Anilocra haemuli
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Ordo: Isopoda
Familia: Cymothoidae
Genus: Anilocra
Name
Anilocra haemuli Bunkley Williams & Williams, 1981 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Anilocra haemuli(Part) Bunkley Williams and Williams 1981[1]: 1004–1014, figs 4–5; Williams and Williams 1985[2]: 92–95; Bunkley-Williams and Williams 1998[3]: 862–869; Bunkley-Williams et al. 1999: 311-314; Bunkley-Williams et al. 2006[4]: 175–188; Welicky and Sikkel 2014[5]: 1018–1026, 2015[6]: 1437–1446; Welicky et al. in press[7] [specimens from Haemulon flavolineatum]
Type material
Holotype (female, TL, W unknown) subocular region of Haemulon flavolineatum (USNM 184796); allotype (male, TL, W unknown) (USNM 184797); Paratypes (USNM 184798-184805) (Bunkley Williams and Williams 1981[1]). Not examined.
Material examined
All material from the subocular region of Haemulon flavolineatum. (TL, W, Voucher Number) Collected by EH and LB Williams: ♀ (32, 13, AMNH_IZC 250203; 32, 14, AMNH_IZC 250204) Mosquito Island, BVI; ♀ (30, 10) West End Enrique Reef, La Parguera, Puerto Rico, 30 Nov 1976; ♀ (30,12, AMNH_IZC 250205) San Cristobal Reef, La Parguera, Puerto Rico, 30 Nov 1976; ♀ (30, 11, AMNH_IZC 250206; 29,14) Mingo Cay, St. John, USVI, 4 Mar 1977; ♀ (32, 13; 34, 14, AMNH_IZC 250207) Lameshur Bay, St. John, USVI, 2 Mar 1977; ♀ (31, 12, AMNH_IZC 250208) West of buoy site, SE of La Parguera, Puerto Rico, 22 Jan 1977. Collected by PC Sikkel and/or ER Brill: ♀ (30, 11; 31, 12) Cinnamon Bay, St. John, Jun 2011; ♀ (28, 12) White Bay, Guana Island, BVI; Jul 2011; ♀ (damaged; 25, 9) St. Thomas, USVI, Jun 2012; ♀ (25, 10) White Bay, Guana Island, BVI, Jul 2012; ♀ (26, 11) Jumbee Bay, St. John, USVI, Jul 2013; ♀ (22, 9; 28, 12) TS (12, 6) White Bay, Guana Island, BVI, Jul-Aug 2016.
Ovigerous female
Size intact (29, 13). Body weakly ovoid, 2–2.6 times as long as greatest width, dorsal surfaces smooth and polished in appearance, widest at pereonite 5, most narrow at pereonite 1, lateral margins mostly ovate posteriorly. Cephalon 0.5–0.7 times longer than wide, visible from dorsal view, weakly trapezoid shaped. Frontal margin rounded to form blunt rostrum or simple, not folded. Eyes oval with distinct margins, one eye width 0.1–0.2 times width of cephalon; one eye length 0.4–0.5 times length of cephalon. Pereonite 1 smooth, anterior border straight, anterolateral angle narrowly rounded, not produced. Posterior margins of pereonites smooth and slightly curved laterally. Coxae 2–3 wide; with posteroventral angles rounded; 4–7 rounded and curved; not extending past pereonite posterior margin. Pereonites 1–5 increasing in length and width; 6–7 decreasing in length and width; 1–4 narrower. Pleon with pleonite 1 wider than pleonites 2–5, visible in dorsal view; pleonites posterior margin 1–3 posteriorly weakly concave, 4–5 mostly straight. Pleonite 2 not overlapped by pereonite 7; posterolateral angles of pleonite 2 narrowly rounded. Pleonite 1 similar in form to pleonite 2. Pleonite 5 free, not overlapped by lateral margins of pleonite 4, posterior margin straight. Pleotelson 0.9 times as long as anterior width, dorsal surface smooth. Pleotelson lateral margins convex, posterior margin narrowly rounded. Antennula consisting of 7–8 articles; peduncle articles 1 and 2 distinct and articulated; article 2 0.8 times as long as article 1; article 3 0.9 times as long as wide, 0.4 times as long as combined lengths of articles 1 and 2; flagellum with 5 articles, extending to posterior margin of eye. Terminal article with 2 short simple terminal setae. Antenna consisting of 10 articles; article 3 1.6 times as long as article 2; article 4 1.2 times as long as wide, 1.5 times as long as article 3; article 5 1.3 times as long as wide, 1.1 times as long as article 4; flagellum with 5 articles, terminal article terminating in 5 short simple setae, extending to middle of pereonite 1. Mandibular molar process ending in an acute incisor; mandibular palp article 3 with 7 simple setae. Maxillula simple with 4 terminal robust setae. Maxilla mesial lobe partly fused to lateral lobe; lateral lobe with 2 recurved robust setae; mesial lobe with 2 recurved robust setae. Maxilliped weakly segmented, with lamellar oostegite lobe, article 3 with 3 small robust setae.
Pereopod 1 basis 1.7 times as long as greatest width; ischium 0.7 times as long as basis; merus proximal margin without bulbous protrusion; carpus with straight proximal margin; propodus 1.3 times as long as wide; dactylus stout, 2.7 times as long as propodus, 3.8 times as long as wide. Pereopod 2 propodus 2.1 times as long as wide; dactylus 2.2 as long as propodus. Pereopod 6 basis 2.6 times as long as greatest width; ischium 0.5 times as long as basis; propodus 1.3 times as long as wide; dactylus 2.5 times as long as propodus. Pereopod 7 basis 3.2 times as long as greatest width; ischium 0.7 times as long as basis, without protrusions; merus proximal margin without bulbous protrusion; merus 1.1 times as long as wide, 1.6 times as long as ischium; carpus 1.5 times as long as wide, 0.5 times as long as ischium, without bulbous protrusion; propodus 2.6 times as long as wide, 0.8 times as long as ischium; dactylus slender, 1.8 times as long as propodus, 5.0 times as long as wide. Pereopod 7 with few setae on propodus, carpus, and merus. Pleopods without setae, exopod larger than endopod. Pleopod 1 exopod 1.5 times as long as wide, lateral margin weakly convex, distally narrowly rounded, medial margin weakly oblique, mesial margin weakly convex; endopod 1.6 times as long as wide, lateral margin weakly convex, distally narrowly rounded, mesial margin slightly convex; peduncle twice as wide as long, without retinaculae, pointed projection on lateral margin. Pleopods 2–5 similar to pleopod 1. Pleopods 3–5 endopods proximal borders do not extend below exopod to peduncle, fleshy lobes and medial lobes present. Peduncle lobes absent.
Uropod length equal length of pleotelson; peduncle 0.7–0.9 times longer than rami, lateral margin without setae; rami not extending beyond pleotelson, marginal setae absent, apices broadly rounded. Endopod apically rounded, 3.1–3.5 times as long as greatest width. Exopod not extending to end of endopod, 3.8–4.4 times as long as greatest width, apically rounded, lateral margin weakly convex, mesial margin weakly convex, terminating without setae.
Transitional stage
Size (12, 6). Similar to female but smaller. Body 2.5 times as long as wide. Antennula bases separated, consisting of 8 articles, extending to posterior margin of eye. Antenna consisting of 10 articles, extending to middle of pereonite 1. Mandibular molar process ending in an acute incisor; mandibular palp article 3 with 11 simple setae. Maxillula simple with 4 terminal robust setae. Maxilla mesial lobe partly fused to lateral lobe; lateral lobe with 2 recurved robust setae; mesial lobe with 2 recurved robust setae. Maxilliped weakly segmented, with lamellar oostegite lobe, article 3 with 3 small recurved robust setae. Pereopod 7 with few small robust setae on carpus, merus and propodus. Pleopod 2 appendix masculina absent.
Distribution
Off the coast of southern Florida (USA) and throughout the Caribbean (Bunkley Williams and Williams 1981[1]; Welicky et al. 2013[8], Welicky and Sikkel 2014[5], 2015[6], Welicky et al. in press[7]).
Hosts
Known from Haemulon flavolineatum (Desmarest, 1823), H. aurolineatum (Cuvier, 1830), H. carbonarium (Poey, 1860), H. chrysargyreum (Günther, 1859), H. macrostomum (Günther, 1859) H. plumieri (Lacépède, 1801), H. sciurus (Shaw, 1803). Host records previously reported and which should be verified in the future: Cephalopholis cruentaus (Lacepède, 1802; formerly reported and classified as Epinephelus cruentatus, Lacepède, 1802) , C. fulva (Linnaeus, 1758; formerly reported and classified as Epinephelus fulvus Linnaeus, 1758), Epinephelus guttatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Paranthias furcifer (Valenciennes, 1828), Mycteroperca rubra (Bloch, 1793), M. bonaci (Poey, 1860), and Orthopristis ruber (Cuvier, 1830).
Remarks
The description of A. haemuli from H. flavolineatum given above is in agreement with the original description in Bunkley Williams and Williams (1981)[1]. We supplement the original species diagnosis by now providing drawings and measurements of the antenna and antennula articles, additional pereopods, and pleopods.
Anilocra haemuli from H. flavolineatum can be distinguished from all other Caribbean species based on the morphological and/or site attachment differences among species that were reported in Bunkley Williams and Williams (1981)[1]. Pereopods 2–4 do not swell on the outer margin of the dactyl, thereby excluding it from being Anilocra adudefdufi Bunkley Williams & Williams, 1981, A. holocanthi Bunkley Williams & Williams, 1981, A. chaetodontis, or A. partiti Bunkley Williams & Williams, 1981. In A. haemuli, the posterioventral angle of pereonite 6 is slightly produced thereby excluding it from being A. holocentri. The The endopod of the uropod of A. haemuli extends beyond the posterior end of the exopod, which is not the case in Anilocra chromis or A. partiti. Whereas the attachment site of A. haemuli is under the eye, A. holocentri and A. myripristis Bunkley Williams & Williams, 1981 attach between the eyes, and A. acanthuri Bunkley Williams & Williams, 1981 attaches under the pectoral fin.
Taxon Treatment
- Welicky, R; Hadfield, K; Sikkel, P; Smit, N; 2017: Molecular assessment of three species of Anilocra (Isopoda, Cymothoidae) ectoparasites from Caribbean coral reef fishes, with the description of Anilocra brillae sp. n. ZooKeys, (663): 21-43. doi
Images
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Other References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Bunkley-Williams L, Williams E (1981) Nine new species of Anilocra (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothoidae) external parasites of West Indian coral reef fishes. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 94: 1005–1047.
- ↑ Williams L, Williams E (1985) Brood pouch release of Anilocra chromis Williams & Williams (Isopoda, Cymothoidae) a parasite of brown chromis, Chromis multilineatus (Guichenot) in the Caribbean. Crustaceana 49: 92–95. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854085X00251
- ↑ Bunkley-Williams L, Williams E (1998) Ability of Pederson cleaner shrimp to remove juveniles of the parasitic cymothoid isopod, Anilocra haemuli, from the host. Crustaceana 71: 862–869. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854098X00888
- ↑ Bunkley-Williams L, Williams J, Bashirullah A (2006) Isopods (Isopoda: Aegidae, Cymothoidae, Gnathiidae) associated with Venezuelan marine fishes (Elasmobranchii, Actinopterygii). Revista de Biología Tropical 54: 175–188.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Welicky R, Sikkel P (2014) Variation in occurrence of the fish-parasitic cymothoid isopod, Anilocra haemuli, infesting French grunt (Haemulon flavolineatum) in the north-eastern Caribbean. Marine and Freshwater Research 65: 1018–1026. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF13306
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Welicky R, Sikkel P (2015) Decreased movement related to parasite infestation in a diel migratory coral reef fish. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 69: 1437–1446. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-015-1956-3
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Welicky R, Demopoulos A, Sikkel P (in press) Host-dependent differences in resource use associated with Anilocra spp. parasitism in two coral reef fishes, as revealed by stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses. Marine Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12413
- ↑ Welicky R, Cheney K, Coile A, McCammon A, Sikkel P (2013) The relationship between lunar periodicity and activity of fish-parasitic gnathiid isopods in the Caribbean. Marine Biology 160: 1607–1617. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2213-9
