Anchista
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Ordo: Coleoptera
Familia: Carabidae
Name
Anchista Nietner, 1856 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Anchista Nietner 1856[1]: 523; Nietner 1857[2]: 374 (redundant publication); Chaudoir 1877[3]: 236 (in part); Csiki 1932[4]: 1455 (catalogue); Jedlička 1963[5]: 449 (in part; key to species); Habu 1967[6]: 137 (in part); Habu 1982[7]: 102 (in part); Kirschenhofer 1994[8]: 1006 (in part; key to species).
Type-species:
Anchista modesta Nietner, 1856 [= Anchista brunnea (Wiedemann)], by monotypy.
Diagnosis
Mandibles moderately widened (Fig. 149); pronotum with lateral margins slightly angulate in middle (Fig. 154), mid-lateral setae present; elytral 5th interval with one to four setigerous pores near base; terminal sternum of males moderately emarginate, with one pair of setae; median lobe of aedeagus usually strongly setose around apical orifice, internal sac without flagellum.
This genus is most closely related to Paraphaea Bates and Metallanchista gen. n. Comparison of these genera is presented in the key to genera and in the diagnosis of Paraphaea and Metallanchista.
Generic characters
Dorsal side generally reddish brown to dark brown; elytra unicolored or bicolored. Head glabrous or sparsely pubescent; eyes hemispherical and strongly prominent; tempora shorter than half length of eyes, strongly narrowed behind eyes; vertex flat. Antennae extended to elytral base; 1st antennomere gradually narrowed to base, 3rd slightly longer than 4th. Labrum smooth, without secondary setae; mandibles moderately widened, outer margin nearly straight (Fig. 149), glabrous on outer scrobe and dorsal ridge; terminal maxillary palpomeres fusiform in both sexes; terminal labial palpomeres strongly securiform, apex truncate in males, less widened in females; ligula with apex slightly projected, with four long setae; paraglossae membranous, not longer than ligula, adnate; mentum tooth simple, with two setae near base; submentum with two long setae; genae glabrous or sparsely pubescent beneath eyes. Pronotum slightly wider than head, disc glabrous or pubescent; mid-lateral setae present; front angles more or less setose, hind angles generally with a few additional short setae; pronotal base briefly but distinctly lobed; lateral margins slightly angulate in middle (Fig. 154), distinctly sinuate before hind angles; hind angles sharp, rectangular or nearly so. Elytra wide, apex truncate, sutural angles not projected, outer angles evenly rounded; laterally slightly depressed in basal one-third, disc with an indistinct depression near basal two-fifths; umbilical pores of 9th interval placed in one row (Fig. 147); basal margination nearly complete or only reaching to 3rd interval; basal pores well developed; 3rd interval with two to four primary setigerous pores, 5th interval with one to four primary setigerous pores near base; elytra glabrous or pubescent; 7th and 8th intervals slightly tumid near apex. Ventral side nearly glabrous; males with apex of terminal sternum moderately emarginate, with one pair of setae; females with apex of terminal sternum straight or slightly emarginate, with two pairs of setae. Legs short; protibiae with cleaning spur well developed, quite distant from inner margin; tarsi widened, 4th tarsomere bifid, claws pectinate; males with adhesive hairs well developed (two whole rows) on 1st to 3rd protarsomeres; well developed or rudimentary (two rows but very weakly present near apex) on first three mesotarsomeres; absent on metatarsomeres. Male genitalia with median lobe of aedeagus nearly straight, not twisted; apical orifice opened dorsally, basal margin of apical orifice setose or glabrous; internal sac without flagellum or apical bursa, with weakly sclerotized sclerites and spined areas on internal sac. Female genitalia. Spermatheca tubular, not bent, with indistinct ring-sculpture, inserted on bursa copulatrix; spermathecal gland slender and long, inserted near apex of spermatheca. Apical segment of ovipositor scimitar-form, curved to outer side, inner margin slightly angulate near apex; with fine fluff near apex; apex with elongate membranous extension.
Distribution
(Map 3). This genus includes four species. Anchista pilosa is known only from the type locality (Bangalore, south India). The other three species are found in many localities in Indian Subcontinent, with Anchista fenestrata also occurring in Myanmar.
Monophyly and relationships
The relationship between Anchista and Paraphaea is discussed under Paraphaea. The monophyly of Anchista is suggested by the following apomorphic character states: (1) pronotum slightly angulate in middle; (2) median lobe of aedeagus with main flagellum reduced, usually setose around apical orifice; (3) spermathecal gland inserted near apex of spermatheca.
Taxonomic comments
Based on setose aedeagal apical orifice and mandibles moderately widened, Anchista could be closely related to Paraphaea Bates, although they have a different aedeagal internal sac, male secondary sexual character and distribution center. Anchista, together with Metallanchista gen. n., is unique in Physoderina in having an aedeagal internal sac without flagellum. The slightly sclerotized area near the median lobe base shows a reduced trumpet-form expansion (Fig. 71), so we believe these three genera are closely allied.
Key to species of Anchista Nietner
Taxon Treatment
- Shi, H; Zhou, H; Liang, H; 2013: Taxonomic synopsis of the subtribe Physoderina (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini), with species revisions of eight genera ZooKeys, 284: 1-129. doi
Other References
- ↑ Nietner J (1856) Entomological papers, being descriptions of new Ceylon Coleoptera with such observations on their habits as appear in any way interesting. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 25 [1856]: 381–394, 523–554.
- ↑ Nietner J (1857) Descriptions of new Ceylon Coleoptera. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (2) 19: 241–249, 374–388. doi: 10.1080/00222935708697726
- ↑ Chaudoir B (1877) Genres nouveaux et especes inedites de la famille des Carabiques. Bulletin de la Société Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 52 (1): 188-268.
- ↑ Csiki E (1932) Carabidae: Harpalinae VII (Pars 124). In: Junk W Schenkling S (Eds). Coleopterorum catalogus. Volumen III. Carabidae III. Berlin: 1279-1598.
- ↑ Jedlička A (1963) Monographie der Truncatipennen aus Ostasien, Lebiinae- Odacanthinae- Braehyninae (Coleptera, Carabidae). Entomologische Abhandlungen und Berichte aus dem Staatlichen Museum fuer Tierkunde in Dresden 28: 269-579.
- ↑ Habu A (1967) Fauna Japonica, Carabidae Truncatipennes Group (Insecta: Coleoptera). Biogeographical Society of Japan. Japan, 338 pp.
- ↑ Habu A (1982) Revised and supplementary notes on and descriptions of the Truncatipennes group of Japan (2) (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Entomological Review of Japan 37 (2): 83-118.
- ↑ Kirschenhofer E (1994) Neue und wenig bekannte Carabidae aus der palaarktischen und orientalischen Region (Col., Carabidae, Lebiinae, Odacanthinae, Brachininae, Panagaeinae). Linzer Biologische Beiträge 26 (2): 999-1067.
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