Austrarchaea judyae

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Rix M, Harvey M (2011) Australian Assassins, Part I: A review of the Assassin Spiders (Araneae, Archaeidae) of mid-eastern Australia. ZooKeys 123 : 1–100, doi. Versioned wiki page: 2011-08-15, version 13422, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Austrarchaea_judyae&oldid=13422 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

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BibTeX:

@article{Rix2011ZooKeys123,
author = {Rix, Michael G. AND Harvey, Mark S.},
journal = {ZooKeys},
publisher = {Pensoft Publishers},
title = {Australian Assassins, Part I: A review of the Assassin Spiders (Araneae, Archaeidae) of mid-eastern Australia},
year = {2011},
volume = {123},
issue = {},
pages = {1--100},
doi = {10.3897/zookeys.123.1448},
url = {http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/1448/abstract},
note = {Versioned wiki page: 2011-08-15, version 13422, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Austrarchaea_judyae&oldid=13422 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.}

}

RIS/ Endnote:

TY - JOUR
T1 - Australian Assassins, Part I: A review of the Assassin Spiders (Araneae, Archaeidae) of mid-eastern Australia
A1 - Rix M
A1 - Harvey M
Y1 - 2011
JF - ZooKeys
JA -
VL - 123
IS -
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.123.1448
SP - 1
EP - 100
PB - Pensoft Publishers
M1 - Versioned wiki page: 2011-08-15, version 13422, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Austrarchaea_judyae&oldid=13422 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

M3 - doi:10.3897/zookeys.123.1448

Wikipedia/ Citizendium:

<ref name="Rix2011ZooKeys123">{{Citation
| author = Rix M, Harvey M
| title = Australian Assassins, Part I: A review of the Assassin Spiders (Araneae, Archaeidae) of mid-eastern Australia
| journal = ZooKeys
| year = 2011
| volume = 123
| issue =
| pages = 1--100
| pmid =
| publisher = Pensoft Publishers
| doi = 10.3897/zookeys.123.1448
| url = http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/1448/abstract
| pmc =
| accessdate = 2024-12-22

}} Versioned wiki page: 2011-08-15, version 13422, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Austrarchaea_judyae&oldid=13422 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.</ref>

See also the citation download page at the journal.


Taxonavigation

Ordo: Araneae
Familia: Archaeidae
Genus: Austrarchaea

Name

Austrarchaea judyae Rix & Harvey sp. n. – Wikispecies link – ZooBank link – Pensoft Profile

Type material

Holotype male: Conondale National Park, walking trail from Booloumba Creek Day Use Area No. 2, Queensland, Australia, 26°38'38"S, 152°38'50"E, sifting elevated leaf litter, subtropical rainforest, 187 m, 30.IV.2010, M. Rix, D. Harms (QMB S90190).
Paratypes: Allotype female, same data as holotype (QMB S90191); 2 females and 2 juveniles, same data as holotype (WAM T112563DNA: Ar67-76-F/Ar67-78-J).

Other material examined

AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Conondale National Park: off Booloumba Creek Forest Drive, 26°40'45"S, 152°38'06"E, sifting elevated leaf litter, subtropical rainforest, 351 m, 30.IV.2010, M. Rix, D. Harms, 1 juvenile (WAM T112562DNA: Ar66-79-J); Booloumba Creek, leaf litter, 13-18.IV.1976, R. Raven, 1 juvenile (QMB S30822); “Conondale Range", rainforest, 1-3.V.1976, R. Raven, 1 juvenile (QMB S29324); “Conondale National Park", 26°43'30"S, 152°36'00"E, canopy fogging, 26.I.1998, R. Kitching, 1 juvenile (ANIC). Maleny: 7 km SE. of Maleny, rainforest, 900 m, 18.VI.–15.VIII.1982, S. & J. Peck, 2♂ (ANIC). Mapleton Forest Reserve: Bonyee Walk, off Mapleton Forest Drive, 26°33'28"S, 152°51'58"E, sifting elevated leaf litter, subtropical rainforest, 175 m, 1.V.2010, M. Rix, D. Harms, 1♂, 8 juveniles (WAM T112564DNA: Ar68-80-M/Ar68-81-J/Ar68-82-J).

Additional material examined (of tentative identification)

AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Oakview State Forest: “summit”, 26°10’S, 152°20’E, pyrethrum on trees, rainforest, 600 m, 26.V.2002, G. Monteith, 1 juvenile (QMB S90180).

Etymology

The specific epithet is a patronym in honour of Judy Rix, for her love of the Sunshine Coast hinterland, and for a lifetime of generosity and support to the senior author.

Diagnosis

Austrarchaea judyae can be distinguished from all other Archaeidae from mid-eastern Australia by the small body size of males and females (Fig. 6) and by the unique shape of the conductor (Figs 15D-E), which is ‘spade-shaped’ and laterally incised.
This species cannot be distinguished from other genotyped taxa from mid-eastern Australia on the basis of unique nucleotide substitutions, but can be distinguished from all other genotyped taxa from south-eastern Queensland (see Fig. 3B) by the following three nucleotide substitutions for COI and COII (n = 6): G(1010), A(1413), T(1560).

Description

Holotype male: Total length 2.44; leg I femur 2.69; F1/CL ratio 2.92. Cephalothorax dark reddish-brown; legs tan-brown with darker annulations; abdomen mottled grey-brown and beige, palest posteriorly, with darker reddish-brown dorsal scute and sclerites (Fig. 15B). Carapace very tall (CH/CL ratio 2.38); 0.92 long, 2.19 high, 0.85 wide; ‘neck’ 0.42 wide; bearing two pairs of rudimentary horns; highest point of pars cephalica (HPC) near posterior margin of ‘head’ (ratio of HPC to post-ocular length 0.89), carapace slightly concave anterior to HPC; ‘head’ strongly elevated postero-dorsally (post-ocular ratio 0.43) (Fig. 8C). Chelicerae with short brush of accessory setae on anterior face of paturon (Figs 4F, 15C). Abdomen 1.28 long, 0.97 wide; with three pairs of dorsal hump-like tubercles (HT 1–6); dorsal scute fused anteriorly to epigastric sclerites, extending posteriorly to first pair of hump-like tubercles; HT 3–6 each covered by separate dorsal sclerites (Fig. 5A). Unexpanded pedipalp (Figs 15D-F) with laterally incised, ‘spade-shaped’ conductor; tegular sclerite 1 (TS 1) spiniform, obscured by conductor in retrolateral view; TS 2 spiniform, longer than TS 1; TS 2a sinuous, largely obscured by TS 2; TS 3 embedded proximally within distal haematodocha, with broadly-pointed apex projecting beyond retro-distal rim of tegulum.
Allotype female: Total length 3.08; leg I femur 2.97; F1/CL ratio 2.70. Cephalothorax dark reddish-brown; legs tan-brown with darker annulations; abdomen mottled grey-brown and beige, palest behind hump-like tubercles (Fig. 15A). Carapace very tall (CH/CL ratio 2.41); 1.10 long, 2.65 high, 0.97 wide; ‘neck’ 0.54 wide; bearing two pairs of rudimentary horns; dual highest points of pars cephalica (HPC1–2) near posterior third of ‘head’(ratio of HPC1 to post-ocular length 0.68) and near posterior margin of ‘head’ (ratio of HPC2 to post-ocular length 0.88), carapace slightly concave between HPC1 and HPC2; ‘head’ strongly elevated postero-dorsally (post-ocular ratio 0.46) (Fig. 7C). Chelicerae without accessory setae on anterior face of paturon. Abdomen 1.90 long, 1.54 wide; with three pairs of dorsal hump-like tubercles (HT 1–6). Internal genitalia with dense cluster of ≤ 15 variably shaped spermathecae on either side of gonopore, clusters meeting near midline of genital plate (Fig. 15G); innermost (anterior) spermathecae longest, sausage-shaped, curved antero-laterally; outermost (posterior) spermathecae bulbous; other spermathecae variably pyriform, straight, directed antero-laterally.
Variation: Males (n=4): total length 2.44–2.51; carapace length 0.92–0.95; carapace height 2.19–2.31; CH/CL ratio 2.37–2.43. Females (n=3): total length 2.67–3.08; carapace length 1.03–1.10; carapace height 2.46–2.65; CH/CL ratio 2.30–2.41. Two male specimens from near Maleny (ANIC) are in poor condition, but seem to have a slightly broader, less markedly incised conductor, suggesting that there may be some population-level variation in the shape of the conductor in this species.

Distribution and habitat

Austrarchaea judyae is known from rainforest habitats on the Blackall and Conondale Ranges of south-eastern Queensland, in the Conondale National Park, Mapleton Forest Reserve and in the region surrounding Maleny/Montville (Fig. 33). A juvenile specimen from Oakview State Forest (near Gympie) may also belong to this species based on proximity.

Conservation status

This species has a relatively widespread distribution in several National Parks and Forest Reserves, and is not considered to be of conservation concern.

Original Description

  • Rix, M; Harvey, M; 2011: Australian Assassins, Part I: A review of the Assassin Spiders (Araneae, Archaeidae) of mid-eastern Australia ZooKeys, 123: 1-100. doi

Images

Figure 3. Molecular phylogenetic data analysed as part of this study. A, Schematic map of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I–II (COI–COII) gene complex in Archaeidae and other basal Araneomorphae, showing (i) the position of primers used to amplify and sequence 1.6 kilobases of mtDNA, and (ii) the inferred stop and initiation codons for COI and COII, respectively. Note the centralised, overlapping position of the two internal sequencing primer sites (SeqF2a/SeqR1), and the TTG initiation codon for COII, present in all but one of the spider species sequenced for this study. B, Majority-rule consensus tree with re-estimated branch lengths, resulting from a combined, gene-partitioned Bayesian analysis of the COI–COII mtDNA data. Thickened branches represent clades with >95% posterior probability support, and individual support values are shown above other nodes.
Figure 3. Molecular phylogenetic data analysed as part of this study. A, Schematic map of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I–II (COI–COII) gene complex in Archaeidae and other basal Araneomorphae, showing (i) the position of primers used to amplify and sequence 1.6 kilobases of mtDNA, and (ii) the inferred stop and initiation codons for COI and COII, respectively. Note the centralised, overlapping position of the two internal sequencing primer sites (SeqF2a/SeqR1), and the TTG initiation codon for COII, present in all but one of the spider species sequenced for this study. B, Majority-rule consensus tree with re-estimated branch lengths, resulting from a combined, gene-partitioned Bayesian analysis of the COI–COII mtDNA data. Thickened branches represent clades with >95% posterior probability support, and individual support values are shown above other nodes. 
Figure 4. Carapace morphology of Austrarchaea species. A–E, A. alani sp. n.: A, male pars cephalica, frontal view, showing dorsal ‘head’ region, posterior horns (H) and cheliceral foramen (CF); B, female pars cephalica, antero-lateral view, showing ocular bulge (OB), cheliceral foramen (CF) and division of pars cephalica into ‘head’ and ‘neck’ regions; C, male pars thoracica, ‘neck’ and fused cheliceral diastema (fCD), antero-lateral view; D, female chelicerae and peg teeth, frontal view; E, male ‘neck’, lateral view, showing setose tubercles (sT). F–G, A. judyae sp. n.: F, male chelicerae, lateral view, showing accessory setae (AS) and ectal stridulatory file (SF); G, detail of female posterior pars cephalica, lateral view, showing field of densely granulate cuticle.
Figure 4. Carapace morphology of Austrarchaea species. A–E, A. alani sp. n.: A, male pars cephalica, frontal view, showing dorsal ‘head’ region, posterior horns (H) and cheliceral foramen (CF); B, female pars cephalica, antero-lateral view, showing ocular bulge (OB), cheliceral foramen (CF) and division of pars cephalica into ‘head’ and ‘neck’ regions; C, male pars thoracica, ‘neck’ and fused cheliceral diastema (fCD), antero-lateral view; D, female chelicerae and peg teeth, frontal view; E, male ‘neck’, lateral view, showing setose tubercles (sT). F–G, A. judyae sp. n.: F, male chelicerae, lateral view, showing accessory setae (AS) and ectal stridulatory file (SF); G, detail of female posterior pars cephalica, lateral view, showing field of densely granulate cuticle. 
Figure 5. Abdominal morphology of Austrarchaea species. A–C, A. judyae sp. n.: A, male abdomen, antero-lateral view, showing dorsal scute (S) and additional dorsal sclerites (ds); B, detail of female abdomen, lateral view, showing subcuticular guanine crystals (GC) and concentric arrangements of setae around sclerotic spots (ss); C, female epigastric region, ventral view, showing setose book lung covers (BL) and genital plate (GP). D, Cleared epigastric region of female A. nodosa (Forster), postero-ventral view, showing position of clustered spermathecae under posterior rim of genital plate. E–G, Female abdomens, postero-lateral view, showing arrangement of dorsal hump-like tubercles (HT) in different taxa: E, A. sp. nr. daviesae (QMB S72989, from Mount Bartle Frere, NE. Queensland); F, A. monteithi sp. n.; G, A. aleenae sp. n. Note the presence of only a single posterior hump-like tubercle (HT 5) in A. monteithi.
Figure 5. Abdominal morphology of Austrarchaea species. A–C, A. judyae sp. n.: A, male abdomen, antero-lateral view, showing dorsal scute (S) and additional dorsal sclerites (ds); B, detail of female abdomen, lateral view, showing subcuticular guanine crystals (GC) and concentric arrangements of setae around sclerotic spots (ss); C, female epigastric region, ventral view, showing setose book lung covers (BL) and genital plate (GP). D, Cleared epigastric region of female A. nodosa (Forster), postero-ventral view, showing position of clustered spermathecae under posterior rim of genital plate. E–G, Female abdomens, postero-lateral view, showing arrangement of dorsal hump-like tubercles (HT) in different taxa: E, A. sp. nr. daviesae (QMB S72989, from Mount Bartle Frere, NE. Queensland); F, A. monteithi sp. n.; G, A. aleenae sp. n. Note the presence of only a single posterior hump-like tubercle (HT 5) in A. monteithi. 
Figure 6. Graphs depicting the relationship between carapace length (CL) and carapace height (CH) for species of Austrarchaea from mid-eastern Australia. Overall body size variation is quantified by the relative lengths of the carapace, whereas carapace shape variation is reflected by the CH/CL ratio; taxa with a very tall, greatly elevated pars cephalica have a CH/CL ratio > 2.20. Circles ● denote New South Wales and southern Queensland species; and triangles ▲ denote Queensland species (from north of the Border Ranges). Note the relatively small body sizes of A. judyae sp. n., A. binfordae sp. n. and A. alani sp. n., and the relatively tall carapaces of most Queensland taxa. Note also the smaller body sizes and lower variance in carapace length among males relative to females.
Figure 6. Graphs depicting the relationship between carapace length (CL) and carapace height (CH) for species of Austrarchaea from mid-eastern Australia. Overall body size variation is quantified by the relative lengths of the carapace, whereas carapace shape variation is reflected by the CH/CL ratio; taxa with a very tall, greatly elevated pars cephalica have a CH/CL ratio > 2.20. Circles ● denote New South Wales and southern Queensland species; and triangles ▲ denote Queensland species (from north of the Border Ranges). Note the relatively small body sizes of A. judyae sp. n., A. binfordae sp. n. and A. alani sp. n., and the relatively tall carapaces of most Queensland taxa. Note also the smaller body sizes and lower variance in carapace length among males relative to females. 
Figure 7. Lateral ‘head’ profiles of females of species of Austrarchaea from mid-eastern Australia, showing variation in carapace shape as quantified by the post-ocular ratio (P.O. Ratio) and ratio of highest point of carapace relative to post-ocular length (HPC Ratio): A, allotype A. alani sp. n.; B, allotype A. aleenae sp. n.; C, allotype A. judyae sp. n.; D, allotype A. raveni sp. n.; E, allotype A. harmsi sp. n.; F, allotype A. monteithi sp. n.; G, allotype A. cunninghami sp. n.; H, allotype A. dianneae sp. n.; I, A. nodosa (Forster, 1956); J, allotype A. platnickorum sp. n.; K, allotype A. binfordae sp. n.; L, A. milledgei sp. n. (WAM T112568); M, allotype A. mascordi sp. n.; N, allotype A. smithae sp. n.; O, allotype A. mcguiganae sp. n. Asterisks (*) denote concave depressions.
Figure 7. Lateral ‘head’ profiles of females of species of Austrarchaea from mid-eastern Australia, showing variation in carapace shape as quantified by the post-ocular ratio (P.O. Ratio) and ratio of highest point of carapace relative to post-ocular length (HPC Ratio): A, allotype A. alani sp. n.; B, allotype A. aleenae sp. n.; C, allotype A. judyae sp. n.; D, allotype A. raveni sp. n.; E, allotype A. harmsi sp. n.; F, allotype A. monteithi sp. n.; G, allotype A. cunninghami sp. n.; H, allotype A. dianneae sp. n.; I, A. nodosa (Forster, 1956); J, allotype A. platnickorum sp. n.; K, allotype A. binfordae sp. n.; L, A. milledgei sp. n. (WAM T112568); M, allotype A. mascordi sp. n.; N, allotype A. smithae sp. n.; O, allotype A. mcguiganae sp. n. Asterisks (*) denote concave depressions. 
Figure 8. Lateral ‘head’ profiles of males of species of Austrarchaea from south-eastern Queensland and extreme north-eastern New South Wales (including the Border Ranges), showing variation in carapace shape as quantified by the post-ocular ratio (P.O. Ratio) and ratio of highest point of carapace relative to post-ocular length (HPC Ratio): A, holotype A. alani sp. n.; B, holotype A. aleenae sp. n.; C, holotype A. judyae sp. n.; D, holotype A. raveni sp. n.; E, holotype A. harmsi sp. n.; F, holotype A. clyneae sp. n.; G, holotype A. cunninghami sp. n.; H, holotype A. dianneae sp. n.; I, A. nodosa (Forster, 1956) (QMB S75416). Asterisks (*) denote concave depressions.
Figure 8. Lateral ‘head’ profiles of males of species of Austrarchaea from south-eastern Queensland and extreme north-eastern New South Wales (including the Border Ranges), showing variation in carapace shape as quantified by the post-ocular ratio (P.O. Ratio) and ratio of highest point of carapace relative to post-ocular length (HPC Ratio): A, holotype A. alani sp. n.; B, holotype A. aleenae sp. n.; C, holotype A. judyae sp. n.; D, holotype A. raveni sp. n.; E, holotype A. harmsi sp. n.; F, holotype A. clyneae sp. n.; G, holotype A. cunninghami sp. n.; H, holotype A. dianneae sp. n.; I, A. nodosa (Forster, 1956) (QMB S75416). Asterisks (*) denote concave depressions. 
Figure 15. Austrarchaea judyae sp. n. A–B, Cephalothorax and abdomen, lateral view: A, allotype female (QMB S90191) from Conondale National Park, Queensland; B, holotype male (QMB S90190) from Conondale National Park, Queensland. C, Holotype male chelicerae, lateral view, showing accessory setae. D–F, Holotype male pedipalp: D–E, bulb, retrolateral view; F, detail of distal tegular sclerites, prodistal view. G, Allotype female internal genitalia, dorsal view. C = conductor; E = embolus; Es = embolic sclerite; T = tegulum; (TS)1–3 = tegular sclerites 1–3. Scale bars: A–B = 1.0 mm; E = 0.2 mm.
Figure 15. Austrarchaea judyae sp. n. A–B, Cephalothorax and abdomen, lateral view: A, allotype female (QMB S90191) from Conondale National Park, Queensland; B, holotype male (QMB S90190) from Conondale National Park, Queensland. C, Holotype male chelicerae, lateral view, showing accessory setae. D–F, Holotype male pedipalp: D–E, bulb, retrolateral view; F, detail of distal tegular sclerites, prodistal view. G, Allotype female internal genitalia, dorsal view. C = conductor; E = embolus; Es = embolic sclerite; T = tegulum; (TS)1–3 = tegular sclerites 1–3. Scale bars: A–B = 1.0 mm; E = 0.2 mm. 
Figure 33. Austrarchaea judyae sp. n., distribution and habitat: A, topographic map showing the known distribution of Archaeidae in south-eastern Queensland and eastern New South Wales, with collection localities for A. judyae highlighted in yellow (red highlighted localities denote juvenile specimens of tentative identification); B, satellite image showing detail of inset (A); C, subtropical rainforest at the type locality – near Booloumba Creek, Conondale National Park, Queensland (May 2010). Image (C) by M. Rix.
Figure 33. Austrarchaea judyae sp. n., distribution and habitat: A, topographic map showing the known distribution of Archaeidae in south-eastern Queensland and eastern New South Wales, with collection localities for A. judyae highlighted in yellow (red highlighted localities denote juvenile specimens of tentative identification); B, satellite image showing detail of inset (A); C, subtropical rainforest at the type locality – near Booloumba Creek, Conondale National Park, Queensland (May 2010). Image (C) by M. Rix. 
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