Omphale phruron
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Ordo: Hymenoptera
Familia: Eulophidae
Genus: Omphale
Name
Omphale phruron (Walker) – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Entedon phruron Walker, 1839:87. Lectotype male in BMNH, examined.
- Omphale phruron (Walker), Graham (1963)[1].
- Omphale teresis Askew, 2003:29. Holotype female in BMNH, examined. Syn. n.
Material
Type material. Lectotype male of Entedon phruron, type no. 5.3386 in BMNH; Holotype female of Omphale teresis, type no. 5.4614 in BMNH. Additional material. 100♀ 154♂: Denmark 1♂ (LUZM), France 2♀ 3♂ (RMNH), Germany 5♀ 7♂ (RMNH), Hungary 6♀ 9♂ (BMNH, CH), Ireland 3♀ 1♂ (BMNH), Netherlands 2♀ 1♂ (RMNH), Russia 1♀ (BMNH), Sweden 35♀ 74♂ (BMNH, CH, LUZM), United Kingdom 46♀ 58♂ (BMNH).
Diagnosis
A small species (0.9–1.4 mm) with dark brown scape, coxae and femora (Fig. 228), female gaster elongate (1.6× as long as length of mesosoma) with apex distinctly pointed, mesoscutum and scutellum usually bicoloured in golden purple or purple metallic (occasionally golden red) and golden green or green metallic (Figs 229, 230); female flagellomeres 2–4 ventrally with one set of setae attached subbasaly and reaching beyond apex of flagellomere attached to (Fig. 236), male flagellomeres 1–4 with a basal whorl of setae and with setae reaching beyond apex of flagellomere attached to (Fig. 240), some specimens with a few setae apical to whorl. Male genitalia: phallobase (Fig. 490) with digitus triangular and 0.6× as long as wide, volsellar setae on long extensions and with apex of setae 1.4× the length of setae from apex of phallobase; aedeagus short and stout (Fig. 490), with penis valves 1.5× as long as wide.
Description
Female. Length of body 1.1–1.4 mm. Antenna dark brown; pedicel + flagellum 1.8× as long as distance between eyes; first flagellomere 1.0× as long and 1.3× as wide as second flagellomere (Fig. 236); flagellomeres 2–4 ventrally with one set of setae attached subbasally and reaching beyond apex of flagellomere attached to; clava 2-segmented. Face dark brown with golden green and purple metallic tinges (Fig. 231), with weak striae (Fig. 237); clypeus golden green, golden red, or purple metallic, smooth, semicircular, 1.8× as wide as high; gena purple metallic; lower frons golden with green metallic tinges, with weak reticulation; antennal scrobes join on frontal suture; frontal suture V-shaped; upper frons golden purple, with very weak reticulation; vertex golden purple, inside ocellar triangle with engraved weak reticulation outside triangle smooth or with very weak reticulation, to completely with engraved weak reticulation (Fig. 238). Occipital margin rounded (Fig. 238).
Mesoscutum golden with posterior ¼ green metallic, to completely golden purple (Fig. 229), with engraved reticulation (Fig. 235), midlobe with one pair of setae (posterior pair); notauli as indistinct impressions in posterior ½. Scutellum with anterior ⅔ golden purple, posterior ⅓ green metallic (Fig. 229), to completely golden purple or purple metallic, with engraved reticulation (Fig. 235); 1.1× as long as wide, with anteromedian margin smoothly curved forwards. Axillae golden purple (Fig. 229). Dorsellum golden green (Fig. 229), slightly concave and smooth (Fig. 235), 0.3× as long as wide, and 0.5× as long as length of median propodeum. Lateral pronotum golden (Fig. 228); prepectus, mesepisternum and mespeimeron dark brown metallic; trans-epimeral sulcus curved forwards. Propodeum golden green with median part purplish (Fig. 229), smooth (Fig. 235); propodeal callus with two setae. Legs with coxae and femora dark brown metallic (Fig. 228); tibiae pale brown to dark brown; tarsi yellowish brown to pale brown; midleg with first tarsomere 0.3× as long as length of tarsus. Forewing transparent, veins yellowish brown, setae dark brown (Fig. 228); speculum closed; admarginal setae 6–7 (lectotype male with 7), arising from marginal vein; radial cell bare; postmarginal vein 1.0× as long as stigmal vein, stigmal vein slightly enlarged to slender. Hind wing transparent, apex pointed (Fig. 233). Forewing WIP (Fig. 234) with apical ½ blue and magenta, basal ½ with wide bands in yellow, magenta and blue.
Petiole dark brown. Gaster dark brown with golden green tinges, elongate and 1.5–1.6× as long as length of mesosoma and with apex distinctly pointed; 7th tergite 0.1× as long as length of gaster.
Male. Length of body 0.9–1.3 mm. Features as in female except as follows. Antenna dark brown metallic; pedicel + flagellum 2.5× as long as distance between eyes; flagellomeres 1–4 with verticillate setae and with setae reaching beyond apex of flagellomere attached to (Fig. 240), some specimens with a few setae apical to whorl; clava 1-segmented. Face golden red with green metallic tinges, to golden green, strigose; clypeus golden red with green metallic tinges, to golden green, smooth (Fig. 241), trapezoid to semicircular, 1.6× as wide as high; gena golden purple; lower frons golden red, golden green, or bluish green metallic (Fig. 232), with weak reticulation; antennal scrobes join frontal suture separately; upper frons golden red, golden purple, or bluish green metallic, with weak reticulation; vertex dark brown with purple metallic tinges.
Mesoscutum golden red or golden purple with green metallic tinges (Fig. 230). Scutellum with anterior ⅔ golden purple posterior ⅓ green metallic (Fig. 230), to completely golden purple or purple metallic, with engraved reticulation (Fig. 239); 1.3× as long as wide. Some Swedish specimens with mesoscutum and scutellum greenish blue metallic. Dorsellum golden to golden green (Fig. 230), 0.4× as long as wide (Fig. 239).
Petiole dark brown. Gaster with first tergite golden green, remaining tergites dark brown with golden tinges, 1.5–1.6× as long as length of mesosoma. Phallobase and aedeagus as in Fig. 490.
Hosts
Dasineura pyri (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) (Gijswijt 1976[2]). The record for Geocrypta galii in Gijswijt (1976)[2] concerns Omphale incognita. Material for Dasineura pyri not seen.
Distribution
Denmark (new record), France (Gijswijt 1976[2]), Germany (Gijswijt 1976[2]), Hungary (new record), Ireland (new record), Netherlands (Gijswijt 1976[2]), Russia (new record), Sweden (Hansson 1991[3]), United Kingdom (Walker 1839[4]) (Fig. 518).
Remarks
Askew (2003)[5] described Omphale teresis from four female specimens and compared it to Omphale phruron, which Askew considered the most similar species. According to Askew Omphale teresis differed from Omphale phruron in having fewer admarginal setae on the forewing, a greener and shinier thoracic dorsum that lacked sculpture on posterior part of both meso-scutum and scutellum, and in having a narrower mesosoma. The female holotype of Omphale teresis has 7 admarginal setae (i.e. same as lectotype male of Omphale phruron), the holotype of Omphale teresis has entire mesoscutum and scutellum reticulate and there are no smooth parts, and the scutellum is bi-coloured with anterior ⅔ golden-purple and posterior ⅓ green metallic, the mesosoma is 1.3× as long as wide (not “at least 1.5×” as stated by Askew). These data contradict the characters given by Askew and the holotype of Omphale teresis fits well into the concept of Omphale phruron, and Omphale teresis is therefore synonymized with Omphale phruron.
Taxon Treatment
- Hansson, C; Shevtsova, E; 2012: Revision of the European species of Omphale Haliday (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae) ZooKeys, 232: 1-157. doi
Other References
- ↑ Graham M (1963) Additions and corrections to the British list of Eulophidae (Hym., Chalcidoidea), with descriptions of some new species. Transactions of the Society for British Entomology 15: 167-275.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Gijswijt M (1976) Notes on biology and distribution of the genus Omphale Haliday, 1833, with descriptions of two new species (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Eulophidae). Bulletin, Zoologisch Museum, Universiteit van Amsterdam 5: 77-84.
- ↑ Hansson C (1991) A catalogue of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) described by C.G. Thomson, with a checklist of Swedish species. Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement 38: 1-70.
- ↑ Walker F (1839) Monographia Chalciditum I., London, 330 pp.
- ↑ Askew R (2003) Observations on some British Omphale Haliday (Hym., Eulophidae) with descriptions of two new species. Entomologists Monthly Magazine 139: 29-37.
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