Aleiodes

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van Achterberg C, Shaw M (2016) Revision of the western Palaearctic species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae). Part 1: Introduction, key to species groups, outlying distinctive species, and revisionary notes on some further species. ZooKeys (639) : 1–164, doi. Versioned wiki page: 2016-12-12, version 110851, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Aleiodes&oldid=110851 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

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@article{van2016ZooKeys,
author = {van Achterberg, Cornelis AND Shaw, Mark R.},
journal = {ZooKeys},
publisher = {Pensoft Publishers},
title = {Revision of the western Palaearctic species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae). Part 1: Introduction, key to species groups, outlying distinctive species, and revisionary notes on some further species},
year = {2016},
volume = {},
issue = {639},
pages = {1--164},
doi = {10.3897/zookeys.639.10893},
url = {http://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=10893},
note = {Versioned wiki page: 2016-12-12, version 110851, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Aleiodes&oldid=110851 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.}

}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Revision of the western Palaearctic species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae). Part 1: Introduction, key to species groups, outlying distinctive species, and revisionary notes on some further species
A1 - van Achterberg C
A1 - Shaw M
Y1 - 2016
JF - ZooKeys
JA -
VL -
IS - 639
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.639.10893
SP - 1
EP - 164
PB - Pensoft Publishers
M1 - Versioned wiki page: 2016-12-12, version 110851, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Aleiodes&oldid=110851 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

M3 - doi:10.3897/zookeys.639.10893

Wikipedia/ Citizendium:

<ref name="van2016ZooKeys">{{Citation
| author = van Achterberg C, Shaw M
| title = Revision of the western Palaearctic species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae). Part 1: Introduction, key to species groups, outlying distinctive species, and revisionary notes on some further species
| journal = ZooKeys
| year = 2016
| volume =
| issue = 639
| pages = 1--164
| pmid =
| publisher = Pensoft Publishers
| doi = 10.3897/zookeys.639.10893
| url = http://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=10893
| pmc =
| accessdate = 2024-12-23

}} Versioned wiki page: 2016-12-12, version 110851, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Aleiodes&oldid=110851 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.</ref>

See also the citation download page at the journal.


Taxonavigation

Ordo: Hymenoptera
Familia: Braconidae

Name

Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

Diagnosis

Propodeum with a long median carina dorsally (Figs 11, 52); ovipositor sheath slightly expanded towards apex or parallel-sided and comparatively wide as far as visible (Figs 12, 31, 152, 301); second metasomal tergite with a median carina anteriorly (Figs 193, 291, 320, 331), but absent in part of the genus; hind trochantellus of ♀ normal, at most 2.6 × as long as wide (Figs 55, 104, 183, 194); vein r of fore wing 0.2–0.8 × vein 3-SR (Figs 1, 9, 22, 65, 205), if 0.6–0.8 × (Fig. 343) then precoxal area of mesopleuron granulate or coriaceous, without rugae and second metasomal tergite without triangular area medio-basally.

Biology

Very large genus of koinobiont, synovigenic endoparasitoids; in the western Palaearctic of Drepanidae (including Thyratirinae), Erebidae (including Hypeninae, Lymantriinae, Arctiinae, Hypenodinae), Geometridae, Hesperiidae, Lasiocampidae, Lycaenidae, Noctuidae, Nolidae, Notodontidae, Nymphalidae (Satyrinae), Pterophoridae, Sphingidae, Ypsolophidae and Zygaenidae. This list includes only taxa of which we have been able to verify hosts, either by our own rearings or by examination of host remains; there are other host groups recorded in the literature, but we regard many of them as almost certainly erroneous and seek confirmation of others. The caterpillars are killed by the endoparasitoid and “mummified” — i.e. turned into a partly shrunken and hardened structure that is more or less tanned (Figs 8, 244, 259, 287, 342, 354), in most cases before their final instar, and the parasitoid pupates and eventually emerges as an adult from this mummy. Almost all Aleiodes species are strictly solitary (in Europe only two species are gregarious, but neither is treated in this part).

Oviposition

The oviposition behaviour of Aleiodes species is based on the following sequence, from which one or more steps may habitually be eliminated by particular species: (a) antennation of the host, often also investigation using fore and sometimes mid tarsi, during which the host often curls and may be drawn in towards the ventral/mesosomal region of the parasitoid; (b) a rapid sting (usually less than 0.5 second), executed more or less between the parasitoid’s front legs and usually accompanied by a brief fluttering of the wings; (c) waiting motionless by, but often not in physical contact with, the host while temporary paralysis caused by the injected venom takes effect (about 20 to exceptionally 90 seconds); oviposition (a single insertion of the ovipositor, usually about 30–80 seconds duration but regularly much shorter or much longer in certain species); (d) a period (usually about 20–100 seconds) of post-oviposition association, when the parasitoid stands over the host and the host is intermittently antennated, during which time the host recovers from paralysis; (e) abrupt and energetic departure, often by flight. Sluggish hosts are generally unattractive, but superparasitism is frequent if (e) is prevented or if the two come into contact again. In most species host feeding was seen only infrequently or not at all in well-fed parasitoids, but it became commoner in aged females; it was always non-destructive and concurrent (i.e using the same host individual as for oviposition) but took place from separate ad hoc wounds made using the ovipositor, usually before but occasionally after oviposition itself. In most species, first instar hosts are oviposited into only with difficulty and even then they frequently die from the trauma, second and early third instars are the most suitable, and from late in the third instar onwards hosts are consistently ignored (a rough guide is that if the host exceeds the length of the parasitoid it will usually be of no interest). In the majority of investigated species the egg floats freely in the haemocoel.

Distribution

Cosmopolitan.

Notes

Two papers with descriptions of the same Aleiodes species appeared in 1838. Most likely Herrich-Schäffer’s paper was published earlier (the introduction is dated April, 1838) than Wesmael’s paper. Baron de Stassart stated in his presidential report (Bulletins de l’Académie royale des sciences, des lettres et des beaux-arts de Belgique 5: 328) dated May 6th, 1838, that the 11th volume of the Nouveau Memoires was in press.

Taxon Treatment

  • van Achterberg, C; Shaw, M; 2016: Revision of the western Palaearctic species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae). Part 1: Introduction, key to species groups, outlying distinctive species, and revisionary notes on some further species ZooKeys, (639): 1-164. doi

Images

Figures 1–6. Terminology and measurements used in this paper. 1 wing venation: pa = parastigma, pt = pterostigma, 1 = marginal cell, 2a, b, c = first, second and third submarginal cell, respectively, 3a, b = first and second discal cell, respectively, 4a = first subdiscal cell, 5 = basal cell, 6 = subbasal cell 2 head dorsal: a = length of eye, b = length of temple 3 head lateral: c = width of temple, d = width of eye, e = height of eye, f = width of malar space (measured as actual true distance in its own plane) 4 head anterior: g = width of face, h = width of hypoclypeal depression 5 fore femur lateral: i = length, j = width 6 first metasomal tergite dorsal: k = length of tergite (measured from adductor), l = apical width of tergite.
Figures 1–6. Terminology and measurements used in this paper. 1 wing venation: pa = parastigma, pt = pterostigma, 1 = marginal cell, 2a, b, c = first, second and third submarginal cell, respectively, 3a, b = first and second discal cell, respectively, 4a = first subdiscal cell, 5 = basal cell, 6 = subbasal cell 2 head dorsal: a = length of eye, b = length of temple 3 head lateral: c = width of temple, d = width of eye, e = height of eye, f = width of malar space (measured as actual true distance in its own plane) 4 head anterior: g = width of face, h = width of hypoclypeal depression 5 fore femur lateral: i = length, j = width 6 first metasomal tergite dorsal: k = length of tergite (measured from adductor), l = apical width of tergite. 
Figures 7–8. Aleiodes abraxanae sp. n., ♀, holotype. 7 habitus lateral 8 mummy of Abraxas grossulariata (Linnaeus).
Figures 7–8. Aleiodes abraxanae sp. n., ♀, holotype. 7 habitus lateral 8 mummy of Abraxas grossulariata (Linnaeus). 
Figures 9–19. Aleiodes abraxanae sp. n., ♀, holotype. 9 wings 10 mesosoma lateral 11 propodeum and anterior half of metasoma dorsal 12 hind leg lateral 13 fore femur lateral 14 antenna 15 apical segments of antenna 16 head anterior 17 head lateral 18 head dorsal 19 basal segments of antenna.
Figures 9–19. Aleiodes abraxanae sp. n., ♀, holotype. 9 wings 10 mesosoma lateral 11 propodeum and anterior half of metasoma dorsal 12 hind leg lateral 13 fore femur lateral 14 antenna 15 apical segments of antenna 16 head anterior 17 head lateral 18 head dorsal 19 basal segments of antenna. 
Figures 20–21. Aleiodes albitibia (Herrich-Schäffer), ♀, England. 20 habitus lateral 21 mummy of Notodonta dromedarius (Linnaeus).
Figures 20–21. Aleiodes albitibia (Herrich-Schäffer), ♀, England. 20 habitus lateral 21 mummy of Notodonta dromedarius (Linnaeus). 
Figures 22–34. Aleiodes albitibia (Herrich-Schäffer), ♀, Switzerland. 22 fore wing 23 hind wing 24 mesosoma lateral 25 propodeum and anterior half of metasoma dorsal 26 hind leg lateral 27 apical segments of antenna 28 fore femur lateral 29 head anterior 30 head lateral 31 ovipositor sheath lateral 32 head dorsal 33 antenna 34 basal segments of antenna.
Figures 22–34. Aleiodes albitibia (Herrich-Schäffer), ♀, Switzerland. 22 fore wing 23 hind wing 24 mesosoma lateral 25 propodeum and anterior half of metasoma dorsal 26 hind leg lateral 27 apical segments of antenna 28 fore femur lateral 29 head anterior 30 head lateral 31 ovipositor sheath lateral 32 head dorsal 33 antenna 34 basal segments of antenna. 
Figure 35. Aleiodes angustipterus sp. n., ♀, holotype, habitus lateral.
Figure 35. Aleiodes angustipterus sp. n., ♀, holotype, habitus lateral. 
Figures 36–47. Aleiodes angustipterus sp. n., ♀, holotype. 36 fore wing 37 hind wing 38 mesosoma lateral 39 propodeum and anterior half of metasoma dorsal 40 hind leg lateral 41 fore femur lateral 42 antenna 43 basal segments of antenna 44 head anterior 45 head lateral 46 head dorsal 47 apical segments of antenna.
Figures 36–47. Aleiodes angustipterus sp. n., ♀, holotype. 36 fore wing 37 hind wing 38 mesosoma lateral 39 propodeum and anterior half of metasoma dorsal 40 hind leg lateral 41 fore femur lateral 42 antenna 43 basal segments of antenna 44 head anterior 45 head lateral 46 head dorsal 47 apical segments of antenna. 
Figures 48–49. Aleiodes apiculatus (Fahringer), ♀, England. 48 habitus lateral 49 mummy of Euproctis similis (Fuessly).
Figures 48–49. Aleiodes apiculatus (Fahringer), ♀, England. 48 habitus lateral 49 mummy of Euproctis similis (Fuessly). 
Figures 50–62. Aleiodes apiculatus (Fahringer), ♀, England. 50 wings 51 mesosoma lateral 52 propodeum and anterior half of metasoma dorsal 53 hind leg lateral 54 outer hind claw lateral 55 fore femur lateral 56 antenna 57 apical segments of antenna 58 basal segments of antenna 59 head anterior 60 head lateral 61 head dorsal 62 base of first tergite dorsal.
Figures 50–62. Aleiodes apiculatus (Fahringer), ♀, England. 50 wings 51 mesosoma lateral 52 propodeum and anterior half of metasoma dorsal 53 hind leg lateral 54 outer hind claw lateral 55 fore femur lateral 56 antenna 57 apical segments of antenna 58 basal segments of antenna 59 head anterior 60 head lateral 61 head dorsal 62 base of first tergite dorsal. 
Figures 63–64. Aleiodes arcticus (Thomson), ♀, Switzerland. 63 habitus lateral 64 mummy of Pygmaena fusca (Thunberg) from Finland.
Figures 63–64. Aleiodes arcticus (Thomson), ♀, Switzerland. 63 habitus lateral 64 mummy of Pygmaena fusca (Thunberg) from Finland. 
Figures 65–75. Aleiodes arcticus (Thomson), ♀, Switzerland. 65 wings 66 mesosoma lateral 67 metasoma dorsal 68 hind leg lateral 69 fore femur lateral 70 head anterior 71 head lateral 72 head dorsal 73 antenna 74 apical segments of antenna 75 basal segments of antenna.
Figures 65–75. Aleiodes arcticus (Thomson), ♀, Switzerland. 65 wings 66 mesosoma lateral 67 metasoma dorsal 68 hind leg lateral 69 fore femur lateral 70 head anterior 71 head lateral 72 head dorsal 73 antenna 74 apical segments of antenna 75 basal segments of antenna. 
Figures 76–77. Aleiodes artesiariae sp. n., ♀, holotype. 76 habitus lateral 77 mummy of Macaria artesiaria (Denis & Schiffermüller) after extraction of adult.
Figures 76–77. Aleiodes artesiariae sp. n., ♀, holotype. 76 habitus lateral 77 mummy of Macaria artesiaria (Denis & Schiffermüller) after extraction of adult. 
Figures 78–88. Aleiodes artesiariae sp. n., ♀, holotype. 78 wings 79 mesosoma dorsal 80 mesosoma lateral 81 metasoma dorsal 82 antenna (incomplete) 83 basal segments of antenna 84 head anterior 85 head lateral 86 head dorsal 87 hind leg lateral 88 fore femur lateral.
Figures 78–88. Aleiodes artesiariae sp. n., ♀, holotype. 78 wings 79 mesosoma dorsal 80 mesosoma lateral 81 metasoma dorsal 82 antenna (incomplete) 83 basal segments of antenna 84 head anterior 85 head lateral 86 head dorsal 87 hind leg lateral 88 fore femur lateral. 
Figures 89–98. Aleiodes bistrigatus Roman, ♀, lectotype. 89 wings 90 mesosoma lateral 91 basal half of metasoma dorsal 92 hind leg lateral 93 hind femur lateral 94 fore femur lateral 95 head anterior 96 head lateral 97 head dorsal 98 basal segments of antenna.
Figures 89–98. Aleiodes bistrigatus Roman, ♀, lectotype. 89 wings 90 mesosoma lateral 91 basal half of metasoma dorsal 92 hind leg lateral 93 hind femur lateral 94 fore femur lateral 95 head anterior 96 head lateral 97 head dorsal 98 basal segments of antenna. 
Figures 99–100. Aleiodes cantherius (Lyle), ♀, England. 99 habitus lateral 100 mummy of Macaria sp.
Figures 99–100. Aleiodes cantherius (Lyle), ♀, England. 99 habitus lateral 100 mummy of Macaria sp. 
Figures 101–112. Aleiodes cantherius (Lyle), ♀, England. 101 wings 102 mesosoma lateral 103 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 104 hind leg lateral 105 antenna 106 basal segments of antenna 107 mesosoma dorsal 108 head anterior 109 head lateral 110 head dorsal 111 fore femur lateral 112 apical segments of antenna.
Figures 101–112. Aleiodes cantherius (Lyle), ♀, England. 101 wings 102 mesosoma lateral 103 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 104 hind leg lateral 105 antenna 106 basal segments of antenna 107 mesosoma dorsal 108 head anterior 109 head lateral 110 head dorsal 111 fore femur lateral 112 apical segments of antenna. 
Figure 113. Aleiodes carminatus sp. n., ♀, holotype, habitus lateral.
Figure 113. Aleiodes carminatus sp. n., ♀, holotype, habitus lateral. 
Figures 114–124. Aleiodes carminatus sp. n., ♀, holotype. 114 wings 115 mesosoma lateral 116 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 117 hind leg lateral 118 fore femur lateral 119 inner side of hind tibial apex lateral 120 basal segments of antenna 121 head anterior 122 head dorsal 123 head lateral 124 apical segments of antenna.
Figures 114–124. Aleiodes carminatus sp. n., ♀, holotype. 114 wings 115 mesosoma lateral 116 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 117 hind leg lateral 118 fore femur lateral 119 inner side of hind tibial apex lateral 120 basal segments of antenna 121 head anterior 122 head dorsal 123 head lateral 124 apical segments of antenna. 
Figures 125–126. Aleiodes circumscriptus (Nees), ♀, neotype. 125 habitus lateral 126 mummy of Hypena proboscidalis (Linnaeus).
Figures 125–126. Aleiodes circumscriptus (Nees), ♀, neotype. 125 habitus lateral 126 mummy of Hypena proboscidalis (Linnaeus). 
Figures 127–137. Aleiodes circumscriptus (Nees), ♀, neotype. 127 wings 128 mesosoma lateral 129 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 130 hind leg lateral 131 fore femur lateral 132 antenna 133 apical segments of antenna 134 head anterior 135 head lateral 136 head dorsal 137 basal segments of antenna.
Figures 127–137. Aleiodes circumscriptus (Nees), ♀, neotype. 127 wings 128 mesosoma lateral 129 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 130 hind leg lateral 131 fore femur lateral 132 antenna 133 apical segments of antenna 134 head anterior 135 head lateral 136 head dorsal 137 basal segments of antenna. 
Figure 138. Aleiodes curticornis nom. n., ♀, Italy, Tyrol, near Laudes, habitus lateral.
Figure 138. Aleiodes curticornis nom. n., ♀, Italy, Tyrol, near Laudes, habitus lateral. 
Figures 139–151. Aleiodes curticornis nom. n., ♀, Turkey, Agri, but 143 of ♀ from Tyrol. 139 fore wing 140 hind wing 141 mesosoma lateral 142 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 143 hind leg lateral 144 basal segments of antenna 145 fore femur lateral 146 antenna 147 apical segments of antenna 148 head anterior 149 head lateral 150 head dorsal 151 propodeum and first tergite lateral.
Figures 139–151. Aleiodes curticornis nom. n., ♀, Turkey, Agri, but 143 of ♀ from Tyrol. 139 fore wing 140 hind wing 141 mesosoma lateral 142 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 143 hind leg lateral 144 basal segments of antenna 145 fore femur lateral 146 antenna 147 apical segments of antenna 148 head anterior 149 head lateral 150 head dorsal 151 propodeum and first tergite lateral. 
Figures 152–153. Aleiodes diarsianae sp. n., ♀, holotype. 152 habitus lateral 153 mummy of Diarsia sp.
Figures 152–153. Aleiodes diarsianae sp. n., ♀, holotype. 152 habitus lateral 153 mummy of Diarsia sp. 
Figures 154–164. Aleiodes diarsianae sp. n., ♀, holotype. 154 wings 155 mesosoma lateral 156 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 157 hind leg lateral 158 fore femur lateral 159 apical segments of antenna 160 antenna 161 head anterior 162 head lateral 163 head dorsal 164 basal segments of antenna.
Figures 154–164. Aleiodes diarsianae sp. n., ♀, holotype. 154 wings 155 mesosoma lateral 156 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 157 hind leg lateral 158 fore femur lateral 159 apical segments of antenna 160 antenna 161 head anterior 162 head lateral 163 head dorsal 164 basal segments of antenna. 
Figures 165–166. Aleiodes esenbeckii (Hartig), ♀, Spain, Mallorca. 165 habitus lateral 166 mummy of Dendrolimus pini (Linnaeus) of holotype of Aleiodes esenbeckii from Germany.
Figures 165–166. Aleiodes esenbeckii (Hartig), ♀, Spain, Mallorca. 165 habitus lateral 166 mummy of Dendrolimus pini (Linnaeus) of holotype of Aleiodes esenbeckii from Germany. 
Figures 167–177. Aleiodes esenbeckii (Hartig), ♀, Spain, Mallorca. 167 wings 168 mesosoma lateral 169 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 170 hind leg lateral 171 fore femur lateral 172 antenna 173 head anterior 174 head lateral 175 head dorsal 176 apical segments of antenna 177 basal segments of antenna.
Figures 167–177. Aleiodes esenbeckii (Hartig), ♀, Spain, Mallorca. 167 wings 168 mesosoma lateral 169 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 170 hind leg lateral 171 fore femur lateral 172 antenna 173 head anterior 174 head lateral 175 head dorsal 176 apical segments of antenna 177 basal segments of antenna. 
Figures 178–179. Aleiodes esenbeckii (Hartig) f. dendrolimi (Matsumura), ♀, Russia, Sakhalin. 178 habitus lateral 179 mummy of Dendrolimus spectabilis (Butler) from China.
Figures 178–179. Aleiodes esenbeckii (Hartig) f. dendrolimi (Matsumura), ♀, Russia, Sakhalin. 178 habitus lateral 179 mummy of Dendrolimus spectabilis (Butler) from China. 
Figures 180–189. Aleiodes esenbeckii (Hartig) f. dendrolimi (Matsumura), ♀, Russia, Sakhalin. 180 wings 181 mesosoma lateral 182 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 183 hind leg lateral 184 antenna 185 head anterior 186 head lateral 187 head dorsal 188 fore femur lateral 189 basal segments of antenna.
Figures 180–189. Aleiodes esenbeckii (Hartig) f. dendrolimi (Matsumura), ♀, Russia, Sakhalin. 180 wings 181 mesosoma lateral 182 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 183 hind leg lateral 184 antenna 185 head anterior 186 head lateral 187 head dorsal 188 fore femur lateral 189 basal segments of antenna. 
Figure 190. Aleiodes jakowlewi (Kokujev), ♀, Finland, Kangaslampi, habitus lateral.
Figure 190. Aleiodes jakowlewi (Kokujev), ♀, Finland, Kangaslampi, habitus lateral. 
Figures 191–202. Aleiodes jakowlewi (Kokujev), ♀, Finland, Kangaslampi. 191 wings 192 mesosoma lateral 193 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 194 hind leg lateral 195 fore femur lateral 196 apical segments of antenna 197 basal segments of antenna 198 antenna 199 head anterior 200 head lateral 201 head dorsal 202 base of first metasomal tergite dorsal.
Figures 191–202. Aleiodes jakowlewi (Kokujev), ♀, Finland, Kangaslampi. 191 wings 192 mesosoma lateral 193 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 194 hind leg lateral 195 fore femur lateral 196 apical segments of antenna 197 basal segments of antenna 198 antenna 199 head anterior 200 head lateral 201 head dorsal 202 base of first metasomal tergite dorsal. 
Figures 203–204. Aleiodes leptofemur sp. n., ♀, holotype. 203 habitus lateral 204 mummy of Stilbia anomala (Haworth).
Figures 203–204. Aleiodes leptofemur sp. n., ♀, holotype. 203 habitus lateral 204 mummy of Stilbia anomala (Haworth). 
Figures 205–214. Aleiodes leptofemur sp. n., ♀, holotype. 205 wings 206 mesosoma lateral 207 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 208 hind leg lateral 209 fore femur lateral 210 basal segments of antenna 211 apical segments of antenna 212 head anterior 213 head lateral 214 head dorsal.
Figures 205–214. Aleiodes leptofemur sp. n., ♀, holotype. 205 wings 206 mesosoma lateral 207 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 208 hind leg lateral 209 fore femur lateral 210 basal segments of antenna 211 apical segments of antenna 212 head anterior 213 head lateral 214 head dorsal. 
Figures 215–216. Aleiodes modestus (Reinhard), ♀, England, Santon Downham. 215 habitus lateral 216 mummy of Euphithecia vulgata (Haworth).
Figures 215–216. Aleiodes modestus (Reinhard), ♀, England, Santon Downham. 215 habitus lateral 216 mummy of Euphithecia vulgata (Haworth). 
Figures 217–229. Aleiodes modestus (Reinhard), ♀, Netherlands, Wijster. 217 wings 218 mesosoma lateral 219 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 220 hind leg lateral 221 fore femur lateral 222 antenna 223 basal segments of antenna 224 apical segments of antenna 225 head anterior 226 head lateral 227 head dorsal 228 base of hind tibia 229 inner apex of hind tibia.
Figures 217–229. Aleiodes modestus (Reinhard), ♀, Netherlands, Wijster. 217 wings 218 mesosoma lateral 219 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 220 hind leg lateral 221 fore femur lateral 222 antenna 223 basal segments of antenna 224 apical segments of antenna 225 head anterior 226 head lateral 227 head dorsal 228 base of hind tibia 229 inner apex of hind tibia. 
Figures 230–231. Aleiodes nigriceps Wesmael, ♀, Wales, Anglesey. 230 habitus lateral 231 mummy of Xestia sexstrigata (Haworth).
Figures 230–231. Aleiodes nigriceps Wesmael, ♀, Wales, Anglesey. 230 habitus lateral 231 mummy of Xestia sexstrigata (Haworth). 
Figures 232–242. Aleiodes nigriceps Wesmael, ♀, Wales, Anglesey. 232 wings 233 mesosoma lateral 234 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 235 hind leg lateral 236 fore femur lateral 237 apical segments of antenna 238 antenna 239 head anterior 240 head lateral 241 head dorsal 242 basal segments of antenna.
Figures 232–242. Aleiodes nigriceps Wesmael, ♀, Wales, Anglesey. 232 wings 233 mesosoma lateral 234 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 235 hind leg lateral 236 fore femur lateral 237 apical segments of antenna 238 antenna 239 head anterior 240 head lateral 241 head dorsal 242 basal segments of antenna. 
Figures 243–244. Aleiodes nigricornis Wesmael, ♀, England, Gait Barrows. 243 habitus lateral 244 mummy of Orthosia gothica (Linnaeus).
Figures 243–244. Aleiodes nigricornis Wesmael, ♀, England, Gait Barrows. 243 habitus lateral 244 mummy of Orthosia gothica (Linnaeus). 
Figures 245–256. Aleiodes nigricornis Wesmael, ♀, England, Gait Barrows. 245 wings 246 mesosoma lateral 247 mesosoma dorsal 248 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 249 hind leg lateral 250 fore femur lateral 251 head anterior 252 head dorsal 253 head lateral 254 apical segments of antenna 255 basal segments of antenna 256 antenna.
Figures 245–256. Aleiodes nigricornis Wesmael, ♀, England, Gait Barrows. 245 wings 246 mesosoma lateral 247 mesosoma dorsal 248 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 249 hind leg lateral 250 fore femur lateral 251 head anterior 252 head dorsal 253 head lateral 254 apical segments of antenna 255 basal segments of antenna 256 antenna. 
Figure 257. Aleiodes pallidator (Thunberg), England, penultimate instar mummies in precocious pseudococoons of Leucoma salicis (Linnaeus).
Figure 257. Aleiodes pallidator (Thunberg), England, penultimate instar mummies in precocious pseudococoons of Leucoma salicis (Linnaeus). 
Figures 258–259. Aleiodes pallidator (Thunberg), ♀, Netherlands, Nederweert. 258 habitus lateral 259 mummy of Leucoma salicis (Linnaeus).
Figures 258–259. Aleiodes pallidator (Thunberg), ♀, Netherlands, Nederweert. 258 habitus lateral 259 mummy of Leucoma salicis (Linnaeus). 
Figures 260–271. Aleiodes pallidator (Thunberg), ♀, Netherlands, Nederweert. 260 fore wing 261 hind wing 262 mesosoma lateral 263 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 264 hind leg lateral 265 antenna 266 fore femur lateral 267 head anterior 268 head lateral 269 head dorsal 270 basal segments of antenna 271 apical segments of antenna.
Figures 260–271. Aleiodes pallidator (Thunberg), ♀, Netherlands, Nederweert. 260 fore wing 261 hind wing 262 mesosoma lateral 263 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 264 hind leg lateral 265 antenna 266 fore femur lateral 267 head anterior 268 head lateral 269 head dorsal 270 basal segments of antenna 271 apical segments of antenna. 
Figures 272–273. Aleiodes pictus (Herrich-Schäffer), ♀, neotype. 272 habitus lateral 273 mummy of Camptogramma bilineata (Linnaeus).
Figures 272–273. Aleiodes pictus (Herrich-Schäffer), ♀, neotype. 272 habitus lateral 273 mummy of Camptogramma bilineata (Linnaeus). 
Figures 274–284. Aleiodes pictus (Herrich-Schäffer), ♀, neotype. 274 wings 275 mesosoma lateral 276 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 277 hind leg lateral 278 fore femur lateral 279 antenna 280 head anterior 281 head lateral 282 head dorsal 283 basal segments of antenna 284 apical segments of antenna.
Figures 274–284. Aleiodes pictus (Herrich-Schäffer), ♀, neotype. 274 wings 275 mesosoma lateral 276 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 277 hind leg lateral 278 fore femur lateral 279 antenna 280 head anterior 281 head lateral 282 head dorsal 283 basal segments of antenna 284 apical segments of antenna. 
Figure 285. Aleiodes praetor (Reinhard), ♀, hanging from a leaf edge.
Figure 285. Aleiodes praetor (Reinhard), ♀, hanging from a leaf edge. 
Figures 286–287. Aleiodes praetor (Reinhard), ♀, Netherlands, Epen. 286 habitus lateral 287 mummy of Mimas tiliae (Linnaeus) from England.
Figures 286–287. Aleiodes praetor (Reinhard), ♀, Netherlands, Epen. 286 habitus lateral 287 mummy of Mimas tiliae (Linnaeus) from England. 
Figures 288–301. Aleiodes praetor (Reinhard), ♀, Netherlands, Epen. 288 fore wing 289 hind wing 290 mesosoma lateral 291 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 292 hind leg lateral 293 fore femur lateral 294 antenna 295 ovipositor lateral 296 basal segments of antenna 297 apical segments of antenna 298 head anterior 299 head lateral 300 head dorsal 301 hypopygium and ovipositor sheath lateral.
Figures 288–301. Aleiodes praetor (Reinhard), ♀, Netherlands, Epen. 288 fore wing 289 hind wing 290 mesosoma lateral 291 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 292 hind leg lateral 293 fore femur lateral 294 antenna 295 ovipositor lateral 296 basal segments of antenna 297 apical segments of antenna 298 head anterior 299 head lateral 300 head dorsal 301 hypopygium and ovipositor sheath lateral. 
Figures 302–304. Aleiodes reticulatus (Noskiewicz), ♀, Russia, Rostchino, but 304 from Poland. 302 habitus lateral 303 mummy of cf. Macaria wauaria (Linnaeus) 304 mummy of Macaria brunneata (Thunberg) forming, at end will resemble 303.
Figures 302–304. Aleiodes reticulatus (Noskiewicz), ♀, Russia, Rostchino, but 304 from Poland. 302 habitus lateral 303 mummy of cf. Macaria wauaria (Linnaeus) 304 mummy of Macaria brunneata (Thunberg) forming, at end will resemble 303. 
Figures 305–315. Aleiodes reticulatus (Noskiewicz), ♀, Russia, Rostchino. 305 wings 306 mesosoma dorsal 307 mesosoma lateral 308 metasoma dorsal 309 antenna (tip absent) 310 basal segments of antenna 311 head anterior 312 head lateral 313 fore femur lateral 314 hind leg lateral 315 head dorsal.
Figures 305–315. Aleiodes reticulatus (Noskiewicz), ♀, Russia, Rostchino. 305 wings 306 mesosoma dorsal 307 mesosoma lateral 308 metasoma dorsal 309 antenna (tip absent) 310 basal segments of antenna 311 head anterior 312 head lateral 313 fore femur lateral 314 hind leg lateral 315 head dorsal. 
Figure 316. Aleiodes ryrholmi sp. n., ♀, holotype, habitus lateral.
Figure 316. Aleiodes ryrholmi sp. n., ♀, holotype, habitus lateral. 
Figures 317–327. Aleiodes ryrholmi sp. n., ♀, holotype. 317 wings 318 mesosoma lateral 319 mesosoma dorsal 320 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 321 hind leg lateral 322 fore femur lateral 323 head anterior 324 head dorsal 325 head lateral 326 basal segments of antenna 327 apical segments of antenna.
Figures 317–327. Aleiodes ryrholmi sp. n., ♀, holotype. 317 wings 318 mesosoma lateral 319 mesosoma dorsal 320 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 321 hind leg lateral 322 fore femur lateral 323 head anterior 324 head dorsal 325 head lateral 326 basal segments of antenna 327 apical segments of antenna. 
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Other References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 Shenefelt R (1975) Braconidae 8. Exothecinae, Rogadinae. Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio) 12: 1115–1262.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Marsh P (1979) Braconidae. Aphidiidae. Hybrizontidae. In: Krombein K Hurd J Smith D Burks B (Eds) Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Washington, 144–313.
  3. ↑ Papp J (1985a) Contributions to the braconid fauna of Hungary, VII. Rogadinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Folia Entomologica Hungarica 46: 143–164.
  4. ↑ Shaw M, Huddleston T (1991) Classification and biology of Braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects 7(11): 1–126.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 Achterberg C (1991) Revision of the genera of the Afrotropical and W. Palaearctic Rogadinae Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) 273: 1–102.
  6. ↑ Viereck H (1914) Type species of the genera of Ichneumon flies. United States National Museum Bulletin 83: 1–186. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.83.1
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Tobias V (1971) [Review of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera) of the U.S.S.R.]. Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Entomologicheskogo Obshchestva 54: 156–268. [In Russian; translation (1975). 164 pp., New Delhi, India.]
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Tobias V (1976) [Braconids of the Caucasus (Hymenoptera, Braconidae).] Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR 110: 1–286. [In Russian]
  9. ↑ Fortier J (2009) A revision of the Tetrasphaeropyx Ashmead lineage of the genus Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rogadinae). Zootaxa 2256: 1–126.
  10. ↑ Viereck H (1922) First supplement to “Type species of the genera of Ichneumon-flies.” Proceedings of the United States National Museum 59: 129–150. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.2364.129
  11. ↑ Tobias V (1986) Rogadinae: 72–85. In: Medvedev G (Ed.) Opredelitel Nasekomych Evrospeiskoi Tsasti SSSR 3, Peredpontdatokrylye 4. Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR 145: 1–501. [In Russian; translation (1995): 512–588. Lebanon, U.S.A.]
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