Acanthopolymastia acanthoxa (Plotkin, Alexander S. & Janussen, Dorte 2008)
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BibTeX: @article{Plotkin2008Zootaxa1866, RIS/ Endnote: TY - JOUR Wikipedia/ Citizendium: <ref name="Plotkin2008Zootaxa1866">{{Citation |
Ordo: Hadromerida
Familia: Polymastiidae
Genus: Acanthopolymastia
Name
Acanthopolymastia acanthoxa Koltun, 1964 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Acanthopolymastia acanthoxa Plotkin, Alexander S., 2008, Zootaxa 1866: 98-99.
Description
Atergia acanthoxa — Koltun 1964: 27, fig. 3.
Materials Examined
Material examined SMF10539 (1 specimen): PS 67 /080 6. Description External morphology. Slightly damaged, cushionshaped sponge measuring about 13 x 13 x 5.5 mm and removed from substrate (fig. 2 A). The upper surface of the sponge is mainly hispid, where not damaged. Its colour is greyish due to sediment particles, which soil the hispidation. Bare areas of the surface are paler. The basal surface is rather damaged. The marginal spicule fringe is well preserved and measures about 6 mm in width. A single exhalant papilla is pale and measures approximately 1 mm in length and 2 mm in diameter. The cortex is semitransparent, hardly detachable, moderately firm and somewhat fragile. The choanosome is soft, crumbly and whitish in colour.
Description
Skeleton. The main choanosomal skeleton consists of the radial tracts of principal spicules measuring in the basal choanosome 100–300 µm in thickness, penetrating the cortex and making up a surface hispidation of 650 µm in thickness (fig. 2 B). The additional choanosomal skeleton is composed of freescattered, abundant, acanthose, centrotylote microxeas (fig. 2 C). The cortex, measuring 340–1140 µm in thickness, consists of two layers—the external palisade of small tylostyles and the internal unordered mass of centrotylote acanthoxeas. The marginal fringe is made of extremely long and thin spicules.
Spicules. There are three main categories of spicules including acanthoxeas. We measured 20 spicules of each category. An additional category is constituted by the extralong spicules of the marginal fringe. Very few of them were measured, because most were broken on the slides. Principal spicules vary from styles to tylostyles. They are straight, slender and slightly fusiform and measure: length 15252123 2693 ìm, maximal diameter 1114.7 17 ìm. Small cortical tylostyles are straight and slender. They measure: length 257369 549 ìm, maximal diameter 910.3 12 ìm. Acanthose, centrotylote microxeas measure: length 89113 158 ìm, diameter of central tyle 55.9 8 ìm (fig. 2 D). Extralong spicules of the marginal fringe vary from styles to subtylostyles. They are slightly curved and slender. We estimate that their maximal length exceeds 5900 ìm, while the maximal diameter can be more than 30 ìm.
Materials Examined
Type locality:Antarctic: Northern Ross Sea, 3200–3400 m.
Distribution
Distribution (other than type locality):Antarctic: NE Weddell Sea, ca. 3000 m (present study).
Discussion
Remarks. This is the second finding of A. acanthoxa since Koltun (1964) described it from the northern Ross Sea. Both specimens have come from approximately 3000 m and demonstrate no sufficient difference in external morphology, skeletal arrangement, spicule shape and size. The comprehensive comparison of A. acanthoxa with its congeners has been completed by KellyBorges and Bergquist (1997).
Taxon Treatment
- Plotkin, Alexander S.; Janussen, Dorte; 2008: Polymastiidae and Suberitidae (Porifera: Demospongiae: Hadromerida) of the deep Weddell Sea, Antarctic *, Zootaxa 1866: 98-99. doi
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