Biemna trisigmata
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BibTeX: @article{Mothes2004Zootaxa639, RIS/ Endnote: TY - JOUR Wikipedia/ Citizendium: <ref name="Mothes2004Zootaxa639">{{Citation |
Ordo: Poecilosclerida
Familia: Desmacellidae
Genus: Biemna
Name
Biemna trisigmata Mothes, Beatriz, 2004 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Biemna trisigmata Mothes, Beatriz, 2004, Zootaxa 639: 4-6.
Materials Examined
Holotype. MCNPOR 1897, off coast Amapá State, 02° 57 '00"N – 49 °04'00"W, 76 m depth, coll. R/V ‘Almirante Saladanha’, 25.XI. 1968. Sand substratum. Comparative material.Biemna oxeata Van Soest & Stentoft, 1988 – ZMAPOR 5420 (holotype), Barbados (fragment deposited in MCNPOR 2593); Biemna tubulata (Dendy, 1905) sensu Van Soest, 1984 – ZMAPOR 3520, Puerto Rico (fragment deposited in MCNPOR 2618); B. microacanthosigma Mothes, Hajdu, Lerner & Van Soest (in press) – MCNPOR 1898, Amapá State, Brazil.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis.Biemna trisigmata sp. nov. differs from other West Atlantic species of Biemna by the presence of styles, raphides, three categories of sigmas and two categories of microxeas.
Description
Description. Specimen massive, irregular, with lobular processes (Fig. 2 A): 4.5 cm width, 3.0 cm length, 3.0 cm thickness, larger lobe 2.0 cm high. Smooth surface. Oscules on the apical portion of the lobes, 0.3 cm in diameter. Pores aligned, arranged in superficial small grooves, parallel to each other; near to oscules the grooves are arranged in convergence. Preserved material: consistency slightly compressible and friable; colour dark brown. Skeleton (Fig. 2 B). Ectosome: membraneous surface, without specialized spiculation. Spicule bundles protuding on the surface. Choanosome: renieroidlike reticulate, with spicules arranged in ascending bundles of 7–10 spicules, 285–427.5 m apart, forming brushes near the surface and connected by single spicules or transverse tracts, 3–7 spicules wide. Microscleres scattered throughout the choanosome. Spicules. Styles (Figs. 2 C, 2 F)— Basal portion slightly curved, sharppointed or with slightly stepped extremities (Fig. 2 D), rarely mucronate; 313.5 350. 7 370.5 / 6.9 13. 8 18.4 m. Raphides (Figs. 2 E, 2 F, 2 L) — Hairlike, relatively long and slender, straight or recurved, occur singly or in bundles within the skeleton; more than 92 m long, <1.0 m wide. Sigmas occur in three size categories (Figs. 2 E, 2 F); most are C or Sshaped, all with microspined extremities: I (Figs. 2 G) – 46 48. 3 50.6 / <2.3 m; II (Figs. 2 H) – 27.6 30. 3 34.5 / 2.3 m; III (Fig. 2 I) – 9.2 10. 7 13.8 / <1.1 m. Microxeas in two size categories (Figs. 2 E, 2 F); straight and smooth, with hastate points, occur singly within the skeleton: I (Fig. 2 J) – 102.5 113. 3 127.5 / 2.5; II (Fig. 2 K) – 47.5 55. 5 62.5 / 1.25.
Etymology
Etymology. The species name refers to the presence of three size categories of sigmas.
Discussion
Remarks. The species of Biemna previously known from the tropical West Atlantic are B. tubulata (Dendy, 1905) sensu Van Soest, 1984, cited from Bonaire and Puerto Rico, characterized by the presence of styles and two categories of sigmas, raphides and commas; B. microstyla De Laubenfels, 1950, recorded from the Bermudas Archipelago, which differs in having styles, raphides and one category of sigmas; and B. oxeata Van S o es t & Stentoft, 1988 described from Barbados, is distinct from the others by the presence of oxeas. B. caribea PulitzerFinali, 1986, recorded from Puerto Rico, approaches B. tubulata [Van Soest pers. comm.], and the former is now considered to be the proper name. B. cribaria (Alcolado & Gotera, 1986) recorded from Cuba, and cited later from Jamaica by Lehnert & Van Soest, (1998, 1999), is very similar to B. oxeata [Van Soest pers. comm.], and must be considered as a senior synonym for this latter. Only one species of Biemna has been previously reported for the Brazilian coast. B. microacanthosigma Mothes, Hajdu, Lerner & Van Soest (in press) differs from the new species here described mainly by the dimensions of styles and two categories of sigmas. The new species differs from all these above mentioned species by its characteristic presence of three categories of sigmas and two size categories of microxeas. Finally, the new species bears a similar spicular conjuct to Biemna saucia Hooper, Capon & Hodder, 1991 (Northwest Australia), but it differs from that species in having smaller spicules and by the disjunct distribution, and the coespicificity of both would be highly imprabable, due to their markedly disjunct distribution. Another Biemna species which presents three categories sigmas is Biemna ehrenbergi (Keller, 1889), recorded from the Red Sea and South Arabia (Sultanate of Oman) by Van Soest & Beglinger, 2002. TABLE1. Tropical West Atlantic species of Biemna. B. trisigmata sp. n.B. microacanthosigma B. tubulata (Dendy, 1905) Mothes, Hajdu, Lerner & sensu Van Soest (1984)* Van Soest (in press)B. microstyla De Laubenfels (1950) **Oxeas___ ___ ___ ___Styles313.5 350. 7 370.5/ 6.9 13. 8 18.4 418 448. 3 494/ 270 294. 8 322/ 9.2 12. 8 16.1 3 4. 2 5.5 240280 / 44.5Rhaphids I>55/ <1.0>90.5 94 107. 8 125 4090 / <1.0Rhaphids II___ ___ 3246.377___Microxeas I102.5113.3127.5/ 2.5 41.4 60. 8 115/ 1 ___ ___ Microxeas II47.555.562.5 / 1.25___ ___ ___Microstyles___ ___ ___ ___Commas I___ ___27 39 54___Commas II___ ___1012___ Sigma I 46 48. 3 50.6 / <2.3 75.7 92. 2 112.8 / 4.5 27 29. 4 33 530 * Remeasured. Sigma II27.6 30. 3 34.5 / 2.3 18.4 20. 7 27.6 / 2 12 13. 3 15 ___Sigma III9.2 10. 7 13.8 / <1.1___ ___ ___Distribution/ Depth Amapá State, Brazil (76 m)Amapá State, Brazil (76 m)Bonaire (00.5 m) and Bermuda (mangrove) Puerto Rico (mangrove) B. oxeata Van Soest & Stentoft (1988) *B. caribea Pulitzer Finali (1986)**B. cribaria (Alcolado & B. cribaria sensu Leh Gotera) (1986)** nert & Van Soest (1999)**Oxeas420615 / 812___210530 / 714 300550 / 812 (strongylelike) (strongylelike)Styles___280316 / 4.56.5___ ___Rhaphids I60142 103161 / 1.0___ 5080Rhaphids II___ ___ ___ ___Microxeas I___6981 / 2.0___ ___Microxeas II___3037 / 1.0___ ___Microstyles___3750___ ___Commas I___11.514___ ___Commas II___ ___ ___ ___Sigma I5273 2334 5568 5077Sigma II1418 11.516___ 2026Sigma III___ ___ ___ ___Distribution/ Depth Barbados (108126 m)Puerto Rico (1m – mangroove)Cuba Jamaica (20 m) (2091 m) ** Measurements from Literature.
Taxon Treatment
- Mothes, Beatriz; De, Maurício A.; Campos; 2004: North coast of Brazil (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida), Zootaxa 639: 4-6. doi
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