Orthogonalys

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Taxonavigation

Ordo: Hymenoptera
Familia: Trigonalyidae

Name

Orthogonalys Schulz, 1905 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

• Orthogonalys Schulz, 1905: 76; Weinstein and Austin 1991: 421; Carmean and Kimsey 1998: 52; Smith and Tripotin 2012: 3. Type species (by original designation): Orthogonalys boliviana Schulz, 1905.
• Orthogonalos Schulz, 1907: 8; Marshakov 1981: 104; Tsuneki 1991: 19; Weinstein and Austin 1991: 421. Unjustified emendation.
• Satogonalos Teranishi, 1931: 10; Weinstein and Austin 1991: 424; Lelej 1995: 12. Type species (by original designation): Satogonalos debilis (Teranishi, 1929). Synonymized by Tsuneki 1991.

Diagnosis

Body length 3.5–14.1 mm; antenna with 21–32 segments, often with a pale band in apical third of antenna and slender medially (Fig. 158), of male without tyloids (Fig. 199); supra-antennal elevations smooth and shiny, usually comparatively large (Figs 157, 170, 188, 222, 233), without depression dorsally and moderately to widely separated; vertex normal, at most with slight median depression dorsally (Figs 157, 170, 188, 222, 233); apical segment of labial palp widened and obtuse, more or less triangular (Fig. 2); mandibles wide in anterior view and sublaterally attached to head (Fig. 156); occipital carina narrow and smooth but widened and finely crenulate in Orthogonalys hagoromonis; mesoscutum and scutellum often smooth or sparsely punctulate (Fig. 174), at most moderately punctate with wide smooth interspaces, but mesoscutum densely sculptured anteriorly in Orthogonalys hagoromonis; metanotum concave latero-dorsally and often sculptured, matt and distinctly convex medially (Fig. 161); anterior propodeal sulcus distinctly crenulate (Fig. 174), rarely partly reduced; posterior propodeal carina curved and lamelliform; but reduced in Orthogonalys formosana and Orthogonalys hagoromonis; vein 1-SR of fore wing medium-sized to long (Figs 159, 172, 211, 224, 235); fore wing subhyaline (Fig. 224), at most slightly infuscate below pterostigma in female; triangular dorso-apical part of hind trochanter separated by an oblique groove (Fig. 230); fore trochanter subparallel-sided and distinctly longer than hind trochanter; hind tarsus slightly or not modified; second metasomal sternite and tergite flat in lateral view, weakly sclerotized and smooth (Fig. 164); second sternite in ventral view flat medially or weakly convex and no medial elevation or teeth posteriorly; basal half of third sternite flat, without a distinct ledge anteriorly (Fig. 241); fifth sternite of female straight or slightly emarginate medio-posteriorly (Fig. 241); body often slender (including metasoma) and sometimes ichneumonid-like (Fig. 231).

Biology

In the New World reared as hyperparasitoid of Tachinidae in caterpillars (Carmean and Kimsey 1998; Murphy et al. 2009).

Key to Chinese species of Orthogonalys Schulz, 1905

Key to Chinese species of Orthogonalys Schulz, 1905 — H. Chen , C. van Achterberg , J. He , Z. Xu

1		Mesosoma with linear ivory pattern dorsally (at least with row of large ivory patch on scutellum and patch on metanotum; Figs 174, 182, 226, 237); first metasomal tergite of + with brownish or ivory apical transverse band (Figs 163, 184, 228, 239), at most with narrow brown median line; vein 1m-cu of fore wing connected to first submarginal cell (Figs 159, 211, 224, 235); [extension of pale colour pattern of head and mesosoma is very variable]    2
–		Mesosoma without pale pattern dorsally, at most with an ivory patch on mesoscutum medially (Fig. 174); first tergite of + black, largely brownish-white or with a reddish-yellow lateral patch apically (Fig. 176); position of vein 1m-cu of fore wing variable (Fig. 172)    5
2		Legs mainly yellowish brown, including apex of hind femur (Figs 155, 218); apical half of first tergite entirely pale yellowish (both sexes; Figs 163, 228)    3
–		Legs mainly black or dark brown (except pale trochanter and trochantellus; Fig. 231), if sometimes intermediate (Fig. 207) then apex of hind femur dark brown (Fig. 214); apical half of first tergite partly black (Figs 184, 239)    4
3		Vertex with large yellow patch medio-posteriorly (Fig. 222); head dorsally and mesoscutum coarsely punctate (Figs 222, 226); posterior half of propodeum obliquely rugose (Fig. 226); spiracle of propodeum distinctly protruding (Fig. 227); outer side of hind coxa (except base) yellowish brown; hind tibia (except basal quarter) and tarsus dark brown; first tergite robust and with median groove (Fig. 228); mesosoma laterally with extensive yellow pattern (Fig. 227) [Note. Orthogonalys centrimaculata Bischoff, 1951, from Vietnam runs here but has head largely smooth dorsally and mesoscutum very finely and densely rugulose or coriaceous, matt, outer side of hind coxa dark brown, hind femur largely blackish, hind tibia and tarsus yellowish brown; mesopleuron and metapleuron black and body about 15 mm]    Orthogonalys formosana Teranishi, 1931
–		Vertex black medio-posteriorly (Fig. 157); head dorsally and mesoscutum largely smooth, punctulate (Fig. 157); posterior half of propodeum largely smooth except some transverse rugae (Fig. 161); spiracle of propodeum slightly protruding (Fig. 162); outer side of hind coxa largely dark brown; hind tibia and tarsus yellowish brown; first tergite less robust and without median groove (Fig. 163); mesosoma laterally with limited yellow pattern (Fig. 162) [Note. Close to Orthogonalys albomaculata Bischoff, 1951 from N. India but has propodeum coarsely reticulate, pronotal side crenulate medially, third submarginal cell of fore wing comparatively large and propodeum of > with large ivory patch].    Orthogonalys cheni sp. n.
4		Posterior half of propodeum coarsely transversely rugose (Fig. 237); fifth and sixth metasomal tergites more or less ivory medio-apically (Fig. 239); comparatively robust species (Fig. 231); [medially third sternite 0.6–0.7 times as long as second sternite (Fig. 241); mesoscutum very densely to rather sparsely sculptured, as striations of supra-antennal elevations; face and temple usually with small pale patches, but sometimes entirely absent]    Orthogonalys robusta sp. n.
–		Posterior half of propodeum largely smooth (Fig. 182); fifth and sixth tergites dark brown or black medio-apically (Figs 181, 193); slender species (Figs 181, 186, 196, 207); medially third sternite 0.8–1.0 times as long as second sternite (Figs 185, 194, 206, 217), rarely less; [first tergite with pair of pale spots (+) or black (>); medially third sternite 0.6–1.0 times as long as second sternite and apical half of mandible reddish brown in Japanese specimens, and 0.6–0.7 times and apical half mainly ivory in Chinese specimens]    Orthogonalys elongata Teranishi, 1929
5		Third submarginal cell about 0.3 times as long as second submarginal cell; antenna with a pale brown band subapically (13th–15th segments); [scutellum shiny and sparsely punctate; vein 1m-cu of fore wing connected to second submarginal cell; only >; Japan]    Orthogonalys fukuiensis (Tsuneki, 1991)
–		Third submarginal cell 0.4–0.5 times as long as second submarginal cell; antenna without a pale band; [area besides and behind lateral ocellus smooth; mandible largely ivory; anterior 0.7 of first metasomal tergite and anterior 0.2 of second tergite nearly black; fore femur orange-brown or brownish-yellow; pterostigma brown]    Orthogonalys clypeata sp. n.

Taxon Treatment

• Chen, H; van Achterberg, C; He, J; Xu, Z; 2014: A revision of the Chinese Trigonalyidae (Hymenoptera, Trigonalyoidea) ZooKeys, 385: 1-207. doi

Images

Figures 2–5. Trigonalyidae 2 Orthogonalys cheni sp. n., head posterior 3 Taeniogonalos rufofasciata (Chen, 1949), propodeal spiracle 4 Bakeronymus seidakka Yamane & Terayama, 1983, hind trochanter and trochantellus 5 Taeniogonalos fasciata (Strand, 1913), hind tarsus.  Figures 155–157. Orthogonalys cheni sp. n., holotype, female. 155 Habitus lateral 156 head anterior 157 head dorsal.  Figures 158–165. Orthogonalys cheni sp. n., holotype, female. 158 Antennae 159 fore and hind wings 160 head lateral 161 mesosoma dorsal 162 mesosoma lateral 163 metasoma dorsal 164 metasoma lateral 165 metasoma ventral.  Figures 166–167. Orthogonalys cheni sp. n., paratype, male from Zhejiang. 166 Habitus lateral 167 metasoma lateral.  Figures 168–170. Orthogonalys clypeata sp. n., holotype, female. 168 Habitus lateral 169 head anterior 170 head dorsal.  Figures 171–178. Orthogonalys clypeata sp. n., holotype, female. 171 Antenna 172 fore wing 173 head lateral 174 mesosoma dorsal 175 mesosoma lateral 176 metasoma dorsal 177 metasoma lateral 178 metasoma ventral.  Figures 179–180. Orthogonalys clypeata sp. n., paratype, male. 179 Habitus lateral 180 metasoma lateral.  Figures 181–185. Orthogonalys elongata Teranishi, 1929, holotype, female. 181 Habitus lateral (without head) 182 mesosoma dorsal 183 mesosoma lateral 184 metasoma dorsal 185 metasoma ventral.  Figures 186–188. Orthogonalos debilis Teranishi, 1929, holotype, female. 186 Habitus lateral 187 head anterior 188 head dorsal.  Figures 189–195. Orthogonalos debilis Teranishi, 1929, holotype, female. 189 Head lateral 190 mesosoma dorsal 191 mesosoma lateral 192 metasoma dorsal 193 metasoma lateral 194 metasoma ventral 195 fore wing.  Figures 196–198. Orthogonalos hirasana Teranishi, 1929, holotype, male. 196 Habitus lateral 197 head anterior 198 head dorsal.  Figures 199–206. Orthogonalos hirasana Teranishi, 1929, holotype, male. 199 Antenna 200 fore wing 201 head lateral 202 mesosoma dorsal 203 mesosoma lateral 204 metasoma dorsal 205 metasoma lateral 206 metasoma ventral.  Figures 207–209. Orthogonalys elongata Teranishi, 1929, female from Sichuan. 207 Habitus lateral 208 head anterior 209 head dorsal.  Figures 210–217. Orthogonalys elongata Teranishi, 1929, female from Sichuan. 210 Antenna 211 fore and hind wings 212 head lateral 213 mesosoma dorsal 214 mesosoma lateral 215 metasoma dorsal 216 metasoma lateral 217 metasoma ventral.  Figures 218–219. Orthogonalys elongata Teranishi, 1929, male from Henan. 218 Habitus lateral 219 metasoma lateral.  Figures 220–222. Orthogonalys formosana Teranishi, 1931, holotype, female. 220 Habitus lateral 221 head anterior 222 head dorsal.  Figures 223–230. Orthogonalys formosana Teranishi, 1931, holotype, female. 223 Antenna 224 fore wing 225 head lateral 226 mesosoma dorsal 227 mesosoma lateral 228 metasoma dorsal 229 metasoma lateral 230 hind leg.  Figures 231–233. Orthogonalys robusta sp. n., holotype, female. 231 Habitus lateral 232 head anterior 233 head dorsal.  Figures 234–241. Orthogonalys robusta sp. n., holotype, female. 234 Antenna 235 fore and hind wings 236 head lateral 237 mesosoma dorsal 238 mesosoma lateral 239 metasoma dorsal 240 metasoma lateral 241 metasoma ventral.