Ophionereis annulata
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Genus: Ophionereis
Name
Ophionereis annulata (Le Conte, 1851) – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
Description
Disk rounded (dd = 2.8 to 14.3 mm) and covered by small and imbricating scales. Central primary plate evident. Radial shields small, triangular and surrounded by large disk scales (Fig. 4J). Ventral interradius covered by imbricating scales, which are smaller than dorsal scales. Bursal slits large and with small genital papillae (Fig. 4K). Oral shields diamond-shape, longer than wide. The madreporite is evident. Adoral shields lanceolate, not meeting within. Four rounded and spaced oral papillae on each side of jaw. Single enlarged, triangular papillae found distally (Fig. 4L). Dorsal arm plates longer than wide. Accessory dorsal arm plates well developed (Fig. 4H). Ventral arm plates slightly longer than wide. Three arm spines with blunt tips. A single, flat and oval tentacle scale completely covering each tentacle pore (Fig. 4I). Disk light brown with closely spaced brown-purplish rounded spots. Arms with dark dorsal plates every fourth or fifth plate (Fig. 4G).
Distribution
USA (California), Mexico, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador and Galapagos Islands (Verrill 1867[1], Campbell 1921[2], Nielsen 1932[3], Ziesenhenne 1937[4], 1940[5], Neira and Cantera 2005[6], Honey-Escandón et al. 2008[7], Alvarado et al. 2010[8]). In Mexico, from the Gulf of California (Baja California Sur, Sonora, Sinaloa), Nayarit, Jalisco, Revillagigedo Islands, Colima, Michoacán, Guerrero and Oaxaca (Solís-Marín et al. 2005[9], Honey-Escandón et al. 2008[7], Granja-Fernández et al. 2013[10]). From 0 to 229 m depth (Maluf 1988[11]). In this study, Ophionereis annulata was collected on coral reefs from Jalisco, Colima, Michoacán, Guerrero and Oaxaca, from 3.6 to 13.5 m depth.
Remarks
Adult specimens of Ophionereis annulata were found buried in sand, while specimens found in live stony corals were juveniles. Maluf (1988)[11] reports Ophionereis annulata inhabiting rock, algae and sponge in the Central Eastern Pacific, along with the substrata recorded in this study. This species is the only one in the Mexican Pacific having an association with a scale-worm (Malmgrenia cf. variegata); this association was found in localities from Jalisco, Guerrero and Oaxaca, Mexico (Granja-Fernández et al. 2013[10]). This species is most closely related to Ophionereis reticulata (Say, 1825) from the east coast of America; although there are morphological characteristics that distinguish both species (Clark AM 1953[12]). In the studied area, the color pattern of Ophionereis annulata displayed two variations: 1) the most common was of a creamy-yellowish-colored disk with brown spots or reticulations, while the arms were creamy and purplish but every fourth-fifth joint possessed a green-darker band; 2) the coloration of the disk was similar to the above but with smaller reticulations, the arms green in color with olive-green darker bands and blotches; the darker bands every fourth-fifth joint and, occupying one or two arm plates. These color patterns have been reported by different authors in other areas of the Eastern Pacific (Verrill 1867[1], Nielsen 1932[3], Ziesenhenne 1940[5], Caso 1951[13]).
Collected material
JALISCO: La Pajarera (2 specimens, 29/09/2010, ICML-UNAM 10301); Pelícanos (3 specimens, 29/09/2010, ICML-UNAM 10302); Cuastecomatito (1 specimen, sand, 30/09/2010, ICML-UNAM 10370).
COLIMA: Punto B (1 specimen, 01/10/2010, ICML-UNAM 10343).
MICHOACÁN: Morro de Enmedio (1 specimen, stony coral, 3.7 m, 24/02/2010, ICML-UNAM 10249).
GUERRERO: Morro del Cerro Colorado (5 specimens, sand, 4.5 m, 23/11/2011, ICML-UNAM 10483; 5 specimens, sand, 5.5 m, 31/05/2012, ICML-UNAM 10566); Carey (1 specimen, sand, 4 m, 23/11/2011, ICML-UNAM 10498); Caleta de Chón (7 specimens, sand, 03/03/2009, ICML-UNAM 10182); El Yunque (2 specimens, sand, 8 m, 24/11/2011, ICML-UNAM 10502); Manzanillo (5 specimens, sand, 05/11/2009, ICML-UNAM 10241; 2 specimens, sand, 6 m, 22/11/2011, ICML-UNAM 10470); Morros de Potosí (1 specimen, 06/03/2009, ICML-UNAM 10201).
OAXACA: Puerto Angelito (1 specimen, sand, 10.7 m, 05/08/2007, MHN 005-4375; 5 specimens, sand, 10 m, 23/04/2012, ICML-UNAM 10508); El Faro (3 specimens, sand, 22/04/2009, ICML-UNAM 10215; 2 specimens, sand, 23/04/2009, ICML-UNAM 10229; 7 specimens, sand, 13.5 m, 24/04/2012, ICML-UNAM 10516); Mazunte (1 specimen, sand, 17/04/2008, MHN 005-4299; 2 specimens, sand, 20/02/2009, ICML-UNAM 10171); Estacahuite (5 specimens, sand, 17/04/2008, MHN 005-4324; 3 specimens, sand, 19/02/2009, ICML-UNAM 10168); La Mina (4 specimens, sand, 17/04/2008, MHN 005-4334; 2 specimens, sand, 19/02/2009, MHN 005-4318); Boquilla (3 specimens, 19/09/2008, MHN 005-4336; 1 specimen, stony coral, 6.3 m, 08/09/2010, ICML-UNAM 10278); Tijera (2 specimens, sand, 16/04/2008, MHN 005-4291); San Agustín (1 specimen, sand, 6.4 m, 15/09/2007, MHN 005-4366); Dos Hermanas (3 specimens, sand, 08/08/2011, ICML-UNAM 10423); Pomelo (4 specimens, sand, 8.8 m, 21/10/2011, ICML-UNAM 10445); Isla Cacaluta (2 specimens, sand, 05/12/2008, MHN 005-4368); Órgano (1 specimen, sand, 08/08/2011, ICML-UNAM 10430); Manzanilla (2 specimens, sand, 03/12/2008, MHN 005-4301); Isla Montosa (3 specimens, stony coral, 3.6 m, 22/02/2010, MHN 005-4390); Guerrilla (2 specimens, sand, 4.9 m, 18/05/2012, ICML-UNAM 10537); Copalita (24 specimens, sand, 9.1 m, 18/05/2012, ICML-UNAM 10531).
Taxon Treatment
- Granja–Fernández, R; Herrero-Pérezrul, M; López-Pérez, R; Hernández, L; Rodríguez-Zaragoza, F; Jones, R; Pineda-López, R; 2014: Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from coral reefs in the Mexican Pacific ZooKeys, 406: 101-145. doi
Other References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Verrill A (1867) Notes on the Echinoderms of Panama and West Coast of America, with descriptions of new genera and species. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 1(2): 251-322.
- ↑ Campbell A (1921) Ophiuroidea of the West coast of North America. Journal of Entomology and Zoology 13: 46-49.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Nielsen E (1932) Ophiurans from the Gulf of Panama, California, and the Strait of Georgia. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening 91: 241-346.
- ↑ Ziesenhenne F (1937) Echinoderms from the West Coast of Lower California, the Gulf of California and Clarion Island. Zoologica 22(15): 209-239.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Ziesenhenne F (1940) New Ophiurans of the Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions 8(2): 9-52.
- ↑ Neira R, Cantera J (2005) Composición taxonómica y distribución de las asociaciones de equinodermos en los ecosistemas litorales del Pacífico Colombiano. Revista de Biología Tropical 53(3): 195-206.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Honey-Escandón M, Solís-Marín F, Laguarda-Figueras A (2008) Equinodermos (Echinodermata) del Pacífico Mexicano. Revista de Biología Tropical 56(3): 57-73.
- ↑ Alvarado J, Solís-Marín F, Ahearn C (2010) Echinoderm (Echinodermata) diversity in the Pacific coast of Central America. Marine Biodiversity 40: 45-56. doi: 10.1007/s12526-009-0032-5
- ↑ Solís-Marín F, Laguarda-Figueras A, Durán-González A, Ahearn C, Torres-Vega J (2005) Equinodermos (Echinodermata) del Golfo de California, México. Revista de Biología Tropical 53(3): 123-137.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Granja-Fernández R, Hernández-Moreno P, Bastida-Zavala R (2013) First record of the association between Malmgreniella cf. variegata (Polychaeta, Polynoidae) and Ophionereis annulata (Echinodermata, Ophionereididae) in the Mexican Pacific. Symbiosis 60: 85-90. doi: 10.1007/s13199-013-0239-x
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Maluf L (1988) Composition and distribution of the Central Eastern Pacific Echinoderms. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Technical Reports 2: 1-242.
- ↑ Clark A (1953) A revision of the genus Ophionereis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 123(1): 65-94. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1953.tb00157.x
- ↑ Caso M (1951) Contribución al conocimiento de los ofiuroideos de México. I. Algunas especies de ofiuroideos litorales. Anales del Instituto de Biología, UNAM 22(1): 219-312.
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