia: 165 Chrysis pulcherrima ♀ 166 Chrysis viridula ♀. Mesotibia (arrow indicating spurs): 167 Chrysis pseudobrevitarsis ♀ 168 Chrysis impressa ♀. Hindleg (arrow indicating second tarsomere): 169 Chrysis pseudobrevitarsis ♀ 170 Chrysis impressa ♀ 171 Chrysis westerlundi ♀. Antenna (arrow indicating F1 or F1 and F2): 172 Chrysis brevitarsis ♀ 173 Chrysis corusca ♂ 174 Chrysis subcoriacea ♂ 175 Chrysis ignita ♂ 176 Chrysis schencki ♂ 177 Chrysis impressa ♂ 178 Chrysis borealis sp. n. ♂. Scale 1 mm.  Figure 179. Holotype of Chrysis borealis sp. n. ♀ (HYMNI560) Collected from Ørin, Nord-Trøndelag, Norway. Scale 1 mm. (Photo: Arnstein Staverløkk).  Figures 180–186. Internal tergites and sternites of Chrysis borealis sp. n. ♀: 180 T4 181 T5 182 T6 183 T7 184 S4 185 S5 186 S6. Illustrations based on a paratype from Sweden (MZH_GP.92691). Scale 1 mm. (Drawings: Juho Paukkunen)  Figures 187–195. Internal tergites and sternites of Chrysis borealis sp. n. ♂: 187 T4 188 T5 189 T6 190 T7 191 S4 192 S5 193 S6 194 S7 195 S8. Illustrations based on a paratype from Finland (MZH_GP.92704). Scale 1 mm. (Drawings: Juho Paukkunen)