Acorhinotermes claritae

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Taxonavigation

Ordo: Blattodea
Familia: Rhinotermitidae
Genus: Acorhinotermes

Name

Acorhinotermes claritae Castro & Scheffrahn sp. nov. – Wikispecies link – ZooBank link – Pensoft Profile

Type material

Holotype. Minor soldier from colony CATAC 2722.

Type-locality

COLOMBIA: Amazonas, Leticia (-4.08975, -69.92705).
Paratypes. COLOMBIA, Amazonas, Leticia, (-4.08975, -69.92705): 12.VII.2018, James Chase col., 87 m, 1 alate nymph, 45 minor soldiers, 156 workers (CATAC 2722); 12.VII.2018, Daniela Manso col., 87 m, 11 minor soldiers, 56 workers (CATAC 2723); (-4.08900, -69.92497): 12.VII.2018, James Chase col., 91 m, 5 minor soldiers, 2 workers (CATAC 2724); (-4.04875, -70.00527): 13.VII.2018, Daniela Manso col., 106 m, 33 minor soldiers, 41 workers (CATAC 2750); (-4.04972, -69.92704): Daniel Castro col, 97 m, 5 minor soldiers, 4 workers (UF no. CO 918).

Diagnosis

Minor soldier head with concave lateral margins forming a posterior constriction, with prominent mandibular points extend beyond the fontanelle.

Description

Alate nymph. (Fig. 1A, B) Head capsule yellowish-brown, widely oval with numerous long bristles. Antennae with 20 articles, 2<3=4. Dorsum of body concolorous with head capsule. Compound eyes subcircular, eye margins wide and broadly separated from antennal sockets. Ocelli of small size, oval, well separated from eyes. Clypeus linguiform, not buttressed by frontal projection. Pronotum margin with numerous long bristles; rounded lateral margins. Mandibles with M1 more prominent than apical teeth. Right mandible with M1 more projected than left mandible. Left mandible with M2 projected to half the length of M1, M2 and M3 forms an obtuse angle, M3 and molar tooth projected at same distance. Measurements (mm) for a single alate nymph: head length with labrum 1.27, head length to postclypeus 1.46, maximum width of the head with eyes 1.39, width of head without eyes 1.21, diameter of eye 0.25, ocellus diameter 0.08, length of pronotum 0.78, width of pronotum 1.36, total body-length without wings 6.81.
Comparisons.Acorhinotermes claritae sp. nov. has more abundant bristles in lateral view. The ocelli and eyes are smaller than the A. subfusciceps imago, and the clypeal projection projects more acutely in A. claritae sp. nov. and it is not buttressed by a frontal projection as in A. subfusciceps (Fig. 1C).
Minor soldier. (Fig. 2; Table 1) Head capsule, in dorsal view, with concave lateral margins forming posterior constriction 10–12 long erect bristles, without microscopic hairs. Antennae with 15 or 16 articles, formula 2=3<4=5. Mandible vestigial, point long, straight and sharp. Labrum hyperelongate, broadening apically; tip bilobed; nearly in same plane as vertex in lateral view. Fontanelle at basal one-fifth of labrum. Pronotum concolorous with head, with 4–8 dispersed bristles, 2–4 in anterior margin and 2–4 in surface, pronotum without microscopic hairs. Tergites pale yellow, margins covered by dense layer of hairs. Legs with many long and short bristles; thick bristles on foretibia.

Table 1. Measurements (mm) of 10 minor soldiers from three colonies of Acorhinotermes claritae sp. nov.

	Holotype	CATAC 2722		CATAC 2723		CATAC 2724
		Range	Mean ± SD	Range	Mean ± SD	Range	Mean ± SD
Max head width	0.53	0.45–0.58	0.53±0.05	0.53–0.63	0.58±0.03	0.55–0.66	0.59±0.03
Length head with labrum	1.30	1.18–1.36	1.31±0.06	1.23–1.38	1.32±0.05	1.23–1.40	1.28±0.05
Length of labrum	0.66	0.57–0.68	0.63±0.05	0.59–0.73	0.66±0.07	0.60–0.69	0.63±0.03
Pronotum width	0.42	0.39–0.46	0.43±0.03	0.43–0.49	0.47±0.02	0.44–0.56	0.48±0.04
Pronotum length	0.28	0.24–0.33	0.29±0.03	0.25–0.37	0.31±0.03	0.29–0.34	0.31±0.02
Length of hind tibia	0.84	0.81–0.89	0.85±0.03	0.77–0.88	0.82±0.03	0.80–0.93	0.84±0.04

Comparisons.Acorhinotermes claritae sp. nov. is smaller and has longer mandibular points than A. subfusciceps. In profile, the dorsa of the occiput, vertex, and labrum of A. claritae sp. nov. form a nearly straight line, while in A. subfusciceps this profile forms an obtuse angle (Fig. 3A, B). All minor soldiers of Dolichorhinotermes and Rhinotermes have the labrum tip bifurcated (forked or divided into two parts or branches), and it is much more bilobed in A. subfusciceps than in A. claritae sp. nov.

Biological notes

Acorhinotermes claritae sp. nov. was collected in a secondary rain forest near the Tacana river, close to a “chagra” (indigenous agricultural production system). During the wet season, these areas are in flood zones. The colonies were found in trunks of dead trees and in big dry branches on the ground. One particular colony of this species was found in a same dead branch together with Heterotermes tenuis (Hagen, 1858) and Cylindrotermes parvignatus Emerson, 1949, and another colony with Silvestritermes gnomus (Constantino, 1991). Acorhinotermes claritae sp. nov. was collected in a unique locality near the city of Leticia, although we did surveys in other two sites of a radius no greater than 15 km, it was not collected.

Distribution

The genus Acorhinotermes is distributed in the Amazon basin, Guiana shield and Caatinga (Fig. 5). A. claritae sp. nov. is restricted to the Amazon basin.

Etymology

The species is named in honor of Dr. Clara (Clarita) Peña-Venegas, who has supported and promoted the knowledge and inventories of termites and other terrestrial arthropods from the Colombian Amazon in the SINCHI Institute.

Key to the species of Neotropical Rhinotermitinae based on minor soldiers 1

Key to the species of Neotropical Rhinotermitinae based on minor soldiers 1 — D. Castro , R. Scheffrahn

1		In dorsal view, fontanelle anterior to mandibular lobes (bases of mandibular points) (Figs 2B, 3A) (Acorhinotermes)    2
–		In dorsal view, fontanelle at or posterior to mandibular lobes (Figs 3D, 4A, D)    3
2		Mandibular points extend beyond the fontanelle (Fig. 2A)    A. claritae sp. nov.
–		Mandibular points do not extend beyond the fontanelle (Fig. 3A–C)     A. subfusciceps
3		Mandibles points reduced to minute points on basal lobes (Fig. 3F, I)    4
–		Long mandible points prominent, directed upward and forward (Fig. 4B, D, H)    5
4		Smaller species: head length less than 1.10 mm. Panama (Fig. 3D–F)     D. longidens
–		Larger species: head length more than 1.47 mm. South America (see Engel and Krishna 2007: fig. 2)     D. lanciarius
5		Length of head to tip of labrum 1.35 mm or less    6
–		Length of head to tip of labrum 1.45 mm or more    7
6		Middle of anterior margin of pronotum with numerous short bristles, small mandibles do not exceed the base of the labrum, not visible from the dorsal view (see Constantino 1990: fig. 8)     D. japuraensis
–		Middle of anterior margin of pronotum smooth, without numerous short bristles, large mandibles reaching up to the middle of the labrum, visible from the dorsal view (Fig. 4A–C)     D. longilabius 2
7		In lateral view, about 4–10 setae visible on vertex, labrum very elongated and narrow with a slight depression at its base (Fig. 4G)    8
–		In lateral view, about 20–30 setae visible on vertex, labrum elongated and width without depression at its base (Fig. 4D)    9
8		Head in dorsal view with a defined constriction behind antennae (Fig. 4G)    R. marginalis , R. nasutus3
–		Head in dorsal view without constriction behind antennae, posterior margin of the head rounded (see Emerson 1925: fig. 42C)     D. tenebrosus
9		Head length to labrum tip 1.70–1.93 mm (Fig. 4D–F)     R. hispidus
–		Head length to labrum tip 2.20–2.35 mm (See: Snyder (1926). Plate 1, fig. 2)     R. manni

Original Description

• Castro, D; Scheffrahn, R; 2019: A new species of Acorhinotermes Emerson, 1949 (Blattodea, Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae) from Colombia, with a key to Neotropical Rhinotermitinae species based on minor soldiers ZooKeys, 891: 61-70. doi

Images

Figure 1. Acorhinotermes spp. A, B alate nymph of Acorhinotermes claritae sp. nov., lateral and dorsal view C, D imago of Acorhinotermes subfusciceps, lateral and dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 mm.  Figure 2. Acorhinotermes claritae sp. nov., minor soldier A head in dorsal view B head in lateral view C head in ventral view.  Figure 3. Minor soldiers of Neotropical Rhinotermitinae deposited in UF and CATAC termite collections A–CAcorhinotermes subfuscicepsD–FDolichorhinotermes longidensG–IDolichorhinotermes lanciarius.  Figure 4. Minor soldiers of Neotropical Rhinotermitinae deposited in UF and CATAC termite collections A–CDolichorhinotermes longilabiusD–FRhinotermes hispidusG–IRhinotermes marginalis.  Figure 5. Distribution map of Acorhinotermes spp. Black circles are records from University of Florida termite collection and the black diamond is the record of Silva et al. (2019).