Ophiothrix angulata
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Ordo: Ophiurida
Familia: Ophiotrichidae
Genus: Ophiothrix
Name
Ophiothrix angulata (Say, 1825) – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
Description
Disk circular (dd = 0.63 to 4.79 mm). Covered by small, hyaline bifid or trifid spines, also on the radial shields (Fig. 2f). Radial shields longer than wide, separated by a row of scales (Fig. 2f). Ventral interradius covered by spines similar to dorsal (Fig. 2g). Bursal slits short and wide. Oral shields enlarged laterally, triangular, with distal margin (Fig. 2h). Adoral shields united proximally. No oral papillae, but jaws bear terminal clump of dental papillae (Fig. 2h). Dorsal arm plate fan-shaped (Fig. 2i). Ventral arm plate slightly longer than wide, hexagonal, with distal margin long and slightly concave (Fig. 2j). Nine long arm spines, vitreous and denticulate, the one but last smallest and the last modified into a hook. Single tentacle scale small.
Distribution
Bermuda, North Carolina to Texas coast and offshore reefs, Dry Tortugas, the Bahamas, the Antilles, Mexican Caribbean, Honduras, Belize, Panama, islands off Caribbean, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Uruguay, and off La Plata river, Argentina (Tommasi 1970[1], Devaney 1974[2], Hendler et al. 1995[3], Chavarro et al. 2004[4], Durán-Gonzáles et al. 2005[5], Laguarda-Figueras et al. 2005[6], Alvarado et al. 2008[7], Borrero-Pérez et al. 2008[8], Hernandéz-Herrejón et al. 2008[9], Martínez 2008[10]). In Brazil from Amapá (Albuquerque 1986[11]), Piauí (Gondim and Giacometti 2010[12]), Paraíba (Rathbun 1879[13]), Pernambuco (Tommasi 1970[1]), Alagoas (Miranda et al. 2012[14]), Bahia (Alves and Cerqueira 2000[15]), Abrolhos off southern Bahia, Trindade oceanic island off Espírito Santo (Tommasi 1970[1]), Rio de Janeiro (Rathbun 1879[13]), São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul (Tommasi 1970[1]). Intertidal to 540 m depth. Sampled between 10 and 34 m depth in this study.
Remarks
Associated with seaweeds, such as the brown alga Sargassum spp. (Jacobucci et al. 2006[16]), living between stones, and in sponges (Tommasi 1967[17]), in oyster banks, mangroves, seagrass beds and on sessile animals such as Millepora sp. and gorgonians (Hendler et al. 1995[3]). Also reported in Brazil from colonies of the octocoral Carijoa riisei (Neves et al. 2007[18]), from the tubes of the polychaete Phyllochaetopterus socialis Claparède, 1870 (Nalesso et al. 1995[19]), in the sponge Zygomycale parishii (Bowerbank, 1875) (Duarte and Nalesso 1996[20]), and from colonies of the bryozoan Schizoporella errata (Walters, 1878) (Morgado and Tanaka 2001[21]). Individuals with a disk diameter smaller than 4.0 mm do not have long spines on the median region of the dorsal disk surface (Monteiro 1987[22]). This is a common and highly variable species, with planktotrophic larvae (Hendler 2005[23]). It displays great variation in color, Tommasi (1970)[1] listed 21 different color forms of this species (Hendler et al. 1995[3]). On the coast of Paraíba, the most commonly observed color is violet or specimens which are violet only on the disk and have aniline-blue arms.
Taxon Treatment
- Gondim, A; Alonso, C; Dias, T; Manso, C; Christoffersen, M; 2013: A taxonomic guide to the brittle-stars (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from the State of Paraíba continental shelf, Northeastern Brazil ZooKeys, 307: 45-96. doi
Other References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Tommasi L (1970) Os ofiuróides recentes do Brasil e de regiões vizinhas. Contribuições do Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo Série Oceanografia Biológica 20: 1–146. doi: 10.1590/S0373-55241971000100001
- ↑ Devaney D (1974) Shallow-water echinoderms from British-Honduras, with a description of a new species of Ophiocoma (Ophiuroidea). Bulletin of Marine Science 24: 122-164.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Hendler G, Miller J, Pawson D, Kier P (1995) Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 390 pp.
- ↑ Chavarro S, Zea S, Manuel D (2004) Esponjas y otros microhábitats de ofiuros (Ophiuroidea: Echinodermata) em ambientes arrecifales del Archipiélago de San Bernardo (Caribe Colombiano). Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras 33: 27-46.
- ↑ Durán-González A, Laguarda-Figueras A, Solís-Marín F, Sánchez B, Ahearn C, Torres-Vega J (2005) Echinoderms (Echinodermata) from the Mexican waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Revista de Biologia Tropical 53: 53-68.
- ↑ Laguarda-Figueras A, Solís-Marín F, Durán-González A, Ahearn C, Sanchez B, Torres-Veja J (2005) Echinoderms (Echinodermata) of the Mexican Caribbean. Revista de Biologia Tropical 53: 109-122.
- ↑ Alvarado J, Solís-Marin F, Ahearn C (2008) Echinoderms (Echinodermata) from Central America Caribbean. Revista de Biologia Tropical 56: 37-55.
- ↑ Borrero-Pérez G, Benavides-Serrato M, Solano O, Navas G (2008) Brittle-stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the continental shelf and upper slope of the Colombian Caribbean. Revista de Biologia Tropical 56: 169-204.
- ↑ Hernandéz-Herrejón L, Solís-Marín F, Laguarda-Figueras A (2008) Ophiuroids (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the Mexican waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Revista de Biologia Tropical 56: 83-167.
- ↑ Martinez S (2008) Shallow water Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea of Uruguay: composition and biogeography. Revista de Biologia Tropical 56: 205-214.
- ↑ Albuquerque M (1986) Ophiuroidea Gray, 1840 (Echinodermata) da plataforma continental do norte e nordeste brasileiro. PhD thesis, São Paulo: University of São Paulo.
- ↑ Gondim A, Giacometti A (2010) Echinodermata. In: Giacometti A Loebmann D (Eds). Biodiversidade do litoral do Piauí, 1a ed. Paratodos, Sorocaba: 1-50.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Rathbun R (1879) A list of the Brazilian echinoderms, with notes on their distribution. Transactions Academy of Arts and Science 5: 139-158.
- ↑ Miranda A, Lima M, Sovierzoski H, Correia M (2012) Inventory of the Echinodermata collection from the Universidade Federal de Alagoas. Biota Neotropica 12: 136-146. doi: 10.1590/S1676-06032012000200014
- ↑ Alves O, Cerqueira W (2000) Echinodermata das praias de Salvador (Bahia, Brasil). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 17: 543-553. doi: 10.1590/S0101-81752000000200024
- ↑ Jacobucci G, Güth A, Turra A, Magalhães C, Denadai M, Chaves A, Souza E (2006) Levantamento de Mollusca, Crustacea e Echinodermata associados a Sargassum spp. na Ilha da Queimada Pequena, Estação Ecológica dos Tupiniquins, litoral sul do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 6: 1-8. doi: 10.1590/S1676-06032006000200023
- ↑ Tommasi L (1967) Sobre alguns equinodermas da região do Golfo de México e do Mar das Antilhas. Anales del Instituto de Biologia 37: 155-166.
- ↑ Neves B, Lima E, Pérez C (2007) Brittle stars (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) associated with the octocoral Carijoa riisei (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from the littoral of Pernambuco, Brazil. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 87: 1263-1267. doi: 10.1017/S0025315407056263
- ↑ Nalesso R, Duarte L, Pierozzi I, Enumo E (1995) Tube epifauna of the polychaete Phyllochaetopterus socialis Claparède. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 41: 91-100. doi: 10.1006/ecss.1995.0055
- ↑ Duarte L, Nalesso R (1996) The sponge Zygomycale parishii (Bowerbank) and its endobiotic fauna. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 42: 139-151. doi: 10.1006/ecss.1996.0011
- ↑ Morgado E, Tanaka M (2001) The macrofauna associated with the bryozoan Schizoporella errata (Walters) in southeastern Brazil. Scientia Marina 65: 173-181.
- ↑ Monteiro A (1987) Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) da região de Ubatuba (SP) - Aspectos morfológicos e ecológicos. PhD thesis, University of São Paulo, São Paulo.
- ↑ Hendler G (2005) Two new brittle star species of the genus Ophiothrix (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiotrichidae) from coral reefs in the southern Caribbean Sea, with notes on their biology. Caribbean Journal of Science 41: 583-599.
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