Bradysia atroparva
Ordo: Diptera
Familia: Sciaridae
Genus: Bradysia
Name
Bradysia atroparva Frey, 1948 – ZooBank link
- Bradysia (Neosciara) atroparva Frey, 1948[1]: 55, 78, fig. 51
Type material
Lectotype ♂, no. 8340 in MZH, leg. Frey
Type locality
Finland, Kangasala, Pirkanmaa
Material studied
Germany: 1 ♂, Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Wegrand am Tröndelsee, sweep netting, Heller, 31.08.1994, PKHH 760; Norway: 1 ♂, Vestfold, Vestfold, Malaise Trap, Olberg, 10.07.2014, NHMO bf-sci-00748; Sweden: 2 ♂, Hälsingland, Stensjön-Lomtjärn, Gävleborgs län, marsh pine wood close to bog, Malaise trap, Swedish Malaise Trap Project, 21.5.-02.06.2005, PKHH 7920; 1 ♂, 15.-29.06.2005, PKHH 7938;
Description (male)
Head. Eye bridge 2–3 rows of facets. Antenna unicolour. LW-index of 4th flagellomere 1.75–1.95; neck 0.23–0.3 × segment width; transition of basal part to neck pronounced. Colour of neck unicolour. Antennal setae shorter than segment width; of normal strength; sparse. Sensillae present. Antennal setae adjacent. Palpus darkened; of normal length; palpomeres 3. First palpomere of normal shape; with 3–4 setae; with delimited sensillary field. Second palpomere short and oval. Third palpomere as long as first. Thorax. Colour brown. Notum unicolour. Thoracic setae normal; brown. Posterior pronotum bare. Mesothoracic sclerites bare. Legs. Colour yellow-brown. Hind coxa of same colour as femora. Setae on front coxa pale. Front tibial organ as distinct, delimited comb; pale; front tibial organ not bordered. Tibial comb undivided. Tibial comb with 5 bristles. Tibial setae on hind legs weak and inconspicuous. Tibial spurs of equal length. Claws untoothed. Wing. Wing slightly darkened; of normal shape. Wing membrane without macrotrichia. Wing venation weak, with faint stM. M-fork of normal shape. R1 ending clearly before base of m-fork; posterior veins bare; bM bare; bM:r-M 0.69–0.79; st-Cu:bM 0.7–1.1; R1:R 0.55–0.75; c:w 0.59–0.69. Halter darkened; of normal length. Abdomen. Abdominal setae weak; sparse; on tergites white; on sternites white. Hypopygium concolour with abdomen; LW-index 0.64–0.74. Base of gonocoxites with weak setae; gonocoxites broadly separated; inner margin of gonocoxites typically U-shaped; inner membrane of hypopygium bare; ventral margin of gonocoxite with short setae. Gonostylus elongate; LW-index 2.5–3; Inner margin straight; apex equally rounded. Apical tooth absent. Awl-like setae absent. Megasetae present; number of megasetae 7–9; thick; straight; in one group. Position of basalmost megaseta 12–20 % from top. Whiplash-hair absent. Tegmen 0.63–0.73 × longer than broad; equally rounded, or trapezoid; without special features; central process absent. Length of ejaculatory apodeme/hypopygium 26–34 %; base of ejaculatory apodeme present. Field with aedeagal teeth clearly visible. Measurements. Body size 1.6–2 mm. Hind tibia 0.57–0.67 mm. Wing length 1.5–2.3 mm.
Diagnosis
Bradyisa atroparva can be distinguished by other similar Bradysia nitidicollis-like species by the lacking dorso-apical tooth. The gonostylus is apically broadened like in Bradysia bellstedti and Bradysia quercina and bears a group of 7-9 equally distributed spines. It is a quite small species without any striking characters.
DNA Barcoding
The COI sequence is assigned to BIN BOLD:ACZ9545 (n=1, K2P: 4.01%).
Discussion
The species was originally described from two localities in Finland, Vihti and Kangasala, in the male and female sex. Tuomikoski (1960)[2] did not study the species again, but assumed a close relationship to Bradysia nitidicollis. Menzel, in Menzel and Mohrig (2000)[3] designated one male from Kangasala as lectotype (no. 8340) and synonymized the name Bradysia atroparva with Bradysia nitidicollis. Further study of the lectotype revealed, that this synonymy cannot be certain, because the clearly visible dorsal tooth in B. nitidicollis is missing in B. atroparva and the wings are not hyaline, but fumose as in the majority of species. Unfortunately the antennae are lacking in the lectotype and the hypopygium is partly destroyed. The only remaining gonostylus is strongly squeezed. However, another specimen from Norway, which mainly matches B. atroparva was found and confidently identified it with the lectotype, although the number of apical spines is higher and the wings are still shorter.
DNA barcoding allocated the unique BIN BOLD:ACZ9545 to the Norwegian specimen which has a close distance to a nearest neighbour of 4.01% being the Chinese BIN BOLD:ADT4905. A close relationship to other species of the nitidicollis complex is not indicated. B. atroparva seems to belong to a group of 11 BINs, of which nine have Nearctic distribution and two are recorded from China. The North American material has not yet been studied, but the only Chinese specimen, belonging to BIN BOLD:ADD2434, has a similarly structured gonostylus as B. atroparva by lacking a dorsal tooth.
Etymology
lat. ater = dark; parvus = small. The species name refers to being small and dark.
Distribution
Germany, Finland[1], Norway, Sweden.
Images
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References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Frey, R. 1948: Entwurf einer neuen Klassifikation der Mückenfamilie Sciaridae (Lycoriidae). II. Die nordeuropäischen Arten. Notulae Entomologicae, 27(2-4), 33-112.
- ↑ Tuomikoski, R. 1960: Zur Kenntnis der Sciariden (Dipt.) Finnlands. Annales Zoologici Societatis Zoologicae Botanicae Fennicae “Vanamo”, 21, 1–164.
- ↑ Menzel, F.; Mohrig, W. 2000: Revision der paläarktischen Trauermücken (Diptera: Sciaridae). Studia dipterologica Supplement 6, 1-761. AMPYX-Verlag, Halle.
