Andraca
| Notice: | This page is derived from the original publication listed below, whose author(s) should always be credited. Further contributors may edit and improve the content of this page and, consequently, need to be credited as well (see page history). Any assessment of factual correctness requires a careful review of the original article as well as of subsequent contributions.
If you are uncertain whether your planned contribution is correct or not, we suggest that you use the associated discussion page instead of editing the page directly. This page should be cited as follows (rationale):
Citation formats to copy and paste
BibTeX: @article{Wang2011ZooKeys127, RIS/ Endnote: TY - JOUR Wikipedia/ Citizendium: <ref name="Wang2011ZooKeys127">{{Citation See also the citation download page at the journal. |
Ordo: Lepidoptera
Familia: Endromidae
Name
Andraca Walker, 1865 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Andraca Walker, 1865, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus., 32: 581. (Type species: Andraca bipunctata Walker, 1865, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus., 32: 582, by monotype. Type locality: Hindostan, India.)
- Pseudoeupterote Shiraki, 1911, Catalogue Insectorum Noxiorum Formosarum: 48. (Type species: Oreta theae Matsumura, 1909, Thousand Insects of Japan, 1: 582, by monotype. Type locality: Formosa (=Taiwan)). Type-species designation by monotype.
Description
Forewing weakly falcate. Ground color varying from shades of brown to sandy grey.
Male genitalia. Uncus apically single-pointed to weakly indented; gnathos with two long, basally broad, upcurved arms; valvae basally broad, sclerotized, long or medium length; aedeagus short with apex truncated, cornuti present or absent.
Female genitalia (Andraca bipunctata). Eighth segment curved deeply, ventral margin of ostium bursae extends posteriorly as a broad bilobed plate, ductus bursae sclerotized distal to mid-point, tapering to half width; distal half unsclerotized with slight torsion, corpus bursae lacking a signum.
Distribution
Oriental Region, S & E Palaearctic.
Remarks
Andraca species have sometimes been described in Mustilia (e.g., Chu and Wang 1993[1], 1996[2]), and misidentification has also been frequent (Chu and Wang 1993[1], 1996[2]). Andraca was considered to belong to ‘the Mustilia lineage’ of Prismostictinae Forbes, 1955 (Holloway 1987[3]; Minet 1994[4]; Lemaire and Minet 1999[5]; Holloway et al. 2001[6]). Our own unpublished work also shows that Andraca is close to Mustilia Walker, 1865 and Mustilizans Yang, 1995, based on phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences (COI + 18S +28S) (Wang 2010[7]).
Sevastopulo (1938)[8] described the fully grown larvae of the type species. The larvae are gregarious, have short hairs covering the body, and are often heavily parasitized. Pupation is in a thin cocoon of brown silk spun among leaves.
Key to the Chinese Andraca species
Taxon Treatment
- Wang, X; Zeng, L; Wang, M; 2011: The genus Andraca (Lepidoptera, Endromidae) in China with descriptions of a new species ZooKeys, 127: 29-42. doi
Other References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Chu H, Wang L (1993) Saturniidae of China. Bulletin of Zoology. Science Press. Beijing, 10: 211-238.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Chu H, Wang L (1996) Fauna Sinica Insecta V, Lepidoptera: Bombycidae. Science Press. Beijing, 1996: 24pp.
- ↑ Holloway J (1987) The moths of Borneo (III). Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur, 74–90.
- ↑ Minet J (1994) The Bombycoidea–Phylogeny and higher classification (Lepidoptera, Glossata). Entomologica Scandinavica 25 (1): 63-88.
- ↑ Lemaire C, Minet J (1999) The Bombycoidea and their relatives. In: Kristensen N (Ed). Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. 1. Evolution, systematics and biogeography. Handbook of Zoology 4(35), Walter de Gruyter, Berlin & New York: 321-354.
- ↑ Holloway J, Kibby G, Peggie D (2001) Fauna Malesiana Handbook, 3. The Families of Malesian Moths and Butterflies. Brill, Leiden/Boston/Köln. xi + 455 pp.
- ↑ Wang X (2010) Studies on the Systematics of Bombycidae from China (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea). Unpublished PhD Thesis (South China Agricultural University, China.)
- ↑ Sevastopulo D (1938) Early stages of Indian Lepidoptera (18). Journal of Bombay Natural History Society 35: 40-46.
