Asklepia

Notice:

This page is derived from the original publication listed below, whose author(s) should always be credited. Further contributors may edit and improve the content of this page and, consequently, need to be credited as well (see page history). Any assessment of factual correctness requires a careful review of the original article as well as of subsequent contributions. If you are uncertain whether your planned contribution is correct or not, we suggest that you use the associated discussion page instead of editing the page directly. This page should be cited as follows (rationale): Erwin T, Zamorano L (2014) A synopsis of the tribe Lachnophorini, with a new genus of Neotropical distribution and a revision of the Neotropical genus Asklepia Liebke, 1938 (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae). ZooKeys 430 : 1–108, doi. Versioned wiki page: 2014-08-01, version 63241, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Asklepia&oldid=63241 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers. Citation formats to copy and paste BibTeX: @article{Erwin2014ZooKeys430, author = {Erwin, Terry L. AND Zamorano, Laura S.}, journal = {ZooKeys}, publisher = {Pensoft Publishers}, title = {A synopsis of the tribe Lachnophorini, with a new genus of Neotropical distribution and a revision of the Neotropical genus Asklepia Liebke, 1938 (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae)}, year = {2014}, volume = {430}, issue = {}, pages = {1--108}, doi = {10.3897/zookeys.430.8094}, url = {http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/8094/abstract}, note = {Versioned wiki page: 2014-08-01, version 63241, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Asklepia&oldid=63241 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.} } RIS/ Endnote: TY - JOUR T1 - A synopsis of the tribe Lachnophorini, with a new genus of Neotropical distribution and a revision of the Neotropical genus Asklepia Liebke, 1938 (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae) A1 - Erwin T A1 - Zamorano L Y1 - 2014 JF - ZooKeys JA - VL - 430 IS - UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.430.8094 SP - 1 EP - 108 PB - Pensoft Publishers M1 - Versioned wiki page: 2014-08-01, version 63241, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Asklepia&oldid=63241 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers. M3 - doi:10.3897/zookeys.430.8094 Wikipedia/ Citizendium: <ref name="Erwin2014ZooKeys430">{{Citation | author = Erwin T, Zamorano L | title = A synopsis of the tribe Lachnophorini, with a new genus of Neotropical distribution and a revision of the Neotropical genus Asklepia Liebke, 1938 (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae) | journal = ZooKeys | year = 2014 | volume = 430 | issue = | pages = 1--108 | pmid = | publisher = Pensoft Publishers | doi = 10.3897/zookeys.430.8094 | url = http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/8094/abstract | pmc = | accessdate = 2025-03-06 }} Versioned wiki page: 2014-08-01, version 63241, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Asklepia&oldid=63241 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.</ref> See also the citation download page at the journal.

Taxonavigation

Ordo: Coleoptera
Familia: Carabidae

Name

Asklepia Liebke, 1938 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

• Asklepia Liebke, 1938:113

Type species

Asklepia strandi Liebke, 1938:113.

Derivation of genus name

Asklepius, a Greek God of healing. Why Liebke used this name is unknown. See: http://www.mythologydictionary.com/asclepius-mythology.html

Proposed english vernacular name

Neat pattern-wing beetles.
Diagnosis (Figs 29–55, 57–75). Size range – ABL = 1.95 mm to 3.74 mm; with the attributes of the genus Asklepia as described by Liebke (1938). Adults with head and pronotum smooth and shiny; elytron quadrangular, apically truncated, margin slightly oblique, pattern coloration with pale maculae (slightly flavotestaceous in some individuals); labial palpomeres pubescent, ultimate article globose basally and subulate apically; legs testaceous; basal antennomeres fulvous, medial antennomeres infuscated, apical antennomeres white (the number of basal, medial, and apical antennomeres is described for each species below). Abdominal sterna sparsely pubescent.
Species are arrayed across three species groups based mainly on the armature of the male aedeagal endophallus: geminata species group (endophallus without spines, Fig. 57), hilaris species group (endophallus with multiple spines, Figs 58–63), and pulchripennis group (endophallus with two spines, Figs 64–74). In addition, the species of the geminata species group have elytral striae and moderately convex intervals; the hilaris group members have explanate lateral margins on the pronotum while those of the pulchripennis groups are feebly beaded only in the anterior half.

Dispersal potential

The wings are fully developed in most individuals we have studied, thus it is likely that these beetles are moderate to strong flyers; however, in at least two species there are also brachypterous adults. This is unusual in lowland Amazonian species; for example, see Adis et al. (1997 [1998]) on a species of an odacanthine near Manaus, Brazil.
Geographic

distribution

(Figs 76–78). As currently known, the range of this genus extends in cis-Andean South America from southeastern Colombia south to Bolivia and east to Guyana and Belém, Brazil, and from there south to Entre Ríos Province, Argentina.

Way of life

These species live close to water in wet leaf litter and on aquatic vegetation (macrophytes) of backwashes along rivers, streams, and lakeshores of both Varzea and Igapó forests and among dead leaf accumulations on rocky or sandy stream banks. Immature stages are unknown; however, given the wide variation in adult size within a species as noted in the introduction, it is possible that larvae are ectoparasitoids (cf. Erwin 1967, 1979; Frank et al. 2009).

Notes

Not much has been previously published on this genus. We now know there are many undescribed species across the Amazon Basin and on the Guiana Shield and the southern part of the Brazilian Shield; hence it is not monobasic as reported by Reichardt (1974). Bates (1871) actually described four species (assigned herein to Asklepia) placing them in the genus Eucaerus LeConte, none of which were recognized previously as an Asklepia species (cf. Liebke 1938; Reichardt 1974). Since the genus was in need of taxonomic revision, we have provided it here. Many areas of South America have not been sampled for very small water-side beetles; thus, it is likely many more species of this genus will be discovered in the future. As pointed out recently (Erwin et al. 2010), many very tiny-sized carabid clades have gone mostly unnoticed. In the 1930’s, the discovery of Gehringia olympica Darlington served to adjust the search image of carabidologists toward a fractal universe smaller than previously used; however, such search image needs to be focused more in the rainforests of the world.

Included species

The species list below, as well as arrangement of descriptions that follows, is ordered alphabetically.

geminata species group taxa

Asklepia geminata (Bates), 1871:78, new combination, Brazil, Perú

hilaris species group taxa

Asklepia campbellorum Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n., Brazil
Asklepia demiti Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n., Brazil
Asklepia duofos Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n., Brazil
Asklepia grammechrysea Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n., Perú
Asklepia hilaris (Bates), 1871:79, comb. n., Brazil
Asklepia laetitia Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n., Colombia
Asklepia lebioides (Bates), 1871:79, comb. n., Brazil
Asklepia matomena Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n., Brazil

pulchripennis species group taxa

Asklepia adisi Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n., Brazil, Perú
Asklepia asuncionensis Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n., Paraguay
Asklepia biolat Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n., Perú
Asklepia bracheia Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n., Perú
Asklepia cuiabaensis Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n., Brazil
Asklepia ecuadoriana Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n., Ecuador
Asklepia kathleenae Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n., Brazil
Asklepia macrops Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n., Argentina
Asklepia marchantaria Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n., Brazil
Asklepia marituba Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n., Brazil
Asklepia pakitza Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n., Perú
Asklepia paraguayensis Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n., Paraguay
Asklepia pulchripennis (Bates), 1871:79, comb. n., Brazil
Asklepia samiriaensis Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n., Perú
Asklepia stalametlitos Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n., Bolivia
Asklepia strandi Liebke, 1938:113 Guyana
Asklepia surinamensis Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n., Surinam
Asklepia vigilante Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n., Perú

Key to the species of Asklepia Liebke, 1938

Note. Because of the variability within species and the marked similarity across some species, only features of the male genitalia provide reliable means for identification of some species. Unfortunately, we did not have at our disposal males of all the species to image.

Key to the species of Asklepia Liebke, 1938 — T. Erwin , L. Zamorano

1		Elytron markedly striate, intervals moderately convex (geminata species group) (Habitus, Fig. 29)    Asklepia geminata (Bates)
1	’	Elytron devoid of striae, intervals and interneurs effaced from surface (although inconsistently spaced serial rows of interneur micropunctures can be seen through the transparent cuticle in some species and on the surface of others)    2
2	(1’)	Pronotum with lateral margin narrowly explanate (hilaris species group)    3
2	’	Pronotum with lateral margin effaced posterior to medial lateral seta except just slightly anterior to hind angle — there shortly beaded; some species slightly beaded from anterior angle to medial lateral seta but not explanate (pulchripennis species group)    9
3	(2)	Antennal scape and pedicel testaceous, antennomeres 3–7 deeply infuscated, antennomeres 8–11 white    4
3	’	Antennal scape and pedicel testaceous, antennomeres 3–6 deeply infuscated, antennomere 7 bicolored (Habitus, Fig. 32)    Asklepia duofos sp. n.
4	(3)	Pronotum completely infuscated or piceous (rarely median anterior margin slightly paler)    5
4	’	Pronotum infuscated or piceous only laterally, disc concolorous with pale elytral maculae (Habitus, Fig. 33)    Asklepia grammechrysea sp. n.
5	(4)	Dorsal surface largely dark, elytral maculae if present very small    6
5	’	Dorsal surface with dark fore body and large elytral maculae    7
6	(5)	Pronotum markedly constricted in basal third, markedly cordate. Mostly size larger (ABL = 3.2–3.83 mm; SBL = 2.18–3.20 mm; TW = 1.10–1.82 mm) (Habitus, Fig. 30)    Asklepia campbellorum sp. n.
6	’	Pronotum much less constricted in basal third, tapered to base. Mostly size smaller (ABL = 2.47–2.96 mm; SBL = 2.2–2.5 mm; TW = 1.15–1.45 mm) (Habitus, Fig. 37)    Asklepia matomena sp. n.
7	(5’)	Pronotum longer and narrow (W/L ratio = 1.331–1.550)    8
7	’	Pronotum short and wide (W/L ratio = 1.686–1.960), proportionally large, as wide as head across eyes (Habitus, Fig. 36)    Asklepia lebioides (Bates)
7	’’	Pronotum short and wide (W/L ratio = 1.686–1.960), proportionally small, not as wide as head across eyes (Habitus, Fig. 34)    Asklepia hilaris (Bates)
8	(7)	Elytron with anterior macula very extensive; interneurs well impressed and striatopunctate (Habitus, Fig. 35)    Asklepia laetitia sp. n.
8	’	Elytron with anterior macula small, divided in some individuals into two spots; interneurs of a very fine series of minute punctulae (Habitus, Fig. 31)    Asklepia demiti sp. n.
9	(2’)	Elytron with pale lateral margin restricted to apical half, mostly an extension inclusive of median macula in sector C    10
9	’	Elytron with pale lateral margin extended nearly to humerus (Habitus, Fig. 53)    Asklepia strandi Liebke
10	(9)	Antenna mostly pale, only antennomeres 4, 5, and 6 darkly infuscated    11
10	’	Antenna mostly infuscated, only antennomeres 1, 2, and 8–11 completely pale    12
11	(10)	Head infuscated    13
11	’	Head pale, flavous    14
12	(10’)	Antennomere 7 bicolored, base infuscated, apex white    15
12	’	Antennomere 7 entirely white    21
13	(11)	Pronotum wider than long (W/L ratio = 1.340–1.385 (Habitus, Fig. 54))    Asklepia surinamensis sp. n.
13	’	Pronotum nearly as wide as long (W/L ratio = 1.154 - 1.314) (Habitus, Fig. 38)    Asklepia adisi sp. n.
14	(11’)	Mostly size larger (ABL = 3.25 mm; SBL = 3.054 mm; MW = 1.648 mm). Eyes very large, anterior/posterior diameter markedly greater than length of antennomere 3. Elytra across humeri narrower than across apical third. Antennomere 3 testaceous (Habitus, Fig. 45)    Asklepia macrops sp. n.
14	’	Mostly size smaller (ABL = 2.72 mm; SBL = 2.477 mm; MW = 1.27 mm). Eyes normal for genus, anterior/posterior diameter about equal in length to that of antennomere 3. Elytra across humeri about equal to that at apical third. Antennomere 3 slightly infuscated (Habitus, Fig. 39)    Asklepia asuncionensis sp. n.
15	(12)	Elytra markedly shiny, microsculpture effaced    16
15	’	Elytra matte, microsculpture well developed, of isodiametric sculpticells (Habitus, Fig. 51)    Asklepia samiriaensis sp. n.
16	(15)	Head and pronotum markedly contrasting, head much darker in color than pronotum    17
16	’	Head and pronotum concolorous    18
17	(16)	Head and pronotum flavous. Pronotum much wider than long (W/L ratio = 1.726) (Habitus, Fig. 42)    Asklepia cuiabaensis sp. n.
17	’	Head and pronotum aurantiacus. Pronotum slightly wider than long (W/L ratio = 1.308–1.370) (Habitus, Fig. 48)    Asklepia pakitza sp. n.
18	(16’)	Head and pronotum pale, flavous, or aurantiacus    19
18	’	Head and pronotum infuscated (Habitus, Fig. 43)    Asklepia ecuadoriana sp. n.
19	(18)	Pronotum with beaded lateral margin. Elytron with large macula of sectors A, B, and C markedly U-shaped (e.g., Fig. 55)    20
19	’	Pronotum without beaded lateral margin. Elytron with large macula of sectors A, B, and C shallowly U-shaped in sector A (Habitus, Fig. 14)    Asklepia biolat sp. n.
20	(19)	Macula of sectors E and F extended to lateral margin (Habitus, Fig. 55)    Asklepia vigilante sp. n.
20	’	Macula of sectors E and F not extended to lateral margin (Habitus, Fig. 52)    Asklepia stalametlitos sp. n.
21	(12’)	Head infuscated, pronotum pale    22
21	’	Head and pronotum both pale, flavous or aurantiacus    23
22	(21)	Size larger (ABL = 2.81 mm; SBL = 2.478 - 2.769 mm; TW = 1.264–1.506 mm). Elytra across humeri square, lateral margins parallel; all available specimens alate (Habitus, Fig. 49)    Asklepia paraguayensis sp. n.
22	’	Size smaller (ABL = 2.26 mm; SBL = 2.167 mm; TW = 1.241 mm). Elytra across humeri narrow, lateral margins rounded, sloped to humerus; both available specimens brachypterous (Habitus, Fig. 44)    Asklepia kathleenae sp. n.
23	(21’)	Elytra markedly short and convex (LE/LP ratio = 2.72–2.79)    24
23	’	Elytra of normal length for genus (LE/LP ratio = 2.84–2.96)    25
24	(23)	Pronotum narrow, its width less than width across eyes (Habitus, Fig. 41)    Asklepia bracheia sp. n.
24	’	Pronotum broad, its width equal to width across eyes (Habitus, Fig. 47)    Asklepia marituba sp. n.
25	(23’)	Pronotum globose, markedly convex and broad; frons markedly convex. Elytron with apex broadly infuscated (Habitus, Fig. 46)    Asklepia marchantaria sp. n.
25	’	Pronotum moderately convex, narrow; frons barely convex. Elytron with apex completely pale (Habitus, Fig. 50)    Asklepia pulchripennis (Bates)

Taxon Treatment

• Erwin, T; Zamorano, L; 2014: A synopsis of the tribe Lachnophorini, with a new genus of Neotropical distribution and a revision of the Neotropical genus Asklepia Liebke, 1938 (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae) ZooKeys, 430: 1-108. doi

Images

Figure 11–14. 11 Euphorticus sp. (only Euphorticus pubescens (Dejean) is known from México and this is not that species). Digital Photo-illustration. Habitus, dorsal aspect, based on specimen ADP132558 from Tapilulu, México 12 Guatemalteca virgen Erwin. Digital Photo-illustration. Habitus, dorsal aspect, based on specimen ADP132546 from nr. La Virgen, Costa Rica 13 Homethes sp. Digital Photo-illustration. Habitus, dorsal aspect, based on specimen ADP133797 from Australia 14 Lachnaces sp. (at present this genus has three described species, all from the upper Amazon Basin). Digital Photo-illustration. Habitus, dorsal aspect, based on specimen ADP132578 from Tambopata Reserved Zone, Explorer’s Inn, Perú.  Figures 29–32. Digital Photo-illustrations, habitus, dorsal aspect of holotypes. 29 Asklepia geminata (Bates, 1871) ADP132513, Santarém, Río Tapajos, Brazil 30 Asklepia campbellorum Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP133032, 20 km SW Manaus, Brazil 31 Asklepia demiti Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n. ADP132539, Río Demiti, Brazil. Note that the holotype has feebly infuscated antennomeres 3-7, others in the series have more normal infuscation, as in other species with this attribute 32 Asklepia duofos Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP133147, 20 km SW Manaus, Brazil. Scale line = 1 mm.  Figure 33–36. Digital Photo-illustrations, habitus, dorsal aspect of holotypes. 33 Asklepia grammechrysea Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP133151, Pithecia, Perú 34 Asklepia hilaris (Bates, 1871), comb. n., Brazil ADP132543, São Paulo de Olivença, Brazil 35 Asklepia laetitia Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP109190, Leticia, Colombia 36 Asklepia lebioides (Bates, 1871), comb. n., ADP109194, Santarém, Río Tapajos, Brazil. Scale line = 1 mm.  Figure 37–40. Digital Photo-illustrations, habitus, dorsal aspect of holotypes. 37 Asklepia matomena Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP132519, 20 km SW Manaus, Brazil 38 Asklepia adisi Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n. Adis #000691, Ilha de Marchantaria, Lago Camaleão, Brazil 39 Asklepia asuncionensis Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n. ADP130036, Asunción, Rio Paraguay, Paraguay 40 Asklepia biolat Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n. ADP132509, Pakitza, Perú. Scale line = 1 mm.  Figure 41–44. Digital Photo-illustrations, habitus, dorsal aspect of holotypes. 41 Asklepia bracheia Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP008121, Cocha Shimagai, Perú 42 Asklepia cuiabaensis Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n. ADP130044, Cuiabá, Brazil 43 Asklepia ecuadoriana Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n. ADP132485, Limoncocha, Ecuador 44 Asklepia kathleenae Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n. ADP132460, Belém, Brazil. Scale line = 1 mm.  Figure 45–48. Digital Photo-illustrations, habitus, dorsal aspect of holotypes. 45 Asklepia macrops Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n. ADP132496, Concordia, Río Uruguay, Argentina 46 Asklepia marchantaria Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n. Adis #000727, Ilha de Marchantaria, Lago Camaleão, Brazil 47 Asklepia marituba Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP132494, Ananindeua, Marituba, Brazil 48 Asklepia pakitza Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n. ADP132466, Patkitza, Perú. Scale line = 1 mm.  Figure 49–52. Digital Photo-illustrations, habitus, dorsal aspect of holotypes. 49 Asklepia paraguayensis Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n. ADP130038, San Lorenzo, Río Paraguay, Paraguay 50 Asklepia pulchripennis (Bates, 1871), comb. n., ADP132531, Santarém, Río Tapajos, Brazil 51 Asklepia samiriaensis Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP051663, Boca del Río Samiria, Perú 52 Asklepia stalametlitos Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP132535, Guayamerín, Río Mamoré, Bolivia. Scale line = 1 mm.  Figure 53–55. Digital Photo-illustrations, habitus, dorsal aspect of holotypes. 53 Asklepia strandi Liebke, 1938, Guyana, ABL = 3.00 mm (from Liebke, 1938:114). Liebke’s illustration of Asklepia strandi Liebke. The single specimen Liebke described was likely lost during World War II. We have seen no specimens from Guyana, nor any specimens matching this illustration from anywhere 54 Asklepia surinamensis Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n. ADP130040, l’Hermitage, Surinam River, Surinam 55 Asklepia vigilante Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n. ADP051642, Boca del Río Samiria, Perú. Scale line = 1 mm.  Figure 57–62. Illustrations, male aedeagus, dorsal, ventral, left lateral aspects. 57 Asklepia geminata (Bates, 1871) ADP109186, Río Samiria, Boca Caño Inglés Camp, Perú 58 Asklepia campbellorum Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP109196, 20 km SW Manaus, Brazil 59 Asklepia demiti Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n. ADP132585, Rio Demiti, Brazil 60 Asklepia grammechrysea Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP052565, Río Sucusari, Perú 61 Asklepia laetitia Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP109190, Leticia, Colombia. Legend: a apical area; bl basal lobe; bo basal orifice; lp left paramere; ml median lobe; om ostial membrane; oo ostial opening; rp right paramere; sh shaft; pb phallobase; ps phallobase shaft; ms medial spine; ds distal spine 62 Asklepia lebioides (Bates, 1871), comb. n., ADP109208, Rio Demiti, Brazil. Scale line = 0.25 mm.  Figure 63–68. Illustrations, male aedeagus, dorsal, ventral, left lateral aspects. 63 Asklepia matomena Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP132527, 20 km SW Manaus, Brazil 64 Asklepia adisi Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n. Adis # 001335, Ilha de Marchantaria, Lago Camaleão, Brazil 65 Asklepia biolat Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n. ADP132480, Pakitza, Perú 66 Asklepia bracheia Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP067304, Boca del Río Samiria Perú 67 Asklepia ecuadoriana Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n. ADP132468, Limoncocha, Ecuador. Endophallus not everted 68 Asklepia ecuadoriana Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n. ADP132468, Limoncocha, Ecuador. Endophallus everted. Scale line = 0.25 mm.  Figure 69–74. 69 Asklepia kathleenae Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n. ADP132529, Belém, Brazil 70 Asklepia marchantaria Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n. Adis # 001103, Ilha de Marchantaria, Lago Camaleão, Brazil 71 Asklepia pakitza Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n. ADP132466, Pakitza, Perú 72 Asklepia paraguayensis Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP132769, San Lorenzo Paraguay 73 Asklepia surinamensis Zamorano & Erwin, sp. n. ADP132763, l’Hermitage, Surinam 74 Asklepia vigilante Erwin & Zamorano, sp. n. ADP067301, Boca del Río Samiria, Perú.  Figure 75. Asklepia demiti sp. n. Digital Photo-illustration, female genitalia based on specimen ADP132483 from Rio Demiti, Brazil. A Dorsal aspect. Legend, bc, bursa copulatrix; co common oviduct; sg spermathecal gland; sgd spermathecal gland duct; sp spermatheca. dorsal aspect; vc villous canal; lt laterotergite; gc1 gonocoxite 1; gc2 gonocoxite 2. B Gonocoxite 2, dorsal aspect: Legend, b base of gonocoxite 2; bl blade of gonocoxite 2; des dorsal ensiform seta. C. Defense gland (gldr); cc accessory gland; ed efferent duct.  Figure 76–77. 76 Distribution map for known localities of Asklepia geminata (Bates) 77 Distribution map for known localities of Asklepia species of the hilaris group.  Figure 78. Distribution map for known localities of Asklepia species of the pulchripennis group.