Acanthopagrus randalli
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Ordo: Perciformes
Familia: Sparidae
Genus: Acanthopagrus
Name
Acanthopagrus randalli Iwatsuki, Yukio, 2009 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Acanthopagrus randalli Iwatsuki, Yukio, 2009, Zootaxa 2267: 44-50.
Materials Examined
Holotype:BPBM33135, 322 mm, off Bahrain (collected from fish market in Bahrain), 13 November 1983, Persian Gulf, purchased by J. E. Randall. Paratype: MTUF-P 27226, 173 mm SL, off Kuwait (collected from Central Fish Market, Kuwait City), Persian Gulf, 29 December 1994, purchased by M. Moteki.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis: Dorsal-fin rays XI, 11; anal-fin rays III, 8; 4 ½ scale rows between fifth dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line; 5 ½ scale rows above lateral line and 11 ½ or 12 ½ scale rows below; pored lateral-line scales 46; eyes of larger type distinctly separated from dorsal head profile because of a prominent convexity from snout to just above eye that becomes more convex with growth, both interorbital bulge span and interorbital width greater than orbit diameter (interorbital bulge span / orbit diameter 1.56–2.03, mean 1.80; inɭɵrΟrbiɭaI wiđɭh / Οrbiɭ điamɵɭɵr 1.43–1.71, mean 1.57); four or five wide vertical bands (six or seven horizontal scale rows in width) on body, presumably clearer in agitated or stressed live specimens (Fig. 1 A-B, bands not clear on figure of holotype but four bands are evident on specimen, particularly when viewed from above and four clear bands and one faint band in a smaller specimen of paratype), first bar from nape to around upper pectoral-fin base, second bar from dorsal-fin base between fourth and seventh dorsal-fin spine, through lateral line, to abdomen, third bar from base between ninth dorsal-fin spine and first dorsal-fin ray, through lateral line, to just before first anal-fin spine origin, fourth bar from dorsal-fin base between fifth dorsal-fin ray and last dorsal-fin ray, plus a faint bar on caudal peduncle that is darker dorsally; conspicuous diffuse dark blotch at origin of lateral line (covering first and second pored lateral line scales) continuous with a dense blackish shading over upper cleithrum and upper posterior opercle; anal-fin membrane nearly hyaline in smaller type and in larger type membrane is hyaline with sparse black melanophores that are lacking on membranes of the posteriormost rays; posterior margin of caudal fin darker than rest of fin.
Description
Description: Counts and measurements of a holotype and a paratype are given as percentages of SL in Table 1. Data for the holotype is presented first, followed in parenthesis by paratype data if different and available. Characters stated in the diagnosis are not repeated.
Body compressed; mouth somewhat oblique; maxillary reaching to below middle of pupil and lager than eye diameter; lower jaw included in upper jaw; teeth in jaws in 3 to 5 rows, anteriorly about 6 (or 7) curved canines in the upper jaw and 6 in the lower jaw; upper and lower molar teeth strongly developed, subequal in size except some progressively larger posteriorly and some progressively smaller anteriorly and posteriorly, in upper jaw up to 5 rows and lower jaw up to 4 rows; suborbital depth slightly shorter than dermal eye opening (clearly shorter than dermal eye opening); 5 (or 6) irregular transverse rows of scales on preoperculum; anterodorsal profile from just above eye ascending gently and curved; anteriormost margin of head scalation rounded when viewed from above, reaching to just beyond posteriormost margin of orbit and without small scales anterior to scalation margin; dorsal-fin spines strong, first slightly longer than half length of second spine, which is shorter than third spine; fourth or fifth spine longest; longest soft dorsal-fin ray shorter than longest spine in dorsal fin; first anal-fin spine short, its length much less than eye, robust, not flattened; second anal-fin spine length clearly less than head without snout; third anal-fin spine shorter than second spine, which is slightly longer than snout; first anal-fin ray subequal to second anal-fin spine and slightly longer than third spine; pectoral-fin tip nearly reaching to first anal-fin spine base vertically, its length clearly greater than head length; longest pelvic-fin ray clearly less than head; pelvic-fin spine longer than snout. Colour when fresh: Colour when fresh is based on a colour photograph by J. E. Randall of the holotype after death: head and body silvery grey and both ventral part of head and abdomen somewhat white; dorsal, caudal, anal and pectoral fins a slight blackish-gray. Colour in preservation: Head and body yellowish tan; both ventral part of head and abdomen whitish; dorsal, caudal, anal, pelvic and pectoral fins slight yellowish hyaline.
Distribution
Distribution:Acanthopagrus randalli is currently known only from and apparently endemic to the Persian Gulf.
Etymology
Etymology: The specific name “ randalli ” is proposed in honor of Dr. John E. Randall who collected the holotype and who is clearly one of the greatest ichthyologists of all times.
BPBM 33135 Holotype MTUF-P 27226 Paratype Counts:Dorsal-fin rays Anal-fin rays XI, 11 III, 8XI, 11 III, 8Pectoral-fin rays15 15Pored lateral-line scales Scales above/below lateral line46 5 ½ / 11 ½46 5 ½ / 12 ½Scale rows between fifth dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line Gill rakers4 ½ 6 + 9 = 15 4 ½ 7 + 10= 17Standard length (mm)322 173Proportions: Body depth41 43Head length33 32Body width at pectoral fin base Snout length18 14 16 15Orbit diameter7 8Dermal eye opening Interorbital width6 12 7 11Upper- jaw length14 13Caudal-peduncle depth Caudal-peduncle length12 21 13 20Predorsal length42 43Preanal length Prepelvic length70 37 63 37Dorsal-fin base55 55Anal-fin base Caudal-fin length15 27 15 28Pelvic-fin spine11 14First pelvic-fin ray Longest pectoral-fin ray20 35 23 36First dorsal-fin spine5 6Second dorsal-fin spine Third dorsal-fin spine7 12 11 15Fourth dorsal-fin spine14 16Fifth dorsal-fin spine Sixth dorsal-fin spine13 13 15 15Last dorsal-fin spine10 15Longest dorsal-fin ray10 14 continued next page
TABLE1.
Description
Body colouration 4 or 5 wide black bands Absent in bands Absent in bands or 6–10 Usually 8–12 black very faint dusky black bands, m₀rɵ apparɵnɭ bands, prɵSumaƀIy in aǥiɭaɭɵđ IiVɵ m₀rɵ apparɵnɭ in SpɵcimɵnS aǥiɭaɭɵđ IiVɵ ₀r y₀unǥ SpɵcimɵnS *SR 5DSLL, Scale rows between fifth dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line; ** Measurements based on: Acanthopagrus akazakii, n = 10, based on holotype and 11paratype specimens except FRLM21171 (166 mm SL) and MNHN2005 - 1958 (139 mm SL); A. butcheri, n = 5, based on MUFS28685–28688 (198? 215 mm SL, 4 specimens, Perth, Western Australia, Australia) and WAM P 21684 (166 mm, Western Australia, Australia); A. sivicolus, n = 5, based on MUFS1779 (130 mm SL), MUFS13165–13166 (152–158 mm SL, 2 specimens), and MUFS22976, 23054 (172–225 mm SL, 2 specimens). Iwatsuki & Carpenter (2006) noted that two smaller specimens of four syntypes (BMNH 1874.1.16.2. 1, 87–93 mm SL) of Chrysophrys swinhonis Günther 1874 had 4 ½ scale rows between the fifth dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line (6 ½ in the two other syntypes). Subsequently, the first author re-examined all four syntypes and confirmed that our initial report of 4 ½ scale rows for the two smaller syntypes was erroneous and that the irregular scale rows on these specimens is correctly interpreted as 5 ½ between the fifth dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line. As such, this nominal species is here considered conspecific with A. schlegelii (Bleeker 1854) which becomes the senior synonym. Other characters of these syntypes also conform to those of A. schlegelii such as pored lateral-line scale counts (51-56) and somewhat slender body (Akazaki 1962, 1984; this study). The placement of the eye relative to the unique convex ridge (bulge) of the dorsal profile of the head in Acanthopagrus randalli (Fig. 1 A B; Table 1, higher values on both interorbital bulge span / orbit diameter 1.56–2.03 and inɭɵrΟrbiɭaI wiđɭh / Οrbiɭ điamɵɭɵr 1.43–1.71) is clearly distinct from other Form I Blackfin Seabreams with 4 ½ scale rows between the 5 th dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line (Fig. 2; Table 2, lower values on both interorbital bulge span / orbit diameter 0.73–1.53 and inɭɵrΟrbiɭaI wiđɭh / Οrbiɭ điamɵɭɵr 0.70–1.47 of three other species). Furthermore, A. randalli differs from A. akazakii, A. butcheri, and A. sivicolus in having only four or five wide bars (six or seven horizontal scale rows in width) on the body. Bands are absent in A. akazakii, absent or 6 to 10 very faint and narrow bars in A. butcheri, and usually 8 to 12 somewhat irregular narrow bars (2 to 4 horizontal scale rows in width) in A. sivicolus (Figs. 1, 2 A, B, and D). In addition, the East Asian endemic species, A. schlegelii with the highest counts of 5 ½ or 6 ½ scale rows between the fifth dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line (Akazaki 1962, 1984) is most similar to A. sivicolus in having a very similar looking silvery-gray coloration with similar narrow black bands on the body (Fig. 2 C–D). These two species are easily recognizable from A. akazakii, A. butcheri, A. randalli, and A. sivicolus by the 4 ½ scale-row count between the fifth dorsal-fin spine and the lateral line. The coloration of the anal-fin membrane among these four species is also clearly different. In A. randalli it is nearly hyaline in the smaller paratype (Fig. 1 B) and in the larger holotype it is hyaline with sparse melanophores that are lacking on the membrane of the posteriormost anal-fin rays (Fig. 3 A). Acanthopagrus akazakii has dense black membranes in anterior anal-fin rays and hyaline in posteriormost anal-fin rays (Fig. 3 B). The anal-fin membrane in A. butcheri is black from the second anal-fin spine to the third or fourth soft anal-fin ray, the remaining portion being hyaline (Fig. 3 C). Lastly, A. sivicolus has black or dusky black membranes in the whole anal-fin membrane with each anal-fin ray lighter (Fig. 3 D). Selected characters comparing these four species are shown in Table 2.
Taxon Treatment
- Iwatsuki, Yukio; Carpenter, Kent E.; 2009: Acanthopagrus randalli (Perciformes: Sparidae), a new black seabream from the Persian Gulf, Zootaxa 2267: 44-50. doi
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