Balsamocarpon

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Taxonavigation

Ordo: Fabales
Familia: Leguminosae

Name

Balsamocarpon Clos, Fl. Chile. 2(2): 226; Atlas Botanico t. 20. 1846 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

Type

Balsamocarpon brevifolium Clos

Description

Shrub 1–2 m tall, with long terete branches with thin, straight, 3–5 mm long, often caducous spines. Stipules deltoid, hairy, glandular. Leaves in fascicles on short brachyblasts, pinnate, 3–8 mm long; leaflets in 3–4 pairs, elliptic-obovate to orbicular, 1.5–4.5 × 1–2 mm, glabrous, fleshy. Inflorescences composed of short racemes; pedicels and rachis hairy and glandular; bracts deltoid, hairy and glandular. Flowers bisexual, sub-zygomorphic; calyx comprising a hypanthium and 5 sepals, c. 5–6 × 4.2 mm, fimbriate, hairy and with glandular trichomes, sepals persistent in fruit; petals 5, free, yellow, obovate, subequal, short-clawed, 10 × 3–4.5 mm, with glandular trichomes on the dorsal surface; stamens 10, free, filaments pubescent, eglandular; ovary glandular, finely pubescent, stigma a fringed chamber. Fruit a thick, turgid, resinous, glandular, indehiscent pod, 2.5–4 × 1.5 cm, 3–4-seeded.

Geographic distribution

A monospecific genus endemic to northern Chile, from the Coquibo and La Serena valleys.

Habitat

Desert scrub, rocky hillsides.

Etymology

From balsamo- (Gk.: balsam) and carpos (Gk.: fruit), the pods yield a sticky resin traditionally used for tanning.

References

Burkart (1940: 162); Ulibarri (1996, 2008); Nores et al. (2012).

Taxon Treatment

• Gagnon, E; Bruneau, A; Hughes, C; de Queiroz, L; Lewis, G; 2016: A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae) PhytoKeys, (71): 1-160. doi

Images

Figure 33. Balsamocarpon brevifolium Clos. A flowering stem B flower C median petal D upper lateral petal E lower lateral petal F stamen G gynoecium H fruit I dissected seed J longitudinal section of seed K embryo. Drawn by A. Riocreux, first published in Historia fysica y polica de Chile, Botanica, Atlas, col. 1: t. 20 (1854). Scale bars were estimated for this plate based on descriptions and comparison with herbarium specimens; we were unable to estimate these for F, G, K, J, I.  Figure 34. Balsamocarpon brevifolium Clos. A branch with inflorescence and fruit (M.F. Gardner, Chile, Gardner & Knees 5825 (E)) B fruits with persistent calyx, C habit (P. Baxter, Chile, Baxter et al. DCI 1859 (E)). Zuccagnia punctata Cav. D flowers E fruits (I. Specogna, Flora mendocina (http://www.floramendocina.com.ar/), Mendoza, Argentina, unvouchered). Hoffmannseggia arequipensis Ulibarri F fruits with persistent calyx, and inflorescence (C. E. Hughes, Arequipa, Peru, Hughes et al. 2342 (FHO)). Hoffmannseggia minor (Phil.) Ulibarri, G habit and inflorescence (G. P. Lewis, Bolivia, unvouchered). Hoffmannseggia humilis (Mart. & Galeotti) Hemsl. H fruit with persistent sepals (J. Neff, Puebla, Mexico, unvouchered). Stenodrepanum bergii Harms I habit J inflorescence K fruit (R. H. Fortunato, Argentina, Fortunato 9144 (BAB)).