Carronella

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Korshunova T, Martynov A, Bakken T, Evertsen J, Fletcher K, Mudianta I, Saito H, Lundin K, Michael Schrödl, Picton B (2017) Polyphyly of the traditional family Flabellinidae affects a major group of Nudibranchia: aeolidacean taxonomic reassessment with descriptions of several new families, genera, and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda). ZooKeys (717) : 1–139, doi. Versioned wiki page: 2017-11-30, version 164193, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Carronella&oldid=164193 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

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BibTeX:

@article{Korshunova2017ZooKeys,
author = {Korshunova, Tatiana AND Martynov, Alexander AND Bakken, Torkild AND Evertsen, Jussi AND Fletcher, Karin AND Mudianta, I Wayan AND Saito, Hiroshi AND Lundin, Kennet AND Michael Schrödl, AND Picton, Bernard},
journal = {ZooKeys},
publisher = {Pensoft Publishers},
title = {Polyphyly of the traditional family Flabellinidae affects a major group of Nudibranchia: aeolidacean taxonomic reassessment with descriptions of several new families, genera, and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda)},
year = {2017},
volume = {},
issue = {717},
pages = {1--139},
doi = {10.3897/zookeys.717.21885},
url = {https://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=21885},
note = {Versioned wiki page: 2017-11-30, version 164193, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Carronella&oldid=164193 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.}

}

RIS/ Endnote:

TY - JOUR
T1 - Polyphyly of the traditional family Flabellinidae affects a major group of Nudibranchia: aeolidacean taxonomic reassessment with descriptions of several new families, genera, and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda)
A1 - Korshunova T
A1 - Martynov A
A1 - Bakken T
A1 - Evertsen J
A1 - Fletcher K
A1 - Mudianta I
A1 - Saito H
A1 - Lundin K
A1 - Michael Schrödl
A1 - Picton B
Y1 - 2017
JF - ZooKeys
JA -
VL -
IS - 717
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.717.21885
SP - 1
EP - 139
PB - Pensoft Publishers
M1 - Versioned wiki page: 2017-11-30, version 164193, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Carronella&oldid=164193 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

M3 - doi:10.3897/zookeys.717.21885

Wikipedia/ Citizendium:

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| author = Korshunova T, Martynov A, Bakken T, Evertsen J, Fletcher K, Mudianta I, Saito H, Lundin K, Michael Schrödl, Picton B
| title = Polyphyly of the traditional family Flabellinidae affects a major group of Nudibranchia: aeolidacean taxonomic reassessment with descriptions of several new families, genera, and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda)
| journal = ZooKeys
| year = 2017
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| pages = 1--139
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| doi = 10.3897/zookeys.717.21885
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}} Versioned wiki page: 2017-11-30, version 164193, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Carronella&oldid=164193 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.</ref>

See also the citation download page at the journal.


Taxonavigation

Ordo: Nudibranchia
Familia: Flabellinidae

Name

Carronella Korshunova & Martynov & Bakken & Evertsen & Fletcher & Mudianta & Saito & Lundin & Michael Schrödl & Picton, 2017 gen. n. – Wikispecies link – ZooBank link – Pensoft Profile

Type species

Eolis pellucida Alder & Hancock, 1843.

Etymology

After Loch Carron, a sea loch on the west of the Scottish Highlands, where numerous specimens of Eolis pellucida have been observed over many years, feeding on Eudendrium arbusculum growing on flame shell (Limaria hians) reefs.

Diagnosis

Body relatively wide. Notal ridge present, reduced, discontinuous, in several indistinct pieces which continue to low elevations of cerata, in several groups. Rhinophores smooth, similar in size to oral tentacles. Anterior foot corners present. Anus pleuroproctic. Distinct oral glands. Rachidian teeth with narrow compressed cusp and distinct denticles. Lateral teeth smooth with attenuated process basally. Distal and proximal receptaculum seminis. Moderately long vas deferens without distinct prostate. Penis conical.

Species included

Carronella enne sp. n., Carronella pellucida (Alder & Hancock, 1843), comb. n. (Fig. 36) (original description in Alder and Hancock 1843[1]; original description of radula in Alder and Hancock 1845–1855[2]).

Remarks

The genus Carronella gen. n. differs from other genera of the family Flabellinidae s. str. by the absence of distinct ceratal elevations or stalks and by the presence of smooth lateral denticles. The absence of distinct elevations or stalks represents a plesiomorphic feature, but according to the molecular phylogenetic analysis Carronella appears in a quite derived position (Figs 1, 2). This is therefore one more interesting case of discrepancy between morphological and molecular data that needs to be further investigated.

Original Description

  • Korshunova, T; Martynov, A; Bakken, T; Evertsen, J; Fletcher, K; Mudianta, I; Saito, H; Lundin, K; Michael Schrödl, ; Picton, B; 2017: Polyphyly of the traditional family Flabellinidae affects a major group of Nudibranchia: aeolidacean taxonomic reassessment with descriptions of several new families, genera, and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda) ZooKeys, (717): 1-139. doi

Images

Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree of aeolidacean nudibranchs based on concatenated molecular data (COI + 16S + 28S + H3) represented by Bayesian Inference (BI). Numbers above branches represent posterior probabilities from Bayesian Inference. Numbers below branches indicate bootstrap values for Maximum Likelihood. Some branches are collapsed at species level. The “Flabellinidae” polyphyletic family complex is highlighted by different colours (see Fig. 2 for the family names).
Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree of aeolidacean nudibranchs based on concatenated molecular data (COI + 16S + 28S + H3) represented by Bayesian Inference (BI). Numbers above branches represent posterior probabilities from Bayesian Inference. Numbers below branches indicate bootstrap values for Maximum Likelihood. Some branches are collapsed at species level. The “Flabellinidae” polyphyletic family complex is highlighted by different colours (see Fig. 2 for the family names). 
Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree of aeolids with integrated data on external morphology. The “Flabellinidae” polyphyletic family complex is highlighted by different colours; names of the family- and genus-level taxa are provided. Abbreviations: CPA cleioproctic anus APA acleioproctic anus DTA dorso-terminal anus MSR multiserial radula PPA pleuroproctic anus TSR triserial radula USR uniserial radula.
Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree of aeolids with integrated data on external morphology. The “Flabellinidae” polyphyletic family complex is highlighted by different colours; names of the family- and genus-level taxa are provided. Abbreviations: CPA cleioproctic anus APA acleioproctic anus DTA dorso-terminal anus MSR multiserial radula PPA pleuroproctic anus TSR triserial radula USR uniserial radula. 
Figure 34. Schematic outline of the reproductive systems of the taxa of the family Flabellinidae integrated with molecular phylogenetic data. Colour indication of reproductive system characters: ampulla – green; body wall – gray; distal receptaculum seminis – red; female gland mass – yellow; female genital opening – orange; penis and male genital opening – dark blue; penial sheath – pale blue; prostatic vas deferens – turquoise; proximal receptaculum seminis – pink.
Figure 34. Schematic outline of the reproductive systems of the taxa of the family Flabellinidae integrated with molecular phylogenetic data. Colour indication of reproductive system characters: ampulla – green; body wall – gray; distal receptaculum seminis – red; female gland mass – yellow; female genital opening – orange; penis and male genital opening – dark blue; penial sheath – pale blue; prostatic vas deferens – turquoise; proximal receptaculum seminis – pink. 
Figure 35. Carronella enne sp. n. NE Atlantic, off Ireland. ZMMU Op-526, specimen 5 mm (fixed) in length: A dorsal view (live); B details of cerata C rhinophore D dorsal view (fixed) E ventro-lateral (fixed) F jaw, SEM G details of masticatory process of jaw, SEM H details of masticatory process of jaw, light microscopy I radular teeth, posterior part, SEM J reproductive system, light microscopy. Abbreviations: a anus am ampulla ce ceratal elevations fgm female gland mass g gonad go genital opening nd discontinuous notal edge ps penial sheath pvd prostatic vas deferens r rhinophores rsd distal receptaculum seminis rsp proximal receptaculum seminis. Scale bars: F = 300 μm; G, I = 30 μm. Photos of living specimens by E. Schwabe, other photos and SEM images by A.V. Martynov.
Figure 35. Carronella enne sp. n. NE Atlantic, off Ireland. ZMMU Op-526, specimen 5 mm (fixed) in length: A dorsal view (live); B details of cerata C rhinophore D dorsal view (fixed) E ventro-lateral (fixed) F jaw, SEM G details of masticatory process of jaw, SEM H details of masticatory process of jaw, light microscopy I radular teeth, posterior part, SEM J reproductive system, light microscopy. Abbreviations: a anus am ampulla ce ceratal elevations fgm female gland mass g gonad go genital opening nd discontinuous notal edge ps penial sheath pvd prostatic vas deferens r rhinophores rsd distal receptaculum seminis rsp proximal receptaculum seminis. Scale bars: F = 300 μm; G, I = 30 μm. Photos of living specimens by E. Schwabe, other photos and SEM images by A.V. Martynov. 
Figure 36. Carronella pellucida (Alder & Hancock, 1843), comb. n. Norwegian Sea, Gulen Dive Center. ZMMU Op-513, living specimen 18.5 mm in length: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D details of cerata E dissected anterior part (pharynx removed) and rhinophores, SEM F jaw SEM G details of masticatory process of jaw, SEM H radular teeth, posterior part, SEM I reproductive system, SEM J reproductive system, light microscopy K dissected penial sheath and penis, SEM. Abbreviations: a anus am ampulla ce ceratal elevations fgm female gland mass go genital opening nd discontinuous notal edge ogp oral gland penetrating into basis of cerata r rhinophores p penis ps penial sheath pvd prostatic vas deferens rsd distal receptaculum seminis rsp proximal receptaculum seminis. Scale bars: E = 1 mm; F, K = 300 μm; G = 30 μm; H = 30 μm; I = 1 mm. Photos and SEM images by T.A. Korshunova, A.V. Martynov.
Figure 36. Carronella pellucida (Alder & Hancock, 1843), comb. n. Norwegian Sea, Gulen Dive Center. ZMMU Op-513, living specimen 18.5 mm in length: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D details of cerata E dissected anterior part (pharynx removed) and rhinophores, SEM F jaw SEM G details of masticatory process of jaw, SEM H radular teeth, posterior part, SEM I reproductive system, SEM J reproductive system, light microscopy K dissected penial sheath and penis, SEM. Abbreviations: a anus am ampulla ce ceratal elevations fgm female gland mass go genital opening nd discontinuous notal edge ogp oral gland penetrating into basis of cerata r rhinophores p penis ps penial sheath pvd prostatic vas deferens rsd distal receptaculum seminis rsp proximal receptaculum seminis. Scale bars: E = 1 mm; F, K = 300 μm; G = 30 μm; H = 30 μm; I = 1 mm. Photos and SEM images by T.A. Korshunova, A.V. Martynov. 

Other References

  1. ↑ Alder J, Hancock A (1843) Notice of a British species of Calliopaea, D’Orbigny, and of four new species of Eolis, with observations on the development and structure of the nudibranchiate Mollusca. Annals & Magazine of Natural History 12: 233–238. https://doi.org/10.1080/03745484309442517
  2. ↑ Alder J, Hancock A (1845–1855) A monograph of the British nudibranchiate mollusca. pt. I–VII. Ray Society, London.
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