Acuclavella

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Taxonavigation

Ordo: Opiliones
Familia: Ceratolasmatidae

Name

Acuclavella Shear, 1986 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

• Acuclavella Shear, 1986: 13. Type species Acuclavella cosmetoides Shear, 1986.

Description

The simple, distally tapering penis (Appendix VIII, Figure I) and short ovipositor (Appendix III, Figure 2) morphologies are conserved across species, with intraspecific variation seemingly as great as interspecific variation. Penis sheath with two sclerotized bands. Metatarsus of leg II with or without false leg articulations (Appendix IX). Distitarsi with three segments on legs I and II; distal end of legs III and IV with two constrictions, each comprised of two segments. All males with raised, glandular (Shear 1986), setose mound dorsally on basal article of chelicerae, setae often capped with secretions (MorphBank image 822802); mounds lacking in females. Chela teeth diaphanous, with two heavily sclerotized teeth distally on fingers (MorphBank image 822817). All leg coxae with prolateral and retrolateral tubercles in the form of distended clusters of warts (MorphBank image 828524). Epistome of stomotheca horn-like, projecting outward (MorphBank image 828520) to strongly decurved (MorphBank image 82215), without apparent interspecific trends. Pseudotrachea of pedipalpal coxaphysis sclerotized ctenoid (MorphBank image 822815).

Key to the species of Acuclavella

This dichotomous key should allow users to identify the new species described herein. However, discovery of new morphologies in northern Idaho not described by Shear (1986), and not ascribed to species herein, are currently of uncertain placement at the species level. These morphologies include females with pairs of spines on scute areas I-IV, individuals with three pairs of spines on scute areas I-III, and individuals with pairs of spines on scute areas I-II which are geographically and genetically distinct, but morphologically similar to Acuclavella quattuor. For the purposes of this work, the four species named by Shear (1986) are treated sensu stricto, and follow his diagnoses.

Key to the species of Acuclavella — C. Richart , M. Hedin

1a		Setose mounds dorsally on surface of cheliceral article I; males (Fig. 6)    2
1b		Without raised mounds on chelicerae; females    8
2a	(1a)	Paramedian tubercles acute spines on scute area II only (Fig. 9)    3
2b		Paramedian tubercles acute spines on multiple scute areas (Fig. 11)    6
3a	(2a)	Ocularium height (ventral edge of eye to tip of ocularium) ≤ 0.60 mm; area II spine height ≤ 0.50 mm from surface of tergite    Acuclavella sheari sp. n.
3b		Ocularium and area II spine heights ≥ 0.80 mm    4
4a	(3b)	Distal ends of leg femora, patellae, and tibiae distinctly light, contrasting as light joints; palpi white or nearly so; with or without false leg articulations on leg II metatarsi (Appendix IX); with or without distal, dark, prolateral tubercle on palpal patellae; western Washington    5
4b		Distal ends of leg segments not light; palpi light brown or dark; without false leg articulations and palpal tubercles; Idaho    Acuclavella merickeli Shear, 1986
5a	(4a)	Leg II femur ≤ 3.76 mm; Cascade Mountains    Acuclavella leonardi sp. n.
5b		Leg II femur ≥ 3.76 mm; Olympic Peninsula    Acuclavella makah sp. n.
6a	(2b)	Paramedian tubercles raised into acute spines on scute areas I and II only (Fig. 11); known distribution bracketed by the Salmon River and South Fork Clearwater River    Acuclavella quattuor Shear, 1986
6b		Paramedian tubercles with acute spines on three or more scute areas; scute area III always with such tubercles (Appendix V, Figure 1)    7
7a	(6b)	Paramedian tubercles not raised into spines on scute area I, paired spines on areas II, III, and IV    Acuclavella cosmetoides Shear, 1986
7b		Paramedian tubercles raised into acute spines on scute areas I – IV (four pairs of abdominal spines    Acuclavella shoshone (Shear, 1986)
8a	(1b)	Paramedian tubercles acute spines on scute area II only (Fig. 9)    9
8b		Tubercles not as previous; if spines on area II only, greatly reduced    11
9a	(8a)	As couplet 4a    10
9b		As couplet 4b    Acuclavella merickeli
10a	(9a)	Known only from the Cascade Mountains of Washington State; no perceived discriminating features    Acuclavella leonardi sp. n.
10b		Known only from the Olympic Peninsula of Washington State; no perceived discriminating features    Acuclavella makah sp. n.
11a	(8b)	As couplet 6a    Acuclavella quattuor Shear, 1986
11b		Paramedian tubercles not as previous    12
12a	(11a)	As couplet 7a    Acuclavella cosmetoides Shear, 1986
12b		Paramedian tubercles not enlarged into spines, but paired, low, rounded tubercles on all scutal areas (Fig. 9)    13
13a	(11b)	Palpal femur ≤ 0.88 mm; leg II tarsus ≤ 3.92 mm; leg II femur ≤ 2.75 mm; currently known south of Salmon River    Acuclavella sheari sp. n.
13b		Palpal femur ≥ 0.90 mm; leg II tarsus ≥ 3.95 mm; leg II femur ≥ 2.72 mm, north of Middle Fork Clearwater River    Acuclavella shoshone (Shear, 1986)

Taxon Treatment

• Richart, C; Hedin, M; 2013: Three new species in the harvestmen genus Acuclavella (Opiliones, Dyspnoi, Ischyropsalidoidea), including description of male Acuclavella quattuor Shear, 1986 ZooKeys, 311: 19-68. doi

Images

Figure 1. Distribution of Acuclavella. Black circles are localities where Acuclavella were specifically targeted, but not encountered. Black crosses indicate localities where general surveys of litter invertebrates (e.g., Opiliones, Diplopoda, terrestrial Gastropoda) were conducted and Acuclavella were not encountered. Blue lines point to labeled rivers. Type localities (T) from Shear (1986) are indicated with paddle icons; green paddle = Acuclavella shoshone. Type localities of species described in this work are indicated with inverted triangles. Image saved from Google Earth.  Figure 2. Bayesian phylogram resulting from analysis of concatenated dataset. Numbers at nodes correspond to Bayesian posterior probabilities. The outgroup topology is shown at bottom. The inset picture is a female Acuclavella shoshone (sensu stricto) collected from the type locality (Shear 1986).  Figure 6. Acuclavella leonardi chelicerae and pedipalp. A right chelicera, retrolateral view B left chelicera, prolateral view C right pedipalp, retrolateral view (A–C, male CASENT9039218) D left chelicera, retrolateral view (female CASENT9039224).  Figure 9. Acuclavella sheari. Top: male, CHR3254; bottom: female, CHR3404.  Figure 11. Acuclavella quattuor. Male AMNH.