Achrysocharoides

Notice:

This page is derived from the original publication listed below, whose author(s) should always be credited. Further contributors may edit and improve the content of this page and, consequently, need to be credited as well (see page history). Any assessment of factual correctness requires a careful review of the original article as well as of subsequent contributions. If you are uncertain whether your planned contribution is correct or not, we suggest that you use the associated discussion page instead of editing the page directly. This page should be cited as follows (rationale): Hansson C (2012) Achrysocharoides Girault (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) new to tropical America, with eight new species. ZooKeys 173 : 79–108, doi. Versioned wiki page: 2012-03-02, version 21662, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Achrysocharoides&oldid=21662 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers. Citation formats to copy and paste BibTeX: @article{Hansson2012ZooKeys173, author = {Hansson, Christer}, journal = {ZooKeys}, publisher = {Pensoft Publishers}, title = {Achrysocharoides Girault (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) new to tropical America, with eight new species}, year = {2012}, volume = {173}, issue = {}, pages = {79--108}, doi = {10.3897/zookeys.173.2653}, url = {http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/2653/abstract}, note = {Versioned wiki page: 2012-03-02, version 21662, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Achrysocharoides&oldid=21662 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.} } RIS/ Endnote: TY - JOUR T1 - Achrysocharoides Girault (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) new to tropical America, with eight new species A1 - Hansson C Y1 - 2012 JF - ZooKeys JA - VL - 173 IS - UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.173.2653 SP - 79 EP - 108 PB - Pensoft Publishers M1 - Versioned wiki page: 2012-03-02, version 21662, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Achrysocharoides&oldid=21662 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers. M3 - doi:10.3897/zookeys.173.2653 Wikipedia/ Citizendium: <ref name="Hansson2012ZooKeys173">{{Citation | author = Hansson C | title = Achrysocharoides Girault (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) new to tropical America, with eight new species | journal = ZooKeys | year = 2012 | volume = 173 | issue = | pages = 79--108 | pmid = | publisher = Pensoft Publishers | doi = 10.3897/zookeys.173.2653 | url = http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/2653/abstract | pmc = | accessdate = 2025-03-31 }} Versioned wiki page: 2012-03-02, version 21662, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Achrysocharoides&oldid=21662 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.</ref> See also the citation download page at the journal.

Taxonavigation

Ordo: Hymenoptera
Familia: Eulophidae

Name

Achrysocharoides Girault – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

• Achrysocharoides Girault, 1913:72. Type species: Chrysocharis sarcophagus Girault, by original designation.
• Neoderostenus Girault, 1915:180. Type species Neoderostenus australiensis Girault, 1915:180, by original designation. Synonymized by Peck (1951).
• Enaysma Delucchi, 1954:1. Type species: Enaysma zwoelferi Delucchi, by orginal designation. Synonymized by Yoshimoto (1977).
• Kratoysma Bouček, 1965:5–6. Type species: Derostenus usticrus Erdös, by original designation. Syn. n.

The classification into species-groups

The subdivision of Achrysocharoides was initiated by Graham (1959) who divided the European species into two subgenera, Enaysma Delucchi and Pentenaysma Graham. These correspond with the two species-groups, atys- and latreilleii-groups, which Bryan (1980a) introduced for the European species, thus abandoning the formal subdivision into subgenera. Yoshimoto (1977) divided the Nearctic species into two species-groups, the gahani- and guizoti-groups. Kamijo (1991) transferred some of the Nearctic species from the guizoti-group to either of the two newly erected clypeatus- and titiani-groups, and removed the remaining species in the guizoti-group to the latreilleii-group, thus terminating the guizoti-group. Kamijo (1990b) established the crassinervis-group for two species from Japan and one undescribed species from Nepal. Hence there are currently six species-groups in Achrysocharoides: atys-, clypeatus-, crassinervis-, gahani-, latreilleii-, and titiani-groups. See Kamijo (1991) for group-diagnostic characters.

Diagnosis

Eyes densely pubescent (e.g. Fig. 3); females with frontal suture as a raised carina (i.e. with frons just above frontal suture protruding), straight (e.g. Fig. 3); males with frontal suture straight to slightly V-shaped, sometimes missing; females with antennal scrobes indistinct (i.e. not as narrow grooves) joining below frontal suture (e.g. Fig. 3); lateral downsloping part of pronotum with a longitudinal carina (Figs 60–63); postmarginal vein short, 0.5–1.5× as long as stigmal vein. Achrysocharoides is similar to Apleurotropis, but has a short postmarginal vein (in Apleurotropis postmarginal vein is 2.8–3.7× as long as the stigmal vein), with antennal scrobes in female joining below frontal suture (antennal scrobes join the frontal suture separately in Apleurotropis).

Identification

To separate Achrysocharoides from other Eulophidae genera the keys in Bouček (1988) (Australasia), Gibson et al. (1997) (Nearctic), Graham (1959) (Europe) are useful. To differentiate Achrysocharoides from other genera of Entedon- inae in tropical America the matrix key on the website http://www.neotropicaleulophidae.com can be used.

Description

Female flagellum with a 2-segmented clava, in male with a 2-segmented clava or with all 5 flagellomeres distinctly separated; male flagellomeres with scattered setae; male scape enlarged, frequently with a species-specific shape, ventral sensory area present along entire scape; sensilla ampullacea globular, symmetric (type I sensu Hansson (1990)), present on all flagellomeres. Antenna with discoid anelli. Mandibles with two large teeth at apex, with one or several smaller teeth above large teeth. Clypeus not delimited. Malar sulcus present. Males with a more or less developed cross-ridge below antennal toruli. Frons occasionally with an indistinct groove between median ocellus and frontal suture. Female with frons just above frontal suture protruding, hence frontal suture appear to be a raised carina. Frontal suture in female straight; in male straight to slightly V-shaped, but sometimes missing. Antennal scrobes usually join below frontal suture in females, join on or below frontal suture in males, scrobes absent in males of some species. Occipital margin with raised carina or an edge, or rounded; occiput with a median fold/groove, at least close to occipital margin.
Pronotum with or without a transverse carina. Midlobe of mesoscutum with two pairs of setae, sometimes with an indistinct median groove in posterior ½; notauli more or less distinct in anterior 1/2, in posterior 1/2 present as weakly delimited depressions which are smooth to weakly reticulate. Scutellum with one pair of setae; sometimes with an anteromedian groove; with or without detached lateral foveae or rows of foveae. Transepimeral sulcus almost straight to weakly curved. Dorsellum visible in dorsal view. Forewing with costal cell usually wider than width of base of submarginal vein; postmarginal vein 0.5-1.5× as long as stigmal vein, usually about as long as stigmal vein. Propodeum without longitudinal ridges, or with a complete median carina - undivided or branched in posterior half - median carina sometimes incomplete and present only in posterior 1/3, or with two complete submedian carinae that run parallel or diverge weakly to strongly towards posterior part of propodeum.
Petiole 0.5–1.5× as long as wide, smooth and shiny or with some irregular sculpture, sometimes with anterolateral corners, ventral surface smooth. Male genitalia as in most other genera of Entedoninae, i.e. with normal volsellar setae, one parameral setae at the apex of phallobase, with two digital spines (Hansson 1996).

Biology

Endoparasitoids of leafmining Lepidoptera of the family Gracillariidae, mainly the genus Phyllonorycter Hübner (Bryan 1980a).

Distribution

Australia (Girault 1913, Bouček 1988), Canada (Kamijo 1991, Miller 1962, Yoshimoto 1977), Japan (Kamijo 1990a, 1990b), Nepal (Hansson 1985), New Zealand (Bouček 1988), Pakistan (Hansson 1985), Papua New Guinea (Bouček 1988), USA (Kamijo 1991), and Europe (many countries, e.g. Bouček and Askew 1968). In tropi- cal America: Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Trinidad and Tobago.

Key to the Neotropical species of Achrysocharoides

Key to the Neotropical species of Achrysocharoides — C. Hansson

1		Pronotal collar without transverse carina (Fig. 57)    Achrysocharoides foveatus sp. n. (female)
–		Pronotal collar with a transverse carina (e.g. Figs 5, 10, 15)    2
2		Median propodeum smooth, without longitudinal carinae (Figs 25, 31)    Achrysocharoides gliricidiae (Hansson & Cave) (female, male)
–		Median propodeum with 1 or 2 longitudinal carinae (Figs 15, 39, 42)    3
3		Propodeum with 1 complete median carina (Fig. 42)    Achrysocharoides mediocarinatus sp. n. (female)
–		Propodeum with 2 submedian carinae, diverging towards posterior part of propodeum (Figs 15, 39)    4
4		Entire scutellum with raised and very strong reticulation, with only anteromedian and posteromedian parts smooth (Fig. 47)    Achrysocharoides purpureus sp. n. (female)
–		Either with entire median part of scutellum smooth, i.e. with a smooth and complete longitudinal band (Figs 20, 39), or scutellum with engraved and weak reticulation (Figs 10, 11)    5
5		Scape (Fig. 12), femora and tibiae dark brown with metallic tinges    Achrysocharoides callisetosus sp. n. (female)
–		Scape white to infuscate (dark brown in female Achrysocharoides infuscus), femora and tibiae predominantly white, femora occasionally pale brown    6
6		Frons above frontal suture smooth and shiny (Figs 18, 35, 50)    7
–		Frons above frontal suture with raised and strong reticulation (Figs 3, 13, 16)    9
7		Propodeum with plicae (Fig. 20)    Achrysocharoides ecuadorensis (Hansson) (female)
–		Propodeum without plicae (Figs 39, 52)    8
8		Female scape dark brown (Fig. 2), mesoscutum golden-green and scutellum golden-red (Fig. 34); posteromedian 2/3 of scutellum smooth (Fig. 39)    Achrysocharoides infuscus sp. n. (female, male)
–		Female scape whitish to yellowish-brown (Fig. 53), mesoscutum and scutellum golden-green (Fig. 54); posteromedian 2/3 of scutellum with engraved reticulation (Fig. 54)    Achrysocharoides sulcatus sp. n. (female, male)
9		Midlobe of mesoscutum with meshes of reticulation small and with reti- culate part posteriorly narrowing off to a point towards anterior scutellum (Fig. 15)    Achrysocharoides cuspidatus sp. n. (female)
–		Midlobe of mesoscutum with meshes of reticulation large and with reticulate part posteriorly wide (Fig. 5)    Achrysocharoides asperulus sp. n. (female)

Taxon Treatment

• Hansson, C; 2012: Achrysocharoides Girault (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) new to tropical America, with eight new species ZooKeys, 173: 79-108. doi

Images

Figure 2. Achrysocharoides infuscus sp. n., female.  Figures 3–7. Achrysocharoides asperulus sp. n., female. 3 Head, frontal 4 Vertex 5 Thoracic dorsum 6 Head, frontal 7 Thoracic dorsum.  Figures 8–12. Achrysocharoides callisetosus sp. n., female. 8 Head, frontal 9 Vertex 10 Thoracic dorsum 11 Thoracic dorsum 12 Head, frontal.  Figures 13–17. Achrysocharoides cuspidatus sp. n., female. 13 Head, frontal 14 Vertex 15 Thoracic dorsum 16 Head, frontal 17 Thoracic dorsum.  Figures 18–22. Achrysocharoides ecuadorensis (Hansson), female. 18 Head, frontal 19 Vertex 20 Thoracic dorsum 21 Head, frontal 22 Thoracic dorsum.  Figures 23–26. Achrysocharoides gliricidiae (Hansson & Cave). 23 Head, frontal, female 24 Head, frontal, male 25 Thoracic dorsum, female 26 Wings, showing wing interference patterns (WIPs).  Figures 27–31. Achrysocharoides gliricidiae (Hansson & Cave). 27 Head, frontal, female 28 Head, frontal, male 29 Vertex, male 30 Vertex, female 31 Thoracic dorsum, female.  Figures 32–34. Achrysocharoides infuscus sp. n. 32 Head, frontal, female 33 Head, frontal, male 34 Thoracic dorsum.  Figures 35–39. Achrysocharoides infuscus sp. n. 35 Head, frontal, female 36 Head, frontal, male 37 Vertex, male 38 Vertex, female 39 Thoracic dorsum, female.  Figures 40–44. Achrysocharoides mediocarinatus sp. n., female. 40 Head, frontal 41 Vertex 42 Thoracic dorsum 43 Head, frontal 44 Thoracic dorsum.  Figures 45–49. Achrysocharoides purpureus sp. n., female. 45 Head, frontal 46 Vertex 47 Thoracic dorsum 48 Head, frontal 49 Thoracic dorsum.  Figures 50–54. Achrysocharoides sulcatus sp. n., female. 50 Head, frontal 51 Vertex 52 Thoracic dorsum 53 Head, frontal 54 Thoracic dorsum.  Figures 55–59. Achrysocharoides foveatus sp. n., female. 55 Head, frontal 56 Vertex 57 Thoracic dorsum 58 Head, frontal 59 Thoracic dorsum.  Figures 60–63. Achrysocharoides spp., females, lateral part of pronotum, arrow points at longitudinal carina. 60 Achrysocharoides zwoelferi (Delucchi), type species for Enaysma Delucchi 61 Achrysocharoides usticrus (Bouček), type species for Kratoysma 62 Achrysocharoides infuscus sp. n. 63 Achrysocharoides ecuadorensis (Hansson).