Difference between revisions of "Chthonius (Gardini, Giulio 2013)"
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| journal = Zootaxa | | journal = Zootaxa | ||
| volume = 3655 | | volume = 3655 | ||
| − | | pages = | + | | pages = 40 -- 45 |
| doi = TODO | | doi = TODO | ||
| citationurl = | | citationurl = | ||
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| Familia = Chthoniidae | | Familia = Chthoniidae | ||
| Genus = Chthonius | | Genus = Chthonius | ||
| − | | Specific name = | + | | Specific name = boldorii |
| − | | Infraspecific name = | + | | Infraspecific name = fuscimanus |
| Taxon rank = genus | | Taxon rank = genus | ||
| − | | Taxon authority = Gardini | + | | Taxon authority = Gardini 1980c: 261 |
| Taxon status = | | Taxon status = | ||
| − | | Nomenclature citation = {{Nomenclature citation| ''{{Taxon name|Chthonius }}'' Gardini, Giulio, 2013, Zootaxa 3655: | + | | Nomenclature citation = {{Nomenclature citation| ''{{Taxon name|Chthonius boldorii}}'' Gardini, Giulio, 2013, Zootaxa 3655: 40-45.}} |
| − | | Wikispecies page name = | + | | Wikispecies page name = Chthonius_boldorii |
| ZooBank ID = | | ZooBank ID = | ||
| − | | Pensoft Profile = | + | | Pensoft Profile = Chthonius_boldorii |
}} | }} | ||
| − | {{Section|class= | + | {{Section|class=description|heading = Description|content={{Taxon name|Chthonius|''Chthonius''}} (E.) {{Taxon name|Chthonius austriacus|''austriacus''}} (not Beier, 1931): Mahnert 1981: 96, 99, fig. 1. |
| + | {{Taxon name|Chthonius|''Chthonius''}} (E.) {{Taxon name|Chthonius austriacus|''austriacus''}} (not Beier, 1931): Gardini 1991: 177 (misidentification, see {{Taxon name|Chthonius boldorii|''C. boldorii''}}). {{Taxon name|Chthonius|''Chthonius''}} (E.) {{Taxon name|Chthonius fuscimanus|''fuscimanus''}}: Muster et al.2004: 300, figs 1, 3, 5, 7– 12. | ||
| + | Not C. (E.) {{Taxon name|Chthonius fuscimanus|''fuscimanus''}}: Gardini 2004: 129 (misidentification, see {{Taxon name|Chthonius boldorii|''C. boldorii''}}).}} | ||
| − | {{Section|class= | + | {{Section|class=materials_examined|heading = Materials Examined|content=[[Type]] locality:[[Italy]], Trentino, Trento Prov., Lavarone (45 ° 56 ʹN 11 ° 16 ʹE).}} |
| − | {{Section|class= | + | {{Section|class=distribution|heading = Distribution|content=Distribution.[[Austria]], [[Czech Republic]], [[Georgia]] (?), [[Germany]], NE [[Italy]], [[Turkey]] (?).}} |
| − | {{Section|class= | + | {{Section|class=diagnosis|heading = Diagnosis|content=Diagnosis (Ƥ). An oculated epigean {{Taxon name|Chthonius|''Chthonius''}} ({{Taxon name|Ephippiochthonius|''Ephippiochthonius''}}) from northeastern Alps that differs from other species of the {{Taxon name|Chthonius fuscimanus|''C. fuscimanus''}} group in the following combination of characters: movable cheliceral finger with isolated subapical tooth (di); pedipalpal hand (in lateral view) without a rounded hump distad of trichobothria ibisb, weakly depressed at level of ib-isb; pedipalpal fixed finger at level of est-it with 3–4 teeth occupying 0.1 mm (distance between successive apices 0.043–0.050); pedipalpal movable finger with 5–7 triangular teeth; proximal half of pedipalpal movable finger with straight, thick marginal lamina; length of chela 1.0– 1.12 (3), 1.13–1.25 (Ƥ) mm, length of movable chelal finger 0.52–0.58 (3), 0.58–0.63 (Ƥ); ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.3–1.7.}} |
| − | {{Section|class= | + | {{Section|class=materials_examined|heading = Materials Examined|content=[[Type]] material examined.[[ITALY]] —Trentino: Trento Prov.—1 Ƥ ([[holotype]]), “ {{Taxon name|Chthonius tetrachelatus subsp. fuscimanus|''Chthonius tetrachelatus fuscimanus''}} subsp. n.[[typu|typus]]! / Lavarone (Trentino) A. Dodero [leg.], Ag. 99 [VIII. 1899]” (MSNG). |
| + | Other material examined.[[ITALY]] —Friuli: Pordenone Prov.—1 Ƥ, Aviano, towards Piancavallo, 350–450 m a.s.l., no date, M. Seriani leg., chestnut wood; 1 3 1 T, id., Piancavallo, no date, M. Seriani, leaf litter in {{Taxon name|Fagus sylvatica|''Fagus sylvatica''}} wood and under stone; 1 Ƥ, Aviano, 1.XII. 1986, M. Seriani leg., chestnut wood; 1 3, id., Piancavallo, 1250 m a.s.l., 23.VI. 1996, F. Gasparo leg., {{Taxon name|Fagus sylvatica|''Fagus sylvatica''}} wood; 2 Ƥ, Barcis, near Ponte Molassa, 400 m a.s.l., 6.XI. 2004 / 20.VIII. 2005, G. Governatori leg., buried baits in broad-leaved wood; 1 Ƥ 1 D, Claut, Alta Val Cellina, Val Margons, 870 m a.s.l., 3.V. 2002, A. Dall’Asta leg., {{Taxon name|Fagus sylvatica|''Fagus sylvatica''}} wood (MFNB); 2 Ƥ, id., Alta Val Cellina, Pian de Cea, road to Casera Casavento, 930 m a.s.l., 1.VII– 13.VII. 2002, A. Dall’Asta leg., pitfall traps in {{Taxon name|Fagus sylvatica|''Fagus sylvatica''}} wood (MFNB); 1 3 2 Ƥ 1 D, id., Val Settimana, between Stalle Parigina and Stalla Pustrin, 650 m a.s.l., 2.V– 16.V. 2002, A. Dall’Asta leg., pitfall traps in {{Taxon name|Fagus sylvatica|''Fagus sylvatica''}} wood (MFNB); 1 D, id., 3.V. 2002 (MFNB); 1 Ƥ, id., 16.V– 30.V. 2002 (MFNB); 3 Ƥ, id., 30.V– 17.VI. 2002 (MFNB); 4 Ƥ, id., 17.VI– 1.VII. 2002 (MFNB); 1 3 3 Ƥ 1 D, id., 1.VII– 13.VII. 2002 (MFNB); 4 3 7 Ƥ 4 T, id., 13.VII– 29.VII. 2002 (MFNB); 5 3 2 Ƥ, Montereale Valcellina, 360 m a.s.l., 23.III– 27.VII. 1995, F. Gasparo leg., traps in coppice; 2 Ƥ 1 T, Sequals, Torbiera di Sequals, 200 m a.s.l., 14.X. 2001, G. Colombetta leg., pitfall traps (MFNB); 1 3 2 Ƥ, id., 29.X. 2001, G. Tomasin leg., tuft of {{Taxon name|Carex|''Carex''}} sp. (MFNB); 2 3 3 Ƥ, Torrate, Bosco near Torrate, 23.I. 1982, M. Seriani leg., {{Taxon name|Quercus|''Quercus''}} and {{Taxon name|Carpinus|''Carpinus''}}; 1 Ƥ 1 T, Tramonti di Sotto, near Campone, 2.X. 1985, S. Zoia leg.; 2 3 1 Ƥ, id., Bosco Selvàz, 21.VI. 1987, L. Dreon leg.; 2 Ƥ, Vito d'Asio, Pielungo, 12.V. 1985, M. Seriani leg., oak wood. Friuli: Udine Prov.—1 3 1 Ƥ, Amaro, 350 m a.s.l., 10.I– 8.V. 1991, F. Gasparo leg.; 4 3, Artegna, 250 m a.s.l., 4.III– 11.VIII. 1992, F. Gasparo leg., traps; 1 Ƥ, Bertiolo, Risorgive di Virco, 23 m a.s.l., 31.III. 2001, A. Zanetti, A. Tagliapietra, G. Tomasin & G. Governatori leg., basic peat, base of {{Taxon name|Alnus glutinosa|''Alnus glutinosa''}} (MFNB); 1 3, id., Risorgive di Virco, 23 m a.s.l., 19.VI. 2001, G. Colombetta leg., pitfall traps in wet wood (MFNB); 2 Ƥ 1 T, id., 19.VI. 2001 (MFNB); 1 Ƥ 1 D, id., 16.X. 2001 (MFNB); 1 D, id., 16.X. 2001, pitfall traps in wet wood (MFNB); 1 3 1 D, id., 26.XI. 2001, G. Tomasin & F. Stoch leg., basic peat, tuft of {{Taxon name|Carex|''Carex''}} sp. (MFNB); 1 3, Bordano, north of Bordano, 450 m a.s.l., 13.V. 1992, F. Gasparo leg.; 3 3 2 Ƥ, Carlino, 22.XI. 1989, M. Seriani leg., Querco-Carpinetum; 2 3 1 Ƥ, Cavazzo Carnico, 290 m a.s.l., 16.IV– 23.IX. 1992, F. Gasparo leg., traps in {{Taxon name|Picea|''Picea''}} wood; 2 3 5 Ƥ, id., 290 m a.s.l., 16.IV. 1992, F. Gasparo leg.; 4 3 2 Ƥ, Cervignano, Bosco Pradiziolo, 16.I. 1983, M. Seriani leg., oak wood (together with 1 3 5 Ƥ of {{Taxon name|Chthonius boldorii|''C. boldorii''}}); 4 3 5 Ƥ 1 T, id., 4.III. 1983, M. Seriani leg. (together with 1 3 1 Ƥ of {{Taxon name|Chthonius boldorii|''C. boldorii''}}); 1 T, Chiusaforte, Raunis, 560 m a.s.l., 6.VIII. 1995, G. Governatori leg., under stone; 1 3, Forni di Sotto, 800–850 m a.s.l., 13.IV. 1996, F. Gasparo leg., {{Taxon name|Fagus sylvatica|''Fagus sylvatica''}} wood; 5 3 7 Ƥ, Lusevera, Alta Val Torre, near Case Tacia, 840 m a.s.l., 26.VIII. 1992, M. M. Giovannelli leg., {{Taxon name|Fagus sylvatica|''Fagus sylvatica''}} wood (MFNB); 1 Ƥ, id., near Casere Tanatcason, 740 m a.s.l., 6.VIII– 4.IX. 2006, G. Colombetta & L. Dorigo leg., scree slope (together with 2 3 of {{Taxon name|Chthonius boldorii|''C. boldorii''}}) (MFNB); 1 3 1 T, id., 29.VIII– 16.X. 2007, P. Glerean & L. Dorigo leg., scree slope (MFNB); 2 3 4 Ƥ, id., [[Isola]] Torrente Mea, 700 m a.s.l., 5.VIII. 1992, M. Governatori leg., shrubs (MFNB); 2 3 2 Ƥ, id., 5.VIII– 2.IX. 1992, G. Governatori & C. Luppi leg., shrubs (MFNB); 1 Ƥ, id., 7.X– 7.XI. 1992, G. Governatori leg., shrubs (MFNB); 4 Ƥ, id., 7.XI. 1992, G. Governatori leg.; 1 Ƥ, id., Valle Torrente Mea, 19.XI. 2000, G. Governatori leg., pitfall trap (MFNB); 1 Ƥ, id., Passo di Tanamea, 1000 m a.s.l., 5.VIII. 1992, G. Governatori leg., {{Taxon name|Fagus sylvatica|''Fagus sylvatica''}} wood (MFNB); 3 3 6 Ƥ, id., Pian di Tapou, 900 m a.s.l., 7.XI. 1992, G. Governatori & C. Luppi leg., {{Taxon name|Fagus sylvatica|''Fagus sylvatica''}} wood (MFNB); 1 3, id., 4.IX– 5.X. 2006, G. Colombetta leg., pitfall traps in {{Taxon name|Fagus sylvatica|''Fagus sylvatica''}} wood (MFNB); 2 Ƥ, id., 21.VI– 13.VII. 2007 (MFNB); 3 Ƥ, id., Torrente Vedronza, 330 m a.s.l., 5.VIII. 1992, G. Governatori leg., mixed wood (MFNB); 1 Ƥ 1 T, Moggio Udinese, Stavoli Cuel Lung Alto, slope of Monte Zovet, 700 m a.s.l., 19.VI– 16.VII. 2001, A. Dall’Asta leg., pitfall traps in {{Taxon name|Fagus sylvatica|''Fagus sylvatica''}} wood (MFNB); 1 3 4 Ƥ 2 T, id., 16.VII– 20.VIII. 2001, G. Governatori leg., pitfall traps in {{Taxon name|Fagus sylvatica|''Fagus sylvatica''}} wood (MFNB); 1 3, id., 20.VIII. 26.IX. 2001, G. Governatori leg., pitfall traps in {{Taxon name|Fagus sylvatica|''Fagus sylvatica''}} wood (MFNB); 1 D, id., 30.X. 2001, G. Governatori leg., {{Taxon name|Fagus sylvatica|''Fagus sylvatica''}} wood (MFNB); 1 3, id., Stavoli Tugliezzo, Rio Lavarie, 470 m a.s.l., 19.VI– 16.VII. 2001, A. Dall’Asta leg., pitfall traps in {{Taxon name|Fagus sylvatica|''Fagus sylvatica''}} wood (MFNB); 6 3 7 Ƥ 10 T 22 D, id., 26.IX– 30.X. 2001, G. Governatori & A. Dall’Asta leg., cone traps in {{Taxon name|Fagus sylvatica|''Fagus sylvatica''}} wood (together with 2 3 1 Ƥ of {{Taxon name|Chthonius boldorii|''C. boldorii''}}) (MFNB); 1 Ƥ, Musi, 14.XI. 1980, M. Seriani leg., moss; 2 3, Muzzana, 15.X. 1982, M. Seriani leg., Querco-Carpinetum; 2 Ƥ ({{Taxon name|Chthonius austriacus|''C. austriacus''}}, G. Callaini det.), Pradis, 10.IV. 1983, M. Seriani leg. (MSNV); 1 3 2 Ƥ, Prestento, Torreano, 190 m a.s.l., 6.IV– 10.VII. 1993, F. Gasparo leg., traps in {{Taxon name|Carpinus betulus|''Carpinus betulus''}} wood; 3 Ƥ, Ragogna, San Giorgio, 150 m a.s.l., 2.XI. 2003, D. Bianco leg. (EPV); 3 Ƥ, Resia, near Uccea, 780 m a.s.l., 1.VI. 1986, C. Torti & S. Zoia leg., {{Taxon name|Fagus sylvatica|''Fagus sylvatica''}} wood; 2 Ƥ, id., Val Uccea, near Casera Malicuc, 760 m a.s.l., 20.VII– 20.VIII. 2001, G. Governatori leg., pitfall traps in {{Taxon name|Fagus sylvatica|''Fagus sylvatica''}} wood (MFNB); 1 3 2 Ƥ, id., Val Uccea, near Torrente Uccea, 650 m a.s.l. ca, 17.IV– 6.VI. 2006, G. Colombetta & L. Dorigo leg., pitfall traps (MFNB); 1 3, id., 12.VII– 14.VIII. 2007 (MFNB); 1 3, id., 14.VIII– 16.X. 2007, P. Glerean & L. Dorigo leg. (MFNB); 1 D, Rivignano, Risorgive Zarnicco, 13 m a.s.l., 31.III. 2001, A. Zanetti, A. Tagliapietra, G. Tomasin & G. Governatori leg., riparian wood, base of {{Taxon name|Alnus glutinosa|''Alnus glutinosa''}} (MFNB); 1 T 1 D, id., 19.VI. 2001, G. Colombetta leg., pitfall traps in riparian wood (MFNB); 1 D, id., 16.X. 2001 (MFNB); 2 3, Sezza, Zuglio, 670 m a.s.l., 20.II– 3.VIII. 1992, F. Gasparo leg., traps; 1 3 1 Ƥ, Taipana, Monteaperta, southern slope of Gran Monte, 700 m a.s.l. ca, 10.IX– 10.X. 1994, G. Governatori leg., secondary lawn (MFNB); 1 3, Tolmezzo, Caneva, 360 m a.s.l., 10.VI. 1993, F. Gasparo leg., mixed wood; 1 3, Trasaghis, 250 m a.s.l., 5.V. 1992, F. Gasparo leg. (together with 1 3 2 Ƥ of {{Taxon name|Chthonius boldorii|''C. boldorii''}}); 2 3 3 Ƥ 7 T 4 D, Trasaghis, Peonis, 180 m a.s.l., 29.VIII– 13.XI. 1991, F. Gasparo leg., {{Taxon name|Ostrya carpinifolia|''Ostrya carpinifolia''}}; 14 3 15 Ƥ 2 T, Venzone, Pioverno, 250 m a.s.l., 11.II– 14.VII. 1992, F. Gasparo leg., traps in {{Taxon name|Ostrya carpinifolia|''Ostrya carpinifolia''}} wood (together with 1 3 2 ƤƤ of {{Taxon name|Chthonius boldorii|''C. boldorii''}}); 1 T, id., Monte Plauris group, near Casera Ungarina, 1325 m a.s.l., 2.VIII– 1.IX. 2006, G. Colombetta & L. Dorigo leg., pitfall traps in {{Taxon name|Fagus sylvatica|''Fagus sylvatica''}} wood (MFNB); 1 Ƥ, id., Monte Plauris group, near Malga Confin, 1315 m a.s.l. ca, 19.VI– 25.VII. 2007, G. Colombetta & L. Dorigo leg., pitfall traps in {{Taxon name|Fagus sylvatica|''Fagus sylvatica''}} wood (MFNB); 3 3 1 T, id., Valle Venzonassa, Borgo Prabunello, 765 m a.s.l., 20.VI– 2.VIII. 2006, G. Colombetta & L. Dorigo leg. (MFNB); 1 3 1 T, id., 2.VIII– 1.IX. 2006, wood (MFNB); 1 Ƥ, id., 1.IX– 30.IX. 2006 (MFNB); 1 3 2 Ƥ, id., 30.IV– 19.VI. 2007, pitfall traps in Ostryo-Fagetum (MFNB); 1 3 1 Ƥ, id., 19.VI– 25.VII. 2007 (MFNB); 2 T, id., 30.IX– 1.XI. 2007, G. Colombetta leg., pitfall traps in Ostryo-Fagetum (MFNB); 1 3 1 Ƥ 1 T, id., Val Venzonassa, near Casera Frassin near Rio Bruschie, 630 m a.s.l. ca, 25.VII– 6.IX. 2007, P. Glerean & L. Dorigo leg., pitfall traps in {{Taxon name|Fagus sylvatica|''Fagus sylvatica''}} wood (MFNB); 1 T, id., 6.IX– 9.X. 2007, G. Colombetta leg., pitfall traps in {{Taxon name|Fagus sylvatica|''Fagus sylvatica''}} wood (MFNB); 1 Ƥ, Verzegnis, Pozzis, 31.X. 1982, M. Seriani leg.; 1 3, Villa Santina, 400 m a.s.l., 11.II– 29.IV. 1994, F. Gasparo leg., {{Taxon name|Carpinus betulus|''Carpinus betulus''}} wood; 2 Ƥ, id., 29.IV– 5.VII. 1994, F. Gasparo leg., traps in {{Taxon name|Carpinus betulus|''Carpinus betulus''}} wood; 1 3 1 Ƥ, id., 30.IV. 1991, F. Gasparo leg., {{Taxon name|Carpinus|''Carpinus''}}; 1 Ƥ, Villa Santina, near Avaglio, 420 m a.s.l., 14.VII. 1993, M. Bodon leg. Veneto: Belluno Prov.—2 3 2 T, near Piano del Cansiglio, 1000 m a.s.l., 4.X. 1985, S. Zoia leg., {{Taxon name|Fagus sylvatica|''Fagus sylvatica''}} wood; 1 3 ({{Taxon name|Chthonius austriacus|''C. austriacus''}}, G. Callaini det.), Agordo, [no date], S. Ruffo leg. (MSNV); 1 Ƥ ({{Taxon name|Chthonius austriacus|''C. austriacus''}}, G. Lazzeroni det.), id., 4.V. 1967, Riggio & R. Gioco leg. (MSNV); 3 3 3 Ƥ, id., La Muda, 550 m a.s.l., 2.VII. 1985, G. Gardini & R. Rizzerio leg.; 1 3, Sovramonte, small valley near Grotta Faller 3189 V/BL, 650 m a.s.l., 4.VI. 2006, D. Bianco & E. Piva leg. (EPV). Ve n e to: Treviso Prov.—1 Ƥ, Cansiglio, 6.VI. 1974, A. Minelli leg.; 1 3, Passo Sant’Ubaldo, northern slope, 16.VI. 1973, A. Minelli leg.; 1 3, Cison di Valmarino, 3.VII. 1975, A. Minelli leg.; 1 Ƥ 1 T, Crespano del Grappa, Beata Vergine del Covolo, 400 m a.s.l., 11.I. 1998, A. Zanetti leg.; 1 3, Fadalto, 2.VIII. 1972, A. Minelli leg.; 1 Ƥ, id., 8.X. 1972; 1 3 3 Ƥ, id., 12.X. 1972; 2 Ƥ, id., Sella di Fadalto, 500 m a.s.l., 3.VIII. 1991, F. Gasparo leg., {{Taxon name|Ostrya carpinifolia|''Ostrya carpinifolia''}}; 2 3 1 Ƥ, Miane, Combai, 450 m a.s.l., 8.IV. 1972, A. Minelli leg.; 1 3, Susegana, Castello San Salvatore, Ricovero difensivo 74 V /TV, 150 m a.s.l., 8.VI. 2002, Forte & S. Vanin leg. (SVP); 1 Ƥ, Vittorio Veneto, Monte Pizzoc, 1200 m a.s.l., 18.V. 1972, A. Minelli leg. Veneto: Vicenza Prov.—1 Ƥ, Arcugnano, Lago di Fimon, 31.VIII. 1987, R. Rizzerio & G. Gardini leg.; 1 3, Asiago, Cima Fonte, 400 m a.s.l., 14.VI. 1992, L. Latella leg.; 1 3, id., Cima Echar, 1200 m a.s.l., 23.IX. 1999, R. Monguzzi leg. (RMM); 1 Ƥ, Cornedo Vicentino, Cereda, small valley near Grotta del [[Cameron]], 350 m a.s.l., 14.IX. 2005, D. Bianco leg. (EPV); 1 3, Enego, between Enego and Primolano, 500 m a.s.l., 8.VIII. 1991, F. Gasparo leg.; 1 Ƥ, Valdagno, Passo Zovo, Grotta Sette Fé, 630 m a.s.l., 4.V. 2003, D. Bianco leg. (EPV); 1 Ƥ, Zovencedo, 8.III. 1982, M. Seriani leg. Veneto: Verona Prov.—1 3 1 T, Bussolengo, Parco Natura Viva, 14.VI. 2002, Marzotto & S. Vanin leg. (SVP); 1 3 ({{Taxon name|Chthonius austriacus|''C. austriacus''}}, G. Lazzeroni det.), Giazza, Tregnago, 8.V. 1968, G. Lazzeroni leg. (MSNV); 1 Ƥ, Monteforte d’Alpone, Sant’Ilario, 8.III. 1982, M. Seriani leg.; 4 3 ({{Taxon name|Chthonius austriacus|''C. austriacus''}}, G. Lazzeroni det.), Monti Lessini, Rifugio Rivolto, 9.VII. 1968, G. Lazzeroni & A. Montolli leg. (MSNV); 1 3 ({{Taxon name|Chthonius austriacus|''C. austriacus''}}, G. Lazzeroni det.), Velo Veronese, 8.V. 1968, G. Lazzeroni & A. Montolli leg. (MSNV).}} | ||
| − | {{Section|class=description|heading = Description|content=Description of adults (Ƥ). Integument | + | {{Section|class=description|heading = Description|content=Description of adults (Ƥ). Integument pigmented, carapace, tergites, chelicerae and pedipalps brown; pedipalpal hand mostly darker than chelal fingers; hispid granulation on lateral surface of carapace and on cheliceral palm. Carapace 0.9–1.1 times longer than broad, subquadrate; anterior margin (figs 68–69) strongly dentate between median macrosetae, sometimes weakly prominent, without epistome; ocular area as in fig. 70, four well-developed eyes: anterior pair with convex lens (diameter 0.048–0.058 mm) and tapetum; posterior eyes with flat lens or reduced to ocular spot; distance from anterior eyes to anterior margin of carapace 0.034–0.054 mm; chaetotaxy mm 4mm: 6: 4: 2: 2 (18), macrosetae thick; length of anteromedian macrosetae 0.08–0.15 mm. Chaetotaxy of tergites I–X 4: 4: 4: 6: 6: 6: 6: 6: 4. Chaetotaxy of sternites II–X 9–12:(3) 9–11 (3):(2) 7 (2): 8: 6: 6: 6: 6: 7; sternite IV rarely with (2) 8 (2) setae, sternite V rarely with 7 or 9 setae; genital opening of males mostly flanked by 7–8 (rarely 9 or 11) setae on each side. Chelicerae (figs 71–72) 2.1–2.2 times as long as broad, palm with 6 setae and 2 microsetae laterally; fixed finger with 6–9 subequal teeth and 5–9 proximal microtubercles; movable finger with a large isolated subapical tooth (di), at level with the spinneret, 4 (rarely 5) teeth proximally reduced in size and 4–5 proximal microtubercles; gl ratio 0.56–0.62; spinneret large and prominent, apically rounded, slightly smaller in males; rallum with 11 blades; serrulae interior and exterior respectively with 12 and 14 blades. Coxal setae: pedipalp 5 (including 2 on manducatory process), I 3 + 3 marginal microsetae, II 4, III 5, IV 6; coxa II with 7–11 (rarely 12–13) coxal spines, coxa III with 3–5 (rarely 2, 6 or 7) coxal spines; intercoxal tubercle bisetose. Pedipalp: femur 6.5 –7.0 (3), 6.3–6.7 (Ƥ) times as long as broad, ventrobasally with weakly hispid granulation; chela (figs 73–75) 5.4–5.8 (3), 4.4 –5.0 (Ƥ) times as long as deep; hand of chela 2.4–2.5 (3), 2.05–2.3 (Ƥ) times as long as deep, weakly depressed at level of ib-isb, without hump distad of ib-isb; fixed chelal finger mostly with 11–12 (rarely 9, 10 or 13) large triangular teeth, with dental canals, slightly reclined; the first distal triangular tooth sometimes very small; the first two proximal teeth mostly brought close together and prominent, the first one mostly apically rounded, sometimes rudimentary but always with dental canal; base of fixed finger with a variable number of microtubercles or without microtubercles; tip of fixed finger with a modified accessory tooth (td) on antiaxial face; fixed chelal finger at level of est-it with 3–4 teeth occupying 0.1 mm (distance between successive apices 0.043–0.050 mm); distal half of movable finger with 6–7 (rarely 5) upright, large, triangular teeth with dental canals; first proximal tooth of movable finger at middle or slightly distad of middle finger (ratio 0.50–0.55); proximal half of movable finger with straight, thick marginal lamina; coupled sensilla pc mostly between b and sb, rarely nearer sb; trichobothria as in figs 74–75, eb-esb-ist mostly in a straight line; basal apodeme of movable finger strongly sclerotized, rectangular, slightly bent and apically truncated; ratio of movable finger/hand of chela 1.2 (3), 1.1 (Ƥ); ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 1.3–1.4 (3 Ƥ); ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.3– 1.7 (3 Ƥ). |
| + | Measurements (in mm). Body length 1.5 –2.0 (3), 1.9–2.4 (Ƥ).Carapace 0.40–0.51 × 0.40–0.50 (0.42–0.49 anteriorly) (3), 0.48–0.61 × 0.48–0.58 (0.44–0.54 anteriorly) (Ƥ). Chelicerae 0.40–0.43 × 0.18–0.20 (3), 0.45– 0.51 × 0.21–0.24 (Ƥ), movable finger length 0.20–0.22 (3), 0.23–0.26 (Ƥ). Pedipalp: femur 0.71–0.80 × 0.11–0.12 (3), 0.82–0.88 × 0.125–0.14 (Ƥ); chela 1.0– 1.12 × 0.18–0.19 (3), 1.13–1.25 × 0.23–0.265 (Ƥ); hand length 0.43– 0.48 (3), 0.51–0.58 (Ƥ); movable finger length 0.52–0.58 (3), 0.58–0.63 (Ƥ). | ||
| − | + | Description of tritonymph. Integument with weak pigmentation, hispid granulation less marked than in adults. Carapace 1.1 times longer than broad, without epistome; eyes as in adults; chaetotaxy m 4m: 6: 4: 2: 2 (18); length of anteromedian macrosetae 0.08 mm. Chaetotaxy of tergites as in adults. Chaetotaxy of sternites II–X 5:(2) 8 (2):(1) 6 (1): 7: 6: 6: 6: 6: 7. Chelicerae 2.2 times as long as broad, palm with 5 setae and 1 lateral microseta; fixed finger with 6 teeth, movable finger with an isolated subapical tooth (di) and 3–4 teeth; gl ratio 0.56. Coxal setae: pedipalp 5 (including 2 on manducatory process), I 3 + 2 marginal microsetae, II 4, III 5, IV 5; coxa II with 6–7 coxal spines, coxa III with 3 coxal spines; intercoxal tubercle bisetose. Pedipalp: femur 5.7 times as long as broad; chela 5.6–5.8 times as long as deep; hand of chela 2.5 times as long as deep; fixed chelal finger with 10 teeth; tip of fixed finger with a modified accessory tooth (td) on antiaxial face; distal half of movable finger with 7 teeth, proximal half of movable finger with straight, thick marginal lamina; coupled sensilla pc distad of b; ratio of movable finger/hand of chela 1.2; ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 1.3; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.3. | |
| + | Measurements (in mm). Body length 1.3. Carapace 0.40 × 0.36 (0.31 anteriorly). Chelicerae 0.31 × 0.135, movable finger length 0.16. Pedipalp: femur 0.52 × 0.09; chela 0.71–0.73 × 0.125; hand length 0.32; movable finger length 0.38–0.39.}} | ||
| − | {{Section|class=discussion|heading = Discussion|content=Remarks. Among the species of the {{Taxon name|Chthonius fuscimanus|''Chthonius fuscimanus''}} group, {{Taxon name|Chthonius | + | {{Section|class=discussion|heading = Discussion|content=Remarks. Among the species of the {{Taxon name|Chthonius fuscimanus|''Chthonius fuscimanus''}} group, {{Taxon name|Chthonius fuscimanus|''C. fuscimanus''}} is related to the epigean {{Taxon name|Chthonius boldorii|''C. boldorii''}}, from which it differs solely by the presence of the isolated subapical tooth (di) on the cheliceral movable finger (Muster et al., 2004: see Remarks under {{Taxon name|Chthonius boldorii|''C. boldorii''}}). |
| − | + | Italian populations of {{Taxon name|Chthonius fuscimanus|''C. fuscimanus''}} show morphological features and dimensional ranges in agreement with those reported in Gardini (1980 c) and Muster et al. (2004), apart from the lower length of pedipalpal femur: 0.54– 0.68 (3) 0.60–0.78 (Ƥ) according to the latter authors. | |
| + | {{Taxon name|Chthonius fuscimanus|''C. fuscimanus''}} is distributed in [[Italy]] continuously from the Dolomites and Venetian pre-Alps in the West (East of Lake Garda, as also stated by Muster et al., 2004) to the Julian Alps and pre-Alps in the East, with scattered occurrences in the plane of Friuli. | ||
| + | Beier (1963 b) recorded {{Taxon name|Chthonius boldorii|''C. boldorii''}} (1 3 2 Ƥ) from Ponte Strambo near Bedonia ({{Taxon name|Emilia|''Emilia''}}) and Muster et al. (2004, p. 311, fig. 20) refer to {{Taxon name|Chthonius fuscimanus|''C. fuscimanus''}} a “juv.” from Bedonia; the presence of both species in the Northern Apennines needs to be confirmed, as do and many other Italian records of {{Taxon name|Chthonius fuscimanus|''C. fuscimanus''}} reported by Gardini (2000).}} | ||
==Taxon Treatment== | ==Taxon Treatment== | ||
| − | *{{aut|Gardini, Giulio}}; 2013: A revision of the species of the pseudoscorpion subgenus Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from Italy and neighbouring areas, Zootaxa '''3655''': | + | *{{aut|Gardini, Giulio}}; 2013: A revision of the species of the pseudoscorpion subgenus Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from Italy and neighbouring areas, Zootaxa '''3655''': 40-45. {{doi|TODO}} |
[[Category:Work Pending at Plazi]] | [[Category:Work Pending at Plazi]] | ||
| − | {{Provided by Plazi | id = | + | {{Provided by Plazi | id = 03DE87C1FFCCF94F6B99FD7018B8A4E9}} |
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Ordo: Pseudoscorpiones
Familia: Chthoniidae
Genus: Chthonius
Species: Chthonius boldorii
Name
Chthonius boldorii fuscimanus Gardini 1980c: 261 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Chthonius boldorii Gardini, Giulio, 2013, Zootaxa 3655: 40-45.
Description
Chthonius (E.) austriacus (not Beier, 1931): Mahnert 1981: 96, 99, fig. 1. Chthonius (E.) austriacus (not Beier, 1931): Gardini 1991: 177 (misidentification, see C. boldorii). Chthonius (E.) fuscimanus: Muster et al.2004: 300, figs 1, 3, 5, 7– 12. Not C. (E.) fuscimanus: Gardini 2004: 129 (misidentification, see C. boldorii).
Materials Examined
Type locality:Italy, Trentino, Trento Prov., Lavarone (45 ° 56 ʹN 11 ° 16 ʹE).
Distribution
Distribution.Austria, Czech Republic, Georgia (?), Germany, NE Italy, Turkey (?).
Diagnosis
Diagnosis (Ƥ). An oculated epigean Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) from northeastern Alps that differs from other species of the C. fuscimanus group in the following combination of characters: movable cheliceral finger with isolated subapical tooth (di); pedipalpal hand (in lateral view) without a rounded hump distad of trichobothria ibisb, weakly depressed at level of ib-isb; pedipalpal fixed finger at level of est-it with 3–4 teeth occupying 0.1 mm (distance between successive apices 0.043–0.050); pedipalpal movable finger with 5–7 triangular teeth; proximal half of pedipalpal movable finger with straight, thick marginal lamina; length of chela 1.0– 1.12 (3), 1.13–1.25 (Ƥ) mm, length of movable chelal finger 0.52–0.58 (3), 0.58–0.63 (Ƥ); ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.3–1.7.
Materials Examined
Type material examined.ITALY —Trentino: Trento Prov.—1 Ƥ (holotype), “ Chthonius tetrachelatus fuscimanus subsp. n.typus! / Lavarone (Trentino) A. Dodero [leg.], Ag. 99 [VIII. 1899]” (MSNG). Other material examined.ITALY —Friuli: Pordenone Prov.—1 Ƥ, Aviano, towards Piancavallo, 350–450 m a.s.l., no date, M. Seriani leg., chestnut wood; 1 3 1 T, id., Piancavallo, no date, M. Seriani, leaf litter in Fagus sylvatica wood and under stone; 1 Ƥ, Aviano, 1.XII. 1986, M. Seriani leg., chestnut wood; 1 3, id., Piancavallo, 1250 m a.s.l., 23.VI. 1996, F. Gasparo leg., Fagus sylvatica wood; 2 Ƥ, Barcis, near Ponte Molassa, 400 m a.s.l., 6.XI. 2004 / 20.VIII. 2005, G. Governatori leg., buried baits in broad-leaved wood; 1 Ƥ 1 D, Claut, Alta Val Cellina, Val Margons, 870 m a.s.l., 3.V. 2002, A. Dall’Asta leg., Fagus sylvatica wood (MFNB); 2 Ƥ, id., Alta Val Cellina, Pian de Cea, road to Casera Casavento, 930 m a.s.l., 1.VII– 13.VII. 2002, A. Dall’Asta leg., pitfall traps in Fagus sylvatica wood (MFNB); 1 3 2 Ƥ 1 D, id., Val Settimana, between Stalle Parigina and Stalla Pustrin, 650 m a.s.l., 2.V– 16.V. 2002, A. Dall’Asta leg., pitfall traps in Fagus sylvatica wood (MFNB); 1 D, id., 3.V. 2002 (MFNB); 1 Ƥ, id., 16.V– 30.V. 2002 (MFNB); 3 Ƥ, id., 30.V– 17.VI. 2002 (MFNB); 4 Ƥ, id., 17.VI– 1.VII. 2002 (MFNB); 1 3 3 Ƥ 1 D, id., 1.VII– 13.VII. 2002 (MFNB); 4 3 7 Ƥ 4 T, id., 13.VII– 29.VII. 2002 (MFNB); 5 3 2 Ƥ, Montereale Valcellina, 360 m a.s.l., 23.III– 27.VII. 1995, F. Gasparo leg., traps in coppice; 2 Ƥ 1 T, Sequals, Torbiera di Sequals, 200 m a.s.l., 14.X. 2001, G. Colombetta leg., pitfall traps (MFNB); 1 3 2 Ƥ, id., 29.X. 2001, G. Tomasin leg., tuft of Carex sp. (MFNB); 2 3 3 Ƥ, Torrate, Bosco near Torrate, 23.I. 1982, M. Seriani leg., Quercus and Carpinus; 1 Ƥ 1 T, Tramonti di Sotto, near Campone, 2.X. 1985, S. Zoia leg.; 2 3 1 Ƥ, id., Bosco Selvàz, 21.VI. 1987, L. Dreon leg.; 2 Ƥ, Vito d'Asio, Pielungo, 12.V. 1985, M. Seriani leg., oak wood. Friuli: Udine Prov.—1 3 1 Ƥ, Amaro, 350 m a.s.l., 10.I– 8.V. 1991, F. Gasparo leg.; 4 3, Artegna, 250 m a.s.l., 4.III– 11.VIII. 1992, F. Gasparo leg., traps; 1 Ƥ, Bertiolo, Risorgive di Virco, 23 m a.s.l., 31.III. 2001, A. Zanetti, A. Tagliapietra, G. Tomasin & G. Governatori leg., basic peat, base of Alnus glutinosa (MFNB); 1 3, id., Risorgive di Virco, 23 m a.s.l., 19.VI. 2001, G. Colombetta leg., pitfall traps in wet wood (MFNB); 2 Ƥ 1 T, id., 19.VI. 2001 (MFNB); 1 Ƥ 1 D, id., 16.X. 2001 (MFNB); 1 D, id., 16.X. 2001, pitfall traps in wet wood (MFNB); 1 3 1 D, id., 26.XI. 2001, G. Tomasin & F. Stoch leg., basic peat, tuft of Carex sp. (MFNB); 1 3, Bordano, north of Bordano, 450 m a.s.l., 13.V. 1992, F. Gasparo leg.; 3 3 2 Ƥ, Carlino, 22.XI. 1989, M. Seriani leg., Querco-Carpinetum; 2 3 1 Ƥ, Cavazzo Carnico, 290 m a.s.l., 16.IV– 23.IX. 1992, F. Gasparo leg., traps in Picea wood; 2 3 5 Ƥ, id., 290 m a.s.l., 16.IV. 1992, F. Gasparo leg.; 4 3 2 Ƥ, Cervignano, Bosco Pradiziolo, 16.I. 1983, M. Seriani leg., oak wood (together with 1 3 5 Ƥ of C. boldorii); 4 3 5 Ƥ 1 T, id., 4.III. 1983, M. Seriani leg. (together with 1 3 1 Ƥ of C. boldorii); 1 T, Chiusaforte, Raunis, 560 m a.s.l., 6.VIII. 1995, G. Governatori leg., under stone; 1 3, Forni di Sotto, 800–850 m a.s.l., 13.IV. 1996, F. Gasparo leg., Fagus sylvatica wood; 5 3 7 Ƥ, Lusevera, Alta Val Torre, near Case Tacia, 840 m a.s.l., 26.VIII. 1992, M. M. Giovannelli leg., Fagus sylvatica wood (MFNB); 1 Ƥ, id., near Casere Tanatcason, 740 m a.s.l., 6.VIII– 4.IX. 2006, G. Colombetta & L. Dorigo leg., scree slope (together with 2 3 of C. boldorii) (MFNB); 1 3 1 T, id., 29.VIII– 16.X. 2007, P. Glerean & L. Dorigo leg., scree slope (MFNB); 2 3 4 Ƥ, id., Isola Torrente Mea, 700 m a.s.l., 5.VIII. 1992, M. Governatori leg., shrubs (MFNB); 2 3 2 Ƥ, id., 5.VIII– 2.IX. 1992, G. Governatori & C. Luppi leg., shrubs (MFNB); 1 Ƥ, id., 7.X– 7.XI. 1992, G. Governatori leg., shrubs (MFNB); 4 Ƥ, id., 7.XI. 1992, G. Governatori leg.; 1 Ƥ, id., Valle Torrente Mea, 19.XI. 2000, G. Governatori leg., pitfall trap (MFNB); 1 Ƥ, id., Passo di Tanamea, 1000 m a.s.l., 5.VIII. 1992, G. Governatori leg., Fagus sylvatica wood (MFNB); 3 3 6 Ƥ, id., Pian di Tapou, 900 m a.s.l., 7.XI. 1992, G. Governatori & C. Luppi leg., Fagus sylvatica wood (MFNB); 1 3, id., 4.IX– 5.X. 2006, G. Colombetta leg., pitfall traps in Fagus sylvatica wood (MFNB); 2 Ƥ, id., 21.VI– 13.VII. 2007 (MFNB); 3 Ƥ, id., Torrente Vedronza, 330 m a.s.l., 5.VIII. 1992, G. Governatori leg., mixed wood (MFNB); 1 Ƥ 1 T, Moggio Udinese, Stavoli Cuel Lung Alto, slope of Monte Zovet, 700 m a.s.l., 19.VI– 16.VII. 2001, A. Dall’Asta leg., pitfall traps in Fagus sylvatica wood (MFNB); 1 3 4 Ƥ 2 T, id., 16.VII– 20.VIII. 2001, G. Governatori leg., pitfall traps in Fagus sylvatica wood (MFNB); 1 3, id., 20.VIII. 26.IX. 2001, G. Governatori leg., pitfall traps in Fagus sylvatica wood (MFNB); 1 D, id., 30.X. 2001, G. Governatori leg., Fagus sylvatica wood (MFNB); 1 3, id., Stavoli Tugliezzo, Rio Lavarie, 470 m a.s.l., 19.VI– 16.VII. 2001, A. Dall’Asta leg., pitfall traps in Fagus sylvatica wood (MFNB); 6 3 7 Ƥ 10 T 22 D, id., 26.IX– 30.X. 2001, G. Governatori & A. Dall’Asta leg., cone traps in Fagus sylvatica wood (together with 2 3 1 Ƥ of C. boldorii) (MFNB); 1 Ƥ, Musi, 14.XI. 1980, M. Seriani leg., moss; 2 3, Muzzana, 15.X. 1982, M. Seriani leg., Querco-Carpinetum; 2 Ƥ (C. austriacus, G. Callaini det.), Pradis, 10.IV. 1983, M. Seriani leg. (MSNV); 1 3 2 Ƥ, Prestento, Torreano, 190 m a.s.l., 6.IV– 10.VII. 1993, F. Gasparo leg., traps in Carpinus betulus wood; 3 Ƥ, Ragogna, San Giorgio, 150 m a.s.l., 2.XI. 2003, D. Bianco leg. (EPV); 3 Ƥ, Resia, near Uccea, 780 m a.s.l., 1.VI. 1986, C. Torti & S. Zoia leg., Fagus sylvatica wood; 2 Ƥ, id., Val Uccea, near Casera Malicuc, 760 m a.s.l., 20.VII– 20.VIII. 2001, G. Governatori leg., pitfall traps in Fagus sylvatica wood (MFNB); 1 3 2 Ƥ, id., Val Uccea, near Torrente Uccea, 650 m a.s.l. ca, 17.IV– 6.VI. 2006, G. Colombetta & L. Dorigo leg., pitfall traps (MFNB); 1 3, id., 12.VII– 14.VIII. 2007 (MFNB); 1 3, id., 14.VIII– 16.X. 2007, P. Glerean & L. Dorigo leg. (MFNB); 1 D, Rivignano, Risorgive Zarnicco, 13 m a.s.l., 31.III. 2001, A. Zanetti, A. Tagliapietra, G. Tomasin & G. Governatori leg., riparian wood, base of Alnus glutinosa (MFNB); 1 T 1 D, id., 19.VI. 2001, G. Colombetta leg., pitfall traps in riparian wood (MFNB); 1 D, id., 16.X. 2001 (MFNB); 2 3, Sezza, Zuglio, 670 m a.s.l., 20.II– 3.VIII. 1992, F. Gasparo leg., traps; 1 3 1 Ƥ, Taipana, Monteaperta, southern slope of Gran Monte, 700 m a.s.l. ca, 10.IX– 10.X. 1994, G. Governatori leg., secondary lawn (MFNB); 1 3, Tolmezzo, Caneva, 360 m a.s.l., 10.VI. 1993, F. Gasparo leg., mixed wood; 1 3, Trasaghis, 250 m a.s.l., 5.V. 1992, F. Gasparo leg. (together with 1 3 2 Ƥ of C. boldorii); 2 3 3 Ƥ 7 T 4 D, Trasaghis, Peonis, 180 m a.s.l., 29.VIII– 13.XI. 1991, F. Gasparo leg., Ostrya carpinifolia; 14 3 15 Ƥ 2 T, Venzone, Pioverno, 250 m a.s.l., 11.II– 14.VII. 1992, F. Gasparo leg., traps in Ostrya carpinifolia wood (together with 1 3 2 ƤƤ of C. boldorii); 1 T, id., Monte Plauris group, near Casera Ungarina, 1325 m a.s.l., 2.VIII– 1.IX. 2006, G. Colombetta & L. Dorigo leg., pitfall traps in Fagus sylvatica wood (MFNB); 1 Ƥ, id., Monte Plauris group, near Malga Confin, 1315 m a.s.l. ca, 19.VI– 25.VII. 2007, G. Colombetta & L. Dorigo leg., pitfall traps in Fagus sylvatica wood (MFNB); 3 3 1 T, id., Valle Venzonassa, Borgo Prabunello, 765 m a.s.l., 20.VI– 2.VIII. 2006, G. Colombetta & L. Dorigo leg. (MFNB); 1 3 1 T, id., 2.VIII– 1.IX. 2006, wood (MFNB); 1 Ƥ, id., 1.IX– 30.IX. 2006 (MFNB); 1 3 2 Ƥ, id., 30.IV– 19.VI. 2007, pitfall traps in Ostryo-Fagetum (MFNB); 1 3 1 Ƥ, id., 19.VI– 25.VII. 2007 (MFNB); 2 T, id., 30.IX– 1.XI. 2007, G. Colombetta leg., pitfall traps in Ostryo-Fagetum (MFNB); 1 3 1 Ƥ 1 T, id., Val Venzonassa, near Casera Frassin near Rio Bruschie, 630 m a.s.l. ca, 25.VII– 6.IX. 2007, P. Glerean & L. Dorigo leg., pitfall traps in Fagus sylvatica wood (MFNB); 1 T, id., 6.IX– 9.X. 2007, G. Colombetta leg., pitfall traps in Fagus sylvatica wood (MFNB); 1 Ƥ, Verzegnis, Pozzis, 31.X. 1982, M. Seriani leg.; 1 3, Villa Santina, 400 m a.s.l., 11.II– 29.IV. 1994, F. Gasparo leg., Carpinus betulus wood; 2 Ƥ, id., 29.IV– 5.VII. 1994, F. Gasparo leg., traps in Carpinus betulus wood; 1 3 1 Ƥ, id., 30.IV. 1991, F. Gasparo leg., Carpinus; 1 Ƥ, Villa Santina, near Avaglio, 420 m a.s.l., 14.VII. 1993, M. Bodon leg. Veneto: Belluno Prov.—2 3 2 T, near Piano del Cansiglio, 1000 m a.s.l., 4.X. 1985, S. Zoia leg., Fagus sylvatica wood; 1 3 (C. austriacus, G. Callaini det.), Agordo, [no date], S. Ruffo leg. (MSNV); 1 Ƥ (C. austriacus, G. Lazzeroni det.), id., 4.V. 1967, Riggio & R. Gioco leg. (MSNV); 3 3 3 Ƥ, id., La Muda, 550 m a.s.l., 2.VII. 1985, G. Gardini & R. Rizzerio leg.; 1 3, Sovramonte, small valley near Grotta Faller 3189 V/BL, 650 m a.s.l., 4.VI. 2006, D. Bianco & E. Piva leg. (EPV). Ve n e to: Treviso Prov.—1 Ƥ, Cansiglio, 6.VI. 1974, A. Minelli leg.; 1 3, Passo Sant’Ubaldo, northern slope, 16.VI. 1973, A. Minelli leg.; 1 3, Cison di Valmarino, 3.VII. 1975, A. Minelli leg.; 1 Ƥ 1 T, Crespano del Grappa, Beata Vergine del Covolo, 400 m a.s.l., 11.I. 1998, A. Zanetti leg.; 1 3, Fadalto, 2.VIII. 1972, A. Minelli leg.; 1 Ƥ, id., 8.X. 1972; 1 3 3 Ƥ, id., 12.X. 1972; 2 Ƥ, id., Sella di Fadalto, 500 m a.s.l., 3.VIII. 1991, F. Gasparo leg., Ostrya carpinifolia; 2 3 1 Ƥ, Miane, Combai, 450 m a.s.l., 8.IV. 1972, A. Minelli leg.; 1 3, Susegana, Castello San Salvatore, Ricovero difensivo 74 V /TV, 150 m a.s.l., 8.VI. 2002, Forte & S. Vanin leg. (SVP); 1 Ƥ, Vittorio Veneto, Monte Pizzoc, 1200 m a.s.l., 18.V. 1972, A. Minelli leg. Veneto: Vicenza Prov.—1 Ƥ, Arcugnano, Lago di Fimon, 31.VIII. 1987, R. Rizzerio & G. Gardini leg.; 1 3, Asiago, Cima Fonte, 400 m a.s.l., 14.VI. 1992, L. Latella leg.; 1 3, id., Cima Echar, 1200 m a.s.l., 23.IX. 1999, R. Monguzzi leg. (RMM); 1 Ƥ, Cornedo Vicentino, Cereda, small valley near Grotta del Cameron, 350 m a.s.l., 14.IX. 2005, D. Bianco leg. (EPV); 1 3, Enego, between Enego and Primolano, 500 m a.s.l., 8.VIII. 1991, F. Gasparo leg.; 1 Ƥ, Valdagno, Passo Zovo, Grotta Sette Fé, 630 m a.s.l., 4.V. 2003, D. Bianco leg. (EPV); 1 Ƥ, Zovencedo, 8.III. 1982, M. Seriani leg. Veneto: Verona Prov.—1 3 1 T, Bussolengo, Parco Natura Viva, 14.VI. 2002, Marzotto & S. Vanin leg. (SVP); 1 3 (C. austriacus, G. Lazzeroni det.), Giazza, Tregnago, 8.V. 1968, G. Lazzeroni leg. (MSNV); 1 Ƥ, Monteforte d’Alpone, Sant’Ilario, 8.III. 1982, M. Seriani leg.; 4 3 (C. austriacus, G. Lazzeroni det.), Monti Lessini, Rifugio Rivolto, 9.VII. 1968, G. Lazzeroni & A. Montolli leg. (MSNV); 1 3 (C. austriacus, G. Lazzeroni det.), Velo Veronese, 8.V. 1968, G. Lazzeroni & A. Montolli leg. (MSNV).
Description
Description of adults (Ƥ). Integument pigmented, carapace, tergites, chelicerae and pedipalps brown; pedipalpal hand mostly darker than chelal fingers; hispid granulation on lateral surface of carapace and on cheliceral palm. Carapace 0.9–1.1 times longer than broad, subquadrate; anterior margin (figs 68–69) strongly dentate between median macrosetae, sometimes weakly prominent, without epistome; ocular area as in fig. 70, four well-developed eyes: anterior pair with convex lens (diameter 0.048–0.058 mm) and tapetum; posterior eyes with flat lens or reduced to ocular spot; distance from anterior eyes to anterior margin of carapace 0.034–0.054 mm; chaetotaxy mm 4mm: 6: 4: 2: 2 (18), macrosetae thick; length of anteromedian macrosetae 0.08–0.15 mm. Chaetotaxy of tergites I–X 4: 4: 4: 6: 6: 6: 6: 6: 4. Chaetotaxy of sternites II–X 9–12:(3) 9–11 (3):(2) 7 (2): 8: 6: 6: 6: 6: 7; sternite IV rarely with (2) 8 (2) setae, sternite V rarely with 7 or 9 setae; genital opening of males mostly flanked by 7–8 (rarely 9 or 11) setae on each side. Chelicerae (figs 71–72) 2.1–2.2 times as long as broad, palm with 6 setae and 2 microsetae laterally; fixed finger with 6–9 subequal teeth and 5–9 proximal microtubercles; movable finger with a large isolated subapical tooth (di), at level with the spinneret, 4 (rarely 5) teeth proximally reduced in size and 4–5 proximal microtubercles; gl ratio 0.56–0.62; spinneret large and prominent, apically rounded, slightly smaller in males; rallum with 11 blades; serrulae interior and exterior respectively with 12 and 14 blades. Coxal setae: pedipalp 5 (including 2 on manducatory process), I 3 + 3 marginal microsetae, II 4, III 5, IV 6; coxa II with 7–11 (rarely 12–13) coxal spines, coxa III with 3–5 (rarely 2, 6 or 7) coxal spines; intercoxal tubercle bisetose. Pedipalp: femur 6.5 –7.0 (3), 6.3–6.7 (Ƥ) times as long as broad, ventrobasally with weakly hispid granulation; chela (figs 73–75) 5.4–5.8 (3), 4.4 –5.0 (Ƥ) times as long as deep; hand of chela 2.4–2.5 (3), 2.05–2.3 (Ƥ) times as long as deep, weakly depressed at level of ib-isb, without hump distad of ib-isb; fixed chelal finger mostly with 11–12 (rarely 9, 10 or 13) large triangular teeth, with dental canals, slightly reclined; the first distal triangular tooth sometimes very small; the first two proximal teeth mostly brought close together and prominent, the first one mostly apically rounded, sometimes rudimentary but always with dental canal; base of fixed finger with a variable number of microtubercles or without microtubercles; tip of fixed finger with a modified accessory tooth (td) on antiaxial face; fixed chelal finger at level of est-it with 3–4 teeth occupying 0.1 mm (distance between successive apices 0.043–0.050 mm); distal half of movable finger with 6–7 (rarely 5) upright, large, triangular teeth with dental canals; first proximal tooth of movable finger at middle or slightly distad of middle finger (ratio 0.50–0.55); proximal half of movable finger with straight, thick marginal lamina; coupled sensilla pc mostly between b and sb, rarely nearer sb; trichobothria as in figs 74–75, eb-esb-ist mostly in a straight line; basal apodeme of movable finger strongly sclerotized, rectangular, slightly bent and apically truncated; ratio of movable finger/hand of chela 1.2 (3), 1.1 (Ƥ); ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 1.3–1.4 (3 Ƥ); ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.3– 1.7 (3 Ƥ).
Measurements (in mm). Body length 1.5 –2.0 (3), 1.9–2.4 (Ƥ).Carapace 0.40–0.51 × 0.40–0.50 (0.42–0.49 anteriorly) (3), 0.48–0.61 × 0.48–0.58 (0.44–0.54 anteriorly) (Ƥ). Chelicerae 0.40–0.43 × 0.18–0.20 (3), 0.45– 0.51 × 0.21–0.24 (Ƥ), movable finger length 0.20–0.22 (3), 0.23–0.26 (Ƥ). Pedipalp: femur 0.71–0.80 × 0.11–0.12 (3), 0.82–0.88 × 0.125–0.14 (Ƥ); chela 1.0– 1.12 × 0.18–0.19 (3), 1.13–1.25 × 0.23–0.265 (Ƥ); hand length 0.43– 0.48 (3), 0.51–0.58 (Ƥ); movable finger length 0.52–0.58 (3), 0.58–0.63 (Ƥ).
Description of tritonymph. Integument with weak pigmentation, hispid granulation less marked than in adults. Carapace 1.1 times longer than broad, without epistome; eyes as in adults; chaetotaxy m 4m: 6: 4: 2: 2 (18); length of anteromedian macrosetae 0.08 mm. Chaetotaxy of tergites as in adults. Chaetotaxy of sternites II–X 5:(2) 8 (2):(1) 6 (1): 7: 6: 6: 6: 6: 7. Chelicerae 2.2 times as long as broad, palm with 5 setae and 1 lateral microseta; fixed finger with 6 teeth, movable finger with an isolated subapical tooth (di) and 3–4 teeth; gl ratio 0.56. Coxal setae: pedipalp 5 (including 2 on manducatory process), I 3 + 2 marginal microsetae, II 4, III 5, IV 5; coxa II with 6–7 coxal spines, coxa III with 3 coxal spines; intercoxal tubercle bisetose. Pedipalp: femur 5.7 times as long as broad; chela 5.6–5.8 times as long as deep; hand of chela 2.5 times as long as deep; fixed chelal finger with 10 teeth; tip of fixed finger with a modified accessory tooth (td) on antiaxial face; distal half of movable finger with 7 teeth, proximal half of movable finger with straight, thick marginal lamina; coupled sensilla pc distad of b; ratio of movable finger/hand of chela 1.2; ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 1.3; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.3. Measurements (in mm). Body length 1.3. Carapace 0.40 × 0.36 (0.31 anteriorly). Chelicerae 0.31 × 0.135, movable finger length 0.16. Pedipalp: femur 0.52 × 0.09; chela 0.71–0.73 × 0.125; hand length 0.32; movable finger length 0.38–0.39.
Discussion
Remarks. Among the species of the Chthonius fuscimanus group, C. fuscimanus is related to the epigean C. boldorii, from which it differs solely by the presence of the isolated subapical tooth (di) on the cheliceral movable finger (Muster et al., 2004: see Remarks under C. boldorii). Italian populations of C. fuscimanus show morphological features and dimensional ranges in agreement with those reported in Gardini (1980 c) and Muster et al. (2004), apart from the lower length of pedipalpal femur: 0.54– 0.68 (3) 0.60–0.78 (Ƥ) according to the latter authors. C. fuscimanus is distributed in Italy continuously from the Dolomites and Venetian pre-Alps in the West (East of Lake Garda, as also stated by Muster et al., 2004) to the Julian Alps and pre-Alps in the East, with scattered occurrences in the plane of Friuli. Beier (1963 b) recorded C. boldorii (1 3 2 Ƥ) from Ponte Strambo near Bedonia (Emilia) and Muster et al. (2004, p. 311, fig. 20) refer to C. fuscimanus a “juv.” from Bedonia; the presence of both species in the Northern Apennines needs to be confirmed, as do and many other Italian records of C. fuscimanus reported by Gardini (2000).
Taxon Treatment
- Gardini, Giulio; 2013: A revision of the species of the pseudoscorpion subgenus Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from Italy and neighbouring areas, Zootaxa 3655: 40-45. doi
This treatment was originally uploaded by Plazi, compare this treatment on Plazi. Unless this treatment has been substantially changed on Species-ID, Plazi requests to maintain a link back to the original repository.
