Zephyrarchaea melindae

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Rix M, Harvey M (2012) Australian Assassins, Part II: A review of the new assassin spider genus Zephyrarchaea (Araneae, Archaeidae) from southern Australia. ZooKeys 191 : 1–62, doi. Versioned wiki page: 2012-05-07, version 24278, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Zephyrarchaea_melindae&oldid=24278 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

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BibTeX:

@article{Rix2012ZooKeys191,
author = {Rix, Michael G. AND Harvey, Mark S.},
journal = {ZooKeys},
publisher = {Pensoft Publishers},
title = {Australian Assassins, Part II: A review of the new assassin spider genus Zephyrarchaea (Araneae, Archaeidae) from southern Australia},
year = {2012},
volume = {191},
issue = {},
pages = {1--62},
doi = {10.3897/zookeys.191.3070},
url = {http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/3070/abstract},
note = {Versioned wiki page: 2012-05-07, version 24278, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Zephyrarchaea_melindae&oldid=24278 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.}

}

RIS/ Endnote:

TY - JOUR
T1 - Australian Assassins, Part II: A review of the new assassin spider genus Zephyrarchaea (Araneae, Archaeidae) from southern Australia
A1 - Rix M
A1 - Harvey M
Y1 - 2012
JF - ZooKeys
JA -
VL - 191
IS -
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.191.3070
SP - 1
EP - 62
PB - Pensoft Publishers
M1 - Versioned wiki page: 2012-05-07, version 24278, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Zephyrarchaea_melindae&oldid=24278 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

M3 - doi:10.3897/zookeys.191.3070

Wikipedia/ Citizendium:

<ref name="Rix2012ZooKeys191">{{Citation
| author = Rix M, Harvey M
| title = Australian Assassins, Part II: A review of the new assassin spider genus Zephyrarchaea (Araneae, Archaeidae) from southern Australia
| journal = ZooKeys
| year = 2012
| volume = 191
| issue =
| pages = 1--62
| pmid =
| publisher = Pensoft Publishers
| doi = 10.3897/zookeys.191.3070
| url = http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/3070/abstract
| pmc =
| accessdate = 2024-12-23

}} Versioned wiki page: 2012-05-07, version 24278, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Zephyrarchaea_melindae&oldid=24278 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.</ref>

See also the citation download page at the journal.


Taxonavigation

Ordo: Araneae
Familia: Archaeidae
Genus: Zephyrarchaea

Name

Zephyrarchaea melindae Rix & Harvey sp. n. – Wikispecies link – ZooBank link – Pensoft Profile

==

Toolbrunup Assassin Spider

Type material

Holotype male: Stirling Range National Park, Mount Hassell, Western Australia, Australia, 34°22'41"S, 118°04'15"E, sifting elevated leaf litter under Lepidosperma sedges near summit, 726 m, 22.IV.2009, M. Rix (WAM T118986).
Paratypes: Allotype female and 1 juvenile, Toolbrunup Peak, 34°23'02"S, 118°02'55"E, sifting elevated leaf litter under low herbaceous shrubs near summit, 964 m, 10.IV.2009, M. Rix, H. Wood (WAM T97468DNA: TP-152-F/TP-153-J).

Other material examined

AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Stirling Range National Park: same data as holotype, 2 juveniles (WAM T97467DNA: HA-150-J/HA-151-J).

Etymology

The specific epithet is a patronym in honour of Dr Melinda Moir, in recognition of her contributions to biodiversity research, especially in the Stirling Range National Park of southern Western Australia.

Diagnosis

Zephyrarchaea melindae can be distinguished from Zephyrarchaea janineae and Zephyrarchaea mainae by the absence of dorsal hump-like tubercles on the abdomen (Figs 14A–B); from Zephyrarchaea marae sp. n., Zephyrarchaea marki, Zephyrarchaea porchi sp. n. and Zephyrarchaea vichickmani sp. n. by the shape of tegular sclerites 2–3, which do not project beyond the retro-distal rim of the tegulum (Figs 14D–E); and from Zephyrarchaea barrettae sp. n. by the shape of the anterior margin of the diastema adjacent to the ‘neck’, which is straight (in females) or only slightly concave in lateral view (in males) (Figs 14A–B cf. Figs 15A–B). Females further distinguished from other known congeners by the combination of a spherical abdomen (Fig. 14A), shallow post-ocular depression in lateral view (Fig. 9H), taller carapace (CH/CL ratio > 1.70) (Figs 7, 14A) and straight, almost vertical anterior margin of the diastema adjacent to the ‘neck’ (Fig. 14A).
This species can also be distinguished from other genotyped taxa (see Fig. 3) by the following three unique nucleotide substitutions for COI and COII (n = 4): G(165), G(924), T(1533).

Description

Holotype male: Total length 3.15; leg I femur 2.37; F1/CL ratio 2.01. Cephalothorax dark reddish-brown; legs tan brown with darker annulations; abdomen mottled grey-brown and beige, with reddish-brown dorsal scute and sclerites (Fig. 14B). Carapace relatively short (CH/CL ratio 1.77); 1.18 long, 2.09 high, 1.18 wide; ‘neck’ 0.68 wide; highest point of pars cephalica (HPC) approaching posterior third of ‘head’ (ratio of HPC to post-ocular length 0.62), carapace with shallow concave depression anterior to HPC; ‘head’ not strongly elevated dorsally (post-ocular ratio 0.20) (Fig. 8E). Chelicerae with proximal brush and additional comb of accessory setae on anterior face of paturon (Fig. 14C). Abdomen 1.64 long, 1.23 wide; almost spherical in lateral profile, without dorsal hump-like tubercles; dorsal scute fused anteriorly to epigastric sclerites, extending posteriorly to cover anterior two-thirds of dorsal abdomen. Unexpanded pedipalp (Figs 14D–F) pyriform, with broad, distally curved embolus supported by conductor sclerites 1–2; tegular sclerite 1 (TS 1) strongly curved, claw-like in prolateral view, with twisted, flattened and broadly rounded apex; TS 2–3 not projecting beyond retro-distal rim of tegulum.
Allotype female: Total length 3.54; leg I femur 2.50; F1/CL ratio 1.93. Cephalothorax dark reddish-brown; legs tan brown with darker annulations; abdomen mottled grey-brown and beige (Fig. 14A). Carapace relatively short (CH/CL ratio 1.86); 1.29 long, 2.41 high, 1.28 wide; ‘neck’ 0.78 wide; highest point of pars cephalica (HPC) approaching middle of ‘head’ (ratio of HPC to post-ocular length 0.57), carapace with shallow concave depression anterior to HPC; ‘head’ not strongly elevated dorsally (post-ocular ratio 0.19) (Fig. 9H). Chelicerae without accessory setae on anterior face of paturon. Abdomen 1.95 long, 1.51 wide; spherical in lateral profile, without dorsal hump-like tubercles. Internal genitalia (Fig. 14G) with cluster of ≤ 15 sausage-shaped spermathecae either side of gonopore, clusters widely separated along midline of genital plate.

Distribution and habitat

Zephyrarchaea melindae is known only from the summits of Toolbrunup Peak and nearby Mount Hassell, in the western Stirling Range National Park of southern Western Australia (west of Chester Pass) (Fig. 24). Specimens have been collected by beating and sifting sedges (Lepidosperma sp.) and low shrubs in montane heathland habitats.

Conservation status

This species is a short-range endemic taxon (Harvey 2002b[1]), with a maximum total range of less than 10 km2, and all known populations in the western Stirling Range National Park potentially threatened by fire, dieback disease (affecting montane vegetation) and climate change.

Original Description

  • Rix, M; Harvey, M; 2012: Australian Assassins, Part II: A review of the new assassin spider genus Zephyrarchaea (Araneae, Archaeidae) from southern Australia ZooKeys, 191: 1-62. doi

Other References

  1. ↑ Harvey M (2002b) Short-range endemism among the Australian fauna: some examples from non-marine environments. Invertebrate Systematics 16: 555-570. doi: 10.1071/IS02009

Images

Figure 3. Phylogeny of Zephyrarchaea species from Rix and Harvey (2012)[1], showing results from a combined, gene-partitioned Bayesian analysis of that study’s multi-gene dataset (2591 bp: COI, COII, tRNA-K, tRNA-D, ATP8, ATP6, H3). Clades with >95% posterior probability support are denoted by thickened branches, with lower individual clade support values shown above nodes. Note the presence of three main regional clades, each illustrated with an exemplar species (highlighted*). The Victorian species Zephyrarchaea grayi sp. n. and Zephyrarchaea porchi sp. n. were not able to be sequenced for this study (shown as black dots on inset map).
Figure 3. Phylogeny of Zephyrarchaea species from Rix and Harvey (2012)[1], showing results from a combined, gene-partitioned Bayesian analysis of that study’s multi-gene dataset (2591 bp: COI, COII, tRNA-K, tRNA-D, ATP8, ATP6, H3). Clades with >95% posterior probability support are denoted by thickened branches, with lower individual clade support values shown above nodes. Note the presence of three main regional clades, each illustrated with an exemplar species (highlighted*). The Victorian species Zephyrarchaea grayi sp. n. and Zephyrarchaea porchi sp. n. were not able to be sequenced for this study (shown as black dots on inset map). 
Figure 7. Graphs depicting the relationship between carapace length (CL) and carapace height (CH) for species of Zephyrarchaea. Smaller grey dots denote species of Austrarchaea (see Rix and Harvey 2011[1]); boxes denote the three lineages of Zephyrarchaea from Victoria/South Australia, the Stirling Range and elsewhere in southern Western Australia.
Figure 7. Graphs depicting the relationship between carapace length (CL) and carapace height (CH) for species of Zephyrarchaea. Smaller grey dots denote species of Austrarchaea (see Rix and Harvey 2011[1]); boxes denote the three lineages of Zephyrarchaea from Victoria/South Australia, the Stirling Range and elsewhere in southern Western Australia.
 
Figure 8. Lateral ‘head’ profiles of males of species of Zephyrarchaea, showing variation in carapace shape as quantified by the post-ocular ratio (P.O. Ratio) and ratio of highest point of carapace relative to post-ocular length (HPC Ratio): A, holotype Zephyrarchaea marae sp. n., showing the derivation of morphometric ratios; B, holotype Zephyrarchaea vichickmani sp. n.; C, holotype Zephyrarchaea marae sp. n.; D, holotype Zephyrarchaea porchi sp. n.; E, holotype Zephyrarchaea melindae sp. n.; F, holotype Zephyrarchaea barrettae sp. n.; G, holotype Zephyrarchaea mainae (Platnick, 1991b); H, holotype Zephyrarchaea marki sp. n.; I, holotype Zephyrarchaea janineae sp. n.
Figure 8. Lateral ‘head’ profiles of males of species of Zephyrarchaea, showing variation in carapace shape as quantified by the post-ocular ratio (P.O. Ratio) and ratio of highest point of carapace relative to post-ocular length (HPC Ratio): A, holotype Zephyrarchaea marae sp. n., showing the derivation of morphometric ratios; B, holotype Zephyrarchaea vichickmani sp. n.; C, holotype Zephyrarchaea marae sp. n.; D, holotype Zephyrarchaea porchi sp. n.; E, holotype Zephyrarchaea melindae sp. n.; F, holotype Zephyrarchaea barrettae sp. n.; G, holotype Zephyrarchaea mainae (Platnick, 1991b); H, holotype Zephyrarchaea marki sp. n.; I, holotype Zephyrarchaea janineae sp. n.
 
Figure 9. Lateral ‘head’ profiles of females of species of Zephyrarchaea, showing variation in carapace shape as quantified by the post-ocular ratio (P.O. Ratio) and ratio of highest point of carapace relative to post-ocular length (HPC Ratio) (see Fig. 8): A, allotype Zephyrarchaea vichickmani sp. n.; B, allotype Zephyrarchaea marae sp. n.; C, holotype Zephyrarchaea grayi sp. n.; D, holotype Zephyrarchaea austini sp. n.; E, Zephyrarchaea mainae (Platnick, 1991b); F, allotype Zephyrarchaea janineae sp. n.; G, holotype Zephyrarchaea robinsi (Harvey, 2002a); H, allotype Zephyrarchaea melindae sp. n.; I, allotype Zephyrarchaea barrettae sp. n.
Figure 9. Lateral ‘head’ profiles of females of species of Zephyrarchaea, showing variation in carapace shape as quantified by the post-ocular ratio (P.O. Ratio) and ratio of highest point of carapace relative to post-ocular length (HPC Ratio) (see Fig. 8): A, allotype Zephyrarchaea vichickmani sp. n.; B, allotype Zephyrarchaea marae sp. n.; C, holotype Zephyrarchaea grayi sp. n.; D, holotype Zephyrarchaea austini sp. n.; E, Zephyrarchaea mainae (Platnick, 1991b); F, allotype Zephyrarchaea janineae sp. n.; G, holotype Zephyrarchaea robinsi (Harvey, 2002a); H, allotype Zephyrarchaea melindae sp. n.; I, allotype Zephyrarchaea barrettae sp. n. 
Figure 14. Zephyrarchaea melindae sp. n. A–B, Cephalothorax and abdomen, lateral view: A, allotype female (WAM T97468) from Toolbrunup Peak, Stirling Range National Park, Western Australia; B, holotype male (WAM T118986) from Mount Hassell, Stirling Range National Park, Western Australia. C, Holotype male chelicerae, lateral view, showing accessory setae. D–F, Holotype male pedipalp: D–E, bulb, retrolateral view, with inset showing twisted apex of tegular sclerite 1 in retroventral view; F, detail of distal tegular sclerites, prolateral view. G, Allotype female internal genitalia, dorsal view. C1–2 = conductor sclerites 1–2; E = embolus; GP = genital plate; T = tegulum; (TS)1 = tegular sclerite 1. Scale bars: A–B = 1.0 mm; E = 0.2 mm.
Figure 14. Zephyrarchaea melindae sp. n. A–B, Cephalothorax and abdomen, lateral view: A, allotype female (WAM T97468) from Toolbrunup Peak, Stirling Range National Park, Western Australia; B, holotype male (WAM T118986) from Mount Hassell, Stirling Range National Park, Western Australia. C, Holotype male chelicerae, lateral view, showing accessory setae. D–F, Holotype male pedipalp: D–E, bulb, retrolateral view, with inset showing twisted apex of tegular sclerite 1 in retroventral view; F, detail of distal tegular sclerites, prolateral view. G, Allotype female internal genitalia, dorsal view. C1–2 = conductor sclerites 1–2; E = embolus; GP = genital plate; T = tegulum; (TS)1 = tegular sclerite 1. Scale bars: A–B = 1.0 mm; E = 0.2 mm.
 
Figure 15. Zephyrarchaea barrettae sp. n. A–B, Cephalothorax and abdomen, lateral view: A, allotype female (WAM T97466) from Talyuberlup Peak, Stirling Range National Park, Western Australia; B, holotype male (WAM T117055) from Talyuberlup Peak, Stirling Range National Park, Western Australia. C, Holotype male chelicerae, lateral view, showing accessory setae. D–F, Holotype male pedipalp: D–E, bulb, retrolateral view, with inset showing twisted apex of tegular sclerite 1 in retroventral view; F, detail of distal tegular sclerites, prolateral view. G, Allotype female internal genitalia, dorsal view. C1–2 = conductor sclerites 1–2; E = embolus; GP = genital plate; H = distal haematodocha; T = tegulum; (TS)1 = tegular sclerite 1. Scale bars: A–B = 1.0 mm; E = 0.2 mm.
Figure 15. Zephyrarchaea barrettae sp. n. A–B, Cephalothorax and abdomen, lateral view: A, allotype female (WAM T97466) from Talyuberlup Peak, Stirling Range National Park, Western Australia; B, holotype male (WAM T117055) from Talyuberlup Peak, Stirling Range National Park, Western Australia. C, Holotype male chelicerae, lateral view, showing accessory setae. D–F, Holotype male pedipalp: D–E, bulb, retrolateral view, with inset showing twisted apex of tegular sclerite 1 in retroventral view; F, detail of distal tegular sclerites, prolateral view. G, Allotype female internal genitalia, dorsal view. C1–2 = conductor sclerites 1–2; E = embolus; GP = genital plate; H = distal haematodocha; T = tegulum; (TS)1 = tegular sclerite 1. Scale bars: A–B = 1.0 mm; E = 0.2 mm.
 
Figure 24. Zephyrarchaea melindae sp. n., distribution and habitat: A, topographic map showing the known distribution of Archaeidae in south-western Western Australia, with collection localities for Zephyrarchaea melindae highlighted in yellow; B, satellite image showing detail of inset (A); C, view from the summit of Bluff Knoll across the western Stirling Range National Park, showing collection localities for Zephyrarchaea melindae (i.e. Toolbrunup Peak, Mount Hassell) highlighted in bold (June 2010). Note the Chester Pass lowlands, separating populations of Zephyrarchaea melindae and Zephyrarchaea robinsi, and Talyuberlup Peak in the distance, home to Zephyrarchaea barrettae sp. n. Image (C) by M. Rix.
Figure 24. Zephyrarchaea melindae sp. n., distribution and habitat: A, topographic map showing the known distribution of Archaeidae in south-western Western Australia, with collection localities for Zephyrarchaea melindae highlighted in yellow; B, satellite image showing detail of inset (A); C, view from the summit of Bluff Knoll across the western Stirling Range National Park, showing collection localities for Zephyrarchaea melindae (i.e. Toolbrunup Peak, Mount Hassell) highlighted in bold (June 2010). Note the Chester Pass lowlands, separating populations of Zephyrarchaea melindae and Zephyrarchaea robinsi, and Talyuberlup Peak in the distance, home to Zephyrarchaea barrettae sp. n. Image (C) by M. Rix. 
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Rix M, Harvey M (2012) Phylogeny and historical biogeography of ancient assassin spiders (Araneae: Archaeidae) in the Australian mesic zone: evidence for Miocene speciation within Tertiary refugia. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 62: 375-396. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.10.009
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