Adosomus (Trnka, Filip, Stejskal, Robert & Skuhrovec, Jiří 2015)
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Ordo: Coleoptera
Familia: Curculionidae
Genus: Adosomus
Name
Adosomus roridus Pallas, 1781 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Adosomus roridus Trnka, Filip, 2015, Zootaxa 4021: 435-441.
Materials Examined
Material examined. SLOVAKIA: Bratislava region: Pezinok-Grinava env., (48 ° 16 ' 9.66 "N, 17 ° 13 ' 52.95 "E). 27.v. 2012 (1 pupa (♂)), 15.v. 2014 (4 larvae, 1 pupa (♀)), 13.vii. 2014 (1 pupa (♂)), all leg. F. Trnka.
Description
Description of mature larva. COLOURATION. Brown or dark brown head with a distinct pale pattern around the frontal suture and lateral sides (Fig. 4 C). All thoracic and abdominal segments white; only dorsum of pronotum with elongated light brown stripe (Figs. 4 C–D). HEAD CAPSULE AND MOUTH PARTS. Head width: 2.5 –3.0 mm (mean 2.8 mm), suboval, flattened laterally, endocarinal line long exceeded almost to the half of frons. Frontal sutures on head distinct, extended to antennae. Single stemma (st), in the form of a dark pigmented spot, located on each side anterolaterally. Des 1 and des 2 located in upper part of the central part of epicranium, des 1 near to the middle part of epicranium, and des 2 near to side of epicranium, des 3 located anterially near to frontal suture, des 4 located in the central part of epicranium, des 5 located anterolaterally; all des long, almost all equal in length (Fig. 1 A). Fs 1 and fs 2 placed medially, fs 3 located anteriomedially, fs 4 located anteriolaterally, and fs 5 located laterally, close to the epistoma; all setae relatively long, fs 5 slightly longer than the remaining four setae (Fig. 1 A). Les 1–2 as long as des 1; and ves 1–3 short. Epicranial area without pores. Antennae located at the end of the frontal suture on each side, membranous and slightly convex basal article bearing conical triangular sensorium, relatively long; basal membranous article with 3 sensillae different in both shape and length (Fig. 1 D). Clypeus (Fig. 1 E) approx. 2.2 times as wide as long with 2 relatively long cls, almost equal in length, localized posteriolaterally and 1 sensillum; anterior margin rounded to the inside; median part covered by thorn-shaped cuticular processes. Labrum (Fig. 1 E) approximately 4 times as wide as long, with 3 pairs of hairform lms, of different length; lms 3 distinctly shorter than very long lms 1 and lms 2; lms 1 placed close to the margin with clypeus, lms 2 located anteriomedially and lms 3 located anteriolaterally; anterior margin double sinuate. Epipharynx (Fig. 1 F) with 4 blunt, finger-like als, unequal in length, 2 laterally als distinctly shorter than 2 medially als; 3 very short. blunt, finger-like ams, ams 1 and ams 2 distinctly larger than ams 3; 2 pairs of short, blunt mes, unequal in length; labral rods (lr) rather broad, sub-triangular, approximating towards base. Mandibles (Fig. 1 C) distinctly broad, bifid, tooth of unequal height; slightly truncate; both mds relatively long, hairform, located in distinct holes. Maxilla (Fig. 1 B) stipes with 1stps, 2pfs and 1mbs, stps and pfs 1–2 very long, equal in length, mbs very short; mala with 12 bacilliform dms in two different lengths (6 very long and 6 relatively long); 5 short vms, almost equal in length; vms distinctly shorter than dms. Maxillary palpi with two palpomeres; basal palpomere with 1 very short mxps and two sensilla; length ratio of basal and distal palpomeres: 1: 0.9; distal palpomere with one sensillum and a group of conical, cuticular apical processes. Praelabium (Fig. 1 B) heart-shaped and distinctly elongated, with 1 very long prms; ligula with sinuate margin and 3 hairform short ligs, unequal in length; premental sclerite well visible. Labial palpi with two palpomeres; length ratio of basal and distal palpomeres: 1: 0.8; distal palpomere with one sensillum and short, cuticular apical processes; basal palpomere with 1 dorsal sensillum. Postlabium (Fig. 1 B) with 3pms, pms 1 located anterially, remaining two pairs laterally; pms 1 and pms 2 very long, pms 3 distinctly shorter; surface of postlabium partly covered by distinct cuticular processes. THORAX AND ABDOMEN. Body length: 12.0– 16.4 mm (mean 14.5 mm) stocky, slightly curved, rounded in cross section (Fig. 2 A). The widest place in the body (metathorax and abdominal segments I–IV) measuring up to 6.0 mm. Prothorax distinctly smaller than meso- and metathorax. Metathorax and abdominal segments I–IV of almost equal length, next abdominal segments decreasing gradually to the terminal parts of the body. Abdominal segment X reduced to four anal lobes of unequal size, the dorsal being distinctly the largest, the lateral pair equal in size, and the ventral lobe very small. Anus located terminally. Spiracles (9 pairs) unicameral, the first placed between the pro- and mesothorax (see Material and methods), the abdominal spiracles located laterally, close to the anterior margin of abdominal segments I–VIII. Chaetotaxy of mature larva. Setae thin, short to relatively long, light yellow or orange. Thorax. Prothorax (Fig. 2 B) with 11prns unequal in length, 8 of them on weakly pigmented dorsal sclerite, this sclerite subdivided in two triangular plates medially, 3 of them closely to spiracle; 2 relatively long ps and 1eus. Mesothorax (Fig. 2 B) with 1prs; 5pds unequal in length, pds 1–3 and pds 5 long, pds 4 very short; 1 relatively long as; 3ss unequal in length, ss 1 and ss 2 short, ss 3 very short; 1 relatively long eps; 1 relatively long ps and 1 short eus. Chaetotaxy of metathorax (Fig. 2 B) almost identical to mesothoracal, metathorax with only 2ss almost equal in length, both short. Each pedal area of thoracic segments well separated, with 6 relatively long pda, 3 of them on pigmented pedal area, unequal in length. Abdomen. Abdominal segments I–VII (Figs 2 C–D) with 1 short prs; 6 relatively long pds, pds 5–6 the longest one, pds 3 the shortest; 2ss of unequal length, ss 1 very short, ss 2 long as pds 6; 2 relatively long eps of almost equal length; 2 relatively long ps of equal length; 1 short lsts and 2 short eus. Abdominal segment VIII (Fig. 2 D) with 1 short prs; 5pds, pds 6 lacking, pds 3 less than half of length of the four relatively long remaining setae; 2ss of unequal length, ss 1 very short, ss 2 long as pds 5; 2 relatively long eps of almost equal length, 2 relatively long ps of equal length, 1 short lsts and 2 short eus. Abdominal segment IX (Fig. 2 D) with 5ds (ds1,3,5 long, ds2,4 short); 3ps of unequal length, ps 1 very short, ps 2–3 almost long as ds 1 and 2 very short sts. Ventral anal lobe on abdominal segment X (Fig. 2 D) with 2-3 short seta (ts). Description of pupa. COLOURATION. Body whitish to yellowish. MORPHOLOGY (Figs. 3 A–C, 4 F). Body length: 13.0– 17.5 mm (♂ 13.5–17.5 mm; ♀ 13.0 mm), at the widest region: 4.8 –6.0 mm. The widest place in the body is commonly between the apex of the meso- or metafemora. Body stocky. Cuticle smooth. Rostrum short and wide, approximately 1.5 times as long as wide, extended to procoxae. Antennae relatively long and stout. Pronotum from 1.3 to 1.4 times as wide as long. Mesonotum and metanotum of almost equal length. Abdominal segments I–IV of almost equal length; abdominal segment V semicircular, next abdominal segments diminish gradually to the end of the body. Abdominal segments VI–IX distinctly smaller than other abdominal segments. Gonotheca (abdominal segment IX) in females (1 specimen) divided. Sexual dimorphism in weevils is visible mainly in the length of rostrum and in the structure of abdominal segment IX: gonotheca of ♂ undivided, of ♀ divided. CHAETOTAXY (Figs. 3 A–C). Setae short to very short, unequal in length, light yellow or orange, some setae on abdominal segments I–VIII distinctly get stronger and located on protuberances. Setae well visible. Head capsule includes only 1vs, 3sos and 4pas. Rostrum with 2rs. Setae on head capsule straight, as short as the remaining setae on thoracic and abdominal segments. Pronotum with 2as, 2ds, 2ls and 4pls, ds 1 distinctly shorter than the remaining setae. Dorsal parts of mesothorax with 1 seta located posteromedially, 1 seta posterolaterally and 4 (5) setae located along its anterior margin. Dorsal parts of metathorax with 4 setae located along its anterior margin. Each apex of femora with groups of 2fes. Dorsal parts of abdominal segments I–VIII each with 2 setae located posteriorly (d 1, d 10) and 8 pairs (d 2–9) located along theirs anterior margins. Setae d 2–4 (on abdominal segment I), d 2–6 and d 8 (on abdominal segment II), d 2–8 (on abdominal segment III–VII) short, thorn-like, located on protuberances. Remaining setae short, hair-like. Abdominal segments I–VII with groups of 2 lateral setae and 5 ventral setae (4 setae on abdominal segment VII). Dorsal part of abdominal segment VIII with 2 setae located posteriorlly (d 1, d 10) and 8 (d 2–9) located along its anterior margin; d 2, and d 3 thorn-like, located on protuberances; remaining setae short. Abdominal segment VIII with groups of 2 lateral setae and 4 short ventral setae. Abdominal segment IX with 2 ventral microsetae and 1 short, thin seta. Pseudocerci short, triangular, with 2 spines, and 3 ventral very short and 2 micro, thin setae. Comparison with larvae of other Cleonini. The larvae of ten cleonine taxa have already been described (Hoffmann 1950, Scherf 1964, Zotov 2011, Stejskal et al.2014). The detailed description of the pupa is similar for nine cleonine taxa (Scherf 1964, Zotov 2011, Stejskal et al.2014). The comparison of the larva and pupa of Adosomus roridus with those described by Scherf (1964) was somewhat difficult due to the use of different terminology for morphology and chaetotaxy and/or the absence of good quality drawings (more in Stejskal et al.2014). The comparison of the larva with Leucomigus tesselatus (Fairmaire, 1849) described/ drawn by Hoffmann (1950) is somewhat challenging due to the existence of only a few drawings, and some positions of setae are suspicious (e.g., number of fs, cls and mbs; see Skuhrovec et al. 2014, 2015). The descriptions of five cleonine larvae and pupae by Zotov (2011) are of higher quality and very useful; however, the described characters are only useful for differential diagnosis. The detailed descriptions of these five cleonine taxa are missing. Despite these challenges, we were able to compare the morphology of all ten taxa (Table 1). Table 1. Differential diagnosis of mature larvae and pupae of 11 species from the tribe Cleonini. Adosomus Asproparthenis Bothynoderes B. declivis Coniocleonus Cleonis Cyphocleonus C. dealbatus Leucomigus ‘ Pachycerus Rhabdorrhynchus roridus carinicollis affinis nigrosuturatus pigra achates tesselatus scabrosus ’ * karelinii Larva Endocarina present present present present absent present present absent absent absent present Number of des5 5 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 Number of fs5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 2 5 5 2 2 2 2 2 not 2 3 2 3 3 Number of les presented 3 not presented not presented not 2 not not presented not presented not presented not presented not presented Number of ves presented presented Number of cls2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 in a triangle in a triangle in a line in a line in a triangle in a in a line in a triangle in a line in a line in a line Position of lrms 1-3triangle Number of als4 3 3 3 4 4 3 6 3 3 3 Number of mds2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 Number of ligs3 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 Number of mbs1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 2 1 0 Number of pds on 6 4 6 6 6 7 6 not presented 5 5 6. seg I- VII Pupa Number of setae on 6 (7) 3 3 6 4 3 Unknown Unknown 4 6mesonotum Number of fes2 2 2 3 2 2 Unknown Unknown not presented 2 Number of setae on 10 8 6 9 7 9 Unknown Unknown 5-7 10 dorsum of Abd. seg. This larva was probably misidentified by Scherf (1964) and more likely belongs to the genus Rhabdorrhnychus (see the text for details).
May (1993) considered the increased number of pds on meso- and metathorax and abdominal segments I–VII and the increased number of epipharyngeal lining setae (als) (i.e., higher than the most frequent number of setae in weevils) (for details, see Stejskal et al.2014) as diagnostic for the mature larva of the subfamily Lixinae. Descriptions of mature larvae from the Lixini (Larinus species: Zotov 2009 a, 2010; Gosik & Skuhrovec 2011; Lixus species: Scherf 1964; Lee & Morimoto 1988; Nikulina 2001, 2007; Zotov 2009 a, b; Nikulina & Gültekin 2011; Gosik & Wanat 2014; Skuhrovec & Volovnik in press; Rhinocyllus conicus: May 1994) fit this diagnosis, as do all known species from the Cleonini tribe (Stejskal et al.2014). Gosik & Wanat (2014) compared the larvae and pupae of genera Lixus and Larinus and determined their differential characters. The precise key, detailed generic study of the Cleonini tribe and the comparison of both tribes was not possible because of our limited knowledge of the immature stages.
Taxon Treatment
- Trnka, Filip; Stejskal, Robert; Skuhrovec, Jiří; 2015: Biology and morphology of immature stages of Adosomus roridus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Lixinae), Zootaxa 4021: 435-441. doi
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