Calligaster
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Ordo: Hymenoptera
Familia: Vespidae
Name
Calligaster de Saussure – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Calligaster de Saussure, 1852: 22. Type species: Calligaster cyanoptera de Saussure, 1852, by subsequent designation of Ashmead (1902[1]: 205).
Diagnosis
The genus Calligaster can be differentiated from any other eumenine genera by the combination of the following characters: labial and maxillary palpus with three and six palpomeres respectively; mid tibia with two spurs; mesepisternum with horizontal suture absent; propodeum with propodeal orifice rounded dorsally, apical valvula short and rounded, and submarginal carina not projecting as pointed lobe above valvula; metasomal segment I petiolate; tergum I in dorsal view abruptly widened laterally shortly after basal slit, then nearly parallel-sided apically, with longitudinal striae; metasomal sternum II with basal fossa; male characters: terminal antennal flagellomere simple; distal lobe of gonocoxite sub-truncated; gonostyle subapically with a tuft of short and thin hairs; basivolsella long and narrow, slightly enlarged at the base, with an obliquely truncated apex.
Remarks
Calligaster was proposed by de Saussure (1852[2]: 23, Pl. IX fig. 6) as a genus to accomodate his two species from “Java”: Calligaster cyanoptera de Saussure, 1852 and Calligaster hero de Saussure, 1852. Later, he (de Saussure 1855[3]: 115) synonymized Calligaster hero under Zethus gigas Spinola, 1841, which is a South American Zethus species and is now treated as a synonym of Zethus coeruleopennis (Fabricius, 1798) (Bohart and Stange 1965[4]). Although de Saussure (1855)[3] did not refer to the type locality of Calligaster hero given in de Saussure (1852)[2] (= “Java”), it may have been certainly based on an erroneous labeling. Ashmead (1902)[1] designated Calligaster cyanoptera de Saussure as the type species of Calligaster de Saussure, 1852.
The taxonomic status of Calligaster had not been stabilized until Bequaert (1928)[5] reinstalled its generic status; that is, de Saussure (1855)[3] treated it as a division in the genus Zethus; Gribodo (1892)[6], possibly having followed de Saussure (1855)[3], treated Calligaster as a subgenus in the genus Zethus when he described Zethus javanus (=Calligaster cyanopterus); Dalla Torre (1904)[7] treated Calligaster as a genus; and Cameron (1904[8], 1909[9]) described two species of Zethus, which Bequaert (1928)[5] transferred to the genus Calligaster. But, establishment of the concept of Calligaster currently accepted by most of the vespid taxonomists was of Giordani Soika (1960)[10].
Key to species of Calligaster
As no specimens were available to us, the characters for Calligaster etchellsii and Calligaster zetteli were extracted from Cameron (1909)[9] and Bequaert (1928)[5], and Gusenleitner (2006)[11], respectively. Neither information of the male characters of Calligaster zetelli nor of the female of Calligaster etchellsi is available to us. In Calligaster, we have observed distinct morphological differences between sexes in the head characters, while characters of the mesosoma and metasoma (except for the number of metasomal segments and genital organs) are nearly the same between the sexes. In the following key, sex is specified only for the head characters.
Taxon Treatment
- Nugroho, H; Ubaidillah, R; Kojima, J; 2016: Taxonomy of the Indo-Malayan presocial potter wasp genus Calligaster de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) Journal of Hymenoptera Research, (48): 19-32. doi
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Other References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ashmead W (1902) Classification of the fossorial, predaceous and parasitic wasps, or the superfamily Vespoidea. The Canadian Entomologist 34: 203–210. doi: 10.4039/Ent34203-8
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Saussure H (1852) Études sur la Famille des Vespides 1. Monographie des Guêpes solitaires ou de la tribu des Euméniens. V. Masson, Paris and J. Kessmann, Genéve.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Saussure H (1855) Études sur la Famille des Vespides 2. La Monographie des Masariens et un supplément à la Monographie des Euméniens. V. Masson, Paris and J. Kessmann, Genéve, 49–288, pls. 6–14.
- ↑ Bohart R, Stange L (1965) A revision of the genus Zethus Fabricius in the Western Hemisphere. University of California Publications in Entomology 40: 1–208.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Bequaert J (1928) A study of certain types of diplopterous wasps in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (10) 2: 138–176. doi: 10.1080/00222932808672864
- ↑ Gribodo G (1892 [1891]) Contribuzioni imenotterologiche sopra alcune specie nuove o poco conosciute di Imenotteri Diplotteri nota IV (1). Bullettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana 23: 242–300.
- ↑ Dalla Torre K (1904) Hymenoptera fam. Vespidae. Genera Insectorum 19: 1–108.
- ↑ Cameron P (1904) Descriptions of new genera and species of Hymenoptera from India. Zeitschrift für Systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie 4(1): 5–15.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Cameron P (1909) On a new species of Zeuthus (Eumenidae) from Borneo. Entomologist 42: 206–207.
- ↑ Giordani Soika A (1960 [1958]) Notulae vespidologicae. Bollettino del Museo civico di storia naturale di Venezia 11: 35–102.
- ↑ Gusenleitner J (2006) Calligaster zetteli, eine neue Art von den Philippinen (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae). Linzer biologische Beiträge 38: 1353–1355.
