Difference between revisions of "Makdiops"
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{{Treatment start | {{Treatment start | ||
| − | | Ordo = | + | | Ordo = Araneae |
| − | | Familia = | + | | Familia = Selenopidae |
| Genus = Makdiops | | Genus = Makdiops | ||
| Specific name = | | Specific name = | ||
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| Taxon authority = Crews & Harvey, 2011 | | Taxon authority = Crews & Harvey, 2011 | ||
| Taxon status = gen. n. | | Taxon status = gen. n. | ||
| − | | Nomenclature citation = {{Nomenclature citation |{{Taxon name|Selenops montigena}} Simon 1889b<ref name="B43">{{aut|Simon E}} (1889b) Arachnides de l’Himalaya, recuellis par MM. Oldham et Wood-Mason, et faisant partie des collections de l’Indian Museum. Première partie. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 58:334-344.</ref >: 335. Gravely 1931<ref name="B19">{{aut|Gravely F}} (1931) Some Indian spiders of the families Ctenidae, Sparassidae, Selenopidae and Clubionidae. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta 33:211-282.</ref >: Fig. 15D.}} {{Nomenclature citation |{{Taxon name|Selenops agumbensis}} Tikader 1969<ref name="B48">{{aut|Tikader B}} (1969) Studies of some rare spiders of the families Selenopidae and Platoridae from India. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Science 70:255-264.</ref >: 252, figs 1–3.}} {{Nomenclature citation |{{Taxon name|Selenops nilgirensis}} Reimoser 1934<ref name="B39">{{aut|Reimoser E}} (1934) Araneae aus Süd-Indien. Revue Suisse Zoologie 41:465-511.</ref >: 486, Fig. 10.}} | + | | Nomenclature citation = {{Nomenclature citation |''{{Taxon name|Selenops montigena}}'' Simon 1889b<ref name="B43">{{aut|Simon E}} (1889b) Arachnides de l’Himalaya, recuellis par MM. Oldham et Wood-Mason, et faisant partie des collections de l’Indian Museum. Première partie. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 58:334-344.</ref >: 335. Gravely 1931<ref name="B19">{{aut|Gravely F}} (1931) Some Indian spiders of the families Ctenidae, Sparassidae, Selenopidae and Clubionidae. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta 33:211-282.</ref >: Fig. 15D.}} {{Nomenclature citation |''{{Taxon name|Selenops agumbensis}}'' Tikader 1969<ref name="B48">{{aut|Tikader B}} (1969) Studies of some rare spiders of the families Selenopidae and Platoridae from India. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Science 70:255-264.</ref >: 252, figs 1–3.}} {{Nomenclature citation |''{{Taxon name|Selenops nilgirensis}}'' Reimoser 1934<ref name="B39">{{aut|Reimoser E}} (1934) Araneae aus Süd-Indien. Revue Suisse Zoologie 41:465-511.</ref >: 486, Fig. 10.}} |
| Wikispecies page name = Makdiops | | Wikispecies page name = Makdiops | ||
| ZooBank ID = urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:173E8950-B09A-45E4-8463-5688C6C26438 | | ZooBank ID = urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:173E8950-B09A-45E4-8463-5688C6C26438 | ||
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==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
| − | ''{{Taxon name|Makdiops}}'' gen. n.can be separated from all other genera by a combination of characters. The ventral spination of the tibiae and metatarsi is 4–3, 3–3, or 3–2, there are no tarsal scopulae, and the genus is only found from India and Nepal. | + | ''{{Taxon name|Makdiops}}'' gen. n. can be separated from all other genera by a combination of characters. The ventral spination of the tibiae and metatarsi is 4–3, 3–3, or 3–2, there are no tarsal scopulae, and the genus is only found from India and Nepal. |
==Remarks== | ==Remarks== | ||
Here we describe two new species, move three species from ''{{Taxon name|Selenops}}'' to ''{{Taxon name|Makdiops}}'' gen. n. (''{{Taxon name|Makdiops montigenus}}'' comb. n., ''{{Taxon name|Makdiops agumbensis}}'' comb. n., ''{{Taxon name|Makdiops nilgirensis}}'' comb. n.), redescribe ''{{Taxon name|Makdiops montigenus}}'' comb. n., including the first description of the male.<br /> | Here we describe two new species, move three species from ''{{Taxon name|Selenops}}'' to ''{{Taxon name|Makdiops}}'' gen. n. (''{{Taxon name|Makdiops montigenus}}'' comb. n., ''{{Taxon name|Makdiops agumbensis}}'' comb. n., ''{{Taxon name|Makdiops nilgirensis}}'' comb. n.), redescribe ''{{Taxon name|Makdiops montigenus}}'' comb. n., including the first description of the male.<br /> | ||
| − | It appears that at least two genera, ''{{Taxon name|Makdiops}}'' gen. n.and ''{{Taxon name|Selenops}}'', occur throughout the Indo-Asian region (Map 1, Map 3). The species of ''{{Taxon name|Selenops}}'' include ''{{Taxon name|Selenops radiatus}}'', the most widespread selenopid species, ''{{Taxon name|Selenops sumitrae}}'' Patel & Patel, 1973, and ''{{Taxon name|Selenops shevaroyensis}}'' Gravely, 1931. We were unable to examine specimens of the latter two species, however the published descriptions and illustrations of ''{{Taxon name|Selenops sumitrae}}'' (Patel & Patel 1973) make it difficult to differentiate from ''{{Taxon name|Selenops radiatus}}'', and if it is not a synonym, they are certainly very closely related. The description and illustration of ''{{Taxon name|Selenops shevaroyensis}}'' are inadequate (Gravely 1931<ref name="B19">{{aut|Gravely F}} (1931) Some Indian spiders of the families Ctenidae, Sparassidae, Selenopidae and Clubionidae. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta 33:211-282.</ref >) and the type is not available. At this time, we will make no taxonomic changes to this species, pending the collection of new material.<br /> | + | It appears that at least two genera, ''{{Taxon name|Makdiops}}'' gen. n. and ''{{Taxon name|Selenops}}'', occur throughout the Indo-Asian region (Map 1, Map 3). The species of ''{{Taxon name|Selenops}}'' include ''{{Taxon name|Selenops radiatus}}'', the most widespread selenopid species, ''{{Taxon name|Selenops sumitrae}}'' Patel & Patel, 1973, and ''{{Taxon name|Selenops shevaroyensis}}'' Gravely, 1931. We were unable to examine specimens of the latter two species, however the published descriptions and illustrations of ''{{Taxon name|Selenops sumitrae}}'' (Patel & Patel 1973) make it difficult to differentiate from ''{{Taxon name|Selenops radiatus}}'', and if it is not a synonym, they are certainly very closely related. The description and illustration of ''{{Taxon name|Selenops shevaroyensis}}'' are inadequate (Gravely 1931<ref name="B19">{{aut|Gravely F}} (1931) Some Indian spiders of the families Ctenidae, Sparassidae, Selenopidae and Clubionidae. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta 33:211-282.</ref >) and the type is not available. At this time, we will make no taxonomic changes to this species, pending the collection of new material.<br /> |
It is likely that several more species from this region will be found with further exploration, and it is of note that the male of only one species of ''{{Taxon name|Makdiops}}'' gen. n. is known. Most of these are known from only a single specimen, and in cases where they are not, there seems to be a lot of variation. While it is possible that these species may represent more than one genus, at this time, we will group them together based on their geographic locations, genitalic similarities, and lack of tarsal scopulae. | It is likely that several more species from this region will be found with further exploration, and it is of note that the male of only one species of ''{{Taxon name|Makdiops}}'' gen. n. is known. Most of these are known from only a single specimen, and in cases where they are not, there seems to be a lot of variation. While it is possible that these species may represent more than one genus, at this time, we will group them together based on their geographic locations, genitalic similarities, and lack of tarsal scopulae. | ||
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==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | ''{{Taxon name|Makdiops}}'' gen. n.occurs throughout India and Nepal (Map 3). It has been found at a higher elevation than any other selenopid species, at over 2500 m. It is likely to be found in other countries throughout the region (Map 3). | + | ''{{Taxon name|Makdiops}}'' gen. n. occurs throughout India and Nepal (Map 3). It has been found at a higher elevation than any other selenopid species, at over 2500 m. It is likely to be found in other countries throughout the region (Map 3). |
==Composition== | ==Composition== | ||
| Line 81: | Line 81: | ||
{{Lead | – | Epigynal pockets reaching margin covering copulatory openings (Fig. 89) | {{Lead | – | Epigynal pockets reaching margin covering copulatory openings (Fig. 89) | ||
| result text = ''{{Taxon name|Makdiops shiva}}'' sp. n.}} | | result text = ''{{Taxon name|Makdiops shiva}}'' sp. n.}} | ||
| − | {{Lead | 3(1) | Very large posterodorsal fold covering internal ducts and spermathecae (Fig. | + | {{Lead | 3(1) | Very large posterodorsal fold covering internal ducts and spermathecae (Fig. 88) |
| result text = ''{{Taxon name|Makdiops nilgirensis}}''}} | | result text = ''{{Taxon name|Makdiops nilgirensis}}''}} | ||
{{Lead | – | Posterodorsal fold absent | {{Lead | – | Posterodorsal fold absent | ||
| Line 87: | Line 87: | ||
{{Lead | 4(3) | Internal ducts asymmetrical, convoluted, twisting numerous times (Fig. 82); male with a single bifid RTA, small hook-shaped MA, and large T-shaped conductor terminating at 3 o’clock (Figs 83–84) | {{Lead | 4(3) | Internal ducts asymmetrical, convoluted, twisting numerous times (Fig. 82); male with a single bifid RTA, small hook-shaped MA, and large T-shaped conductor terminating at 3 o’clock (Figs 83–84) | ||
| result text = ''{{Taxon name|Makdiops montigenus}}''}} | | result text = ''{{Taxon name|Makdiops montigenus}}''}} | ||
| − | {{Lead | – | Internal ducts only twisted 3 or so times, internal ducts symmetrical (Fig. | + | {{Lead | – | Internal ducts only twisted 3 or so times, internal ducts symmetrical (Fig. 86) |
| result text = ''{{Taxon name|Makdiops mahishasura}}'' sp. n}} | | result text = ''{{Taxon name|Makdiops mahishasura}}'' sp. n}} | ||
{{Key End}} | {{Key End}} | ||
Latest revision as of 15:22, 19 May 2011
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Ordo: Araneae
Familia: Selenopidae
Name
Makdiops Crews & Harvey, 2011 gen. n. – Wikispecies link – ZooBank link – Pensoft Profile
- Selenops montigena Simon 1889b[1]: 335. Gravely 1931[2]: Fig. 15D.
- Selenops agumbensis Tikader 1969[3]: 252, figs 1–3.
- Selenops nilgirensis Reimoser 1934[4]: 486, Fig. 10.
Type species:
Selenops montigenus Simon, 1889.
Etymology
Makdiops comes from a combination of words and is from the indigenous language of the region in which this genus is found. Hindi: मकड़ी = makdi (romanization) =spider; Greek: ops = face, eye. We retain the traditional ending of selenopid genera of ops, which originally referred to the eye arrangement. The gender is masculine.
Diagnosis
Makdiops gen. n. can be separated from all other genera by a combination of characters. The ventral spination of the tibiae and metatarsi is 4–3, 3–3, or 3–2, there are no tarsal scopulae, and the genus is only found from India and Nepal.
Remarks
Here we describe two new species, move three species from Selenops to Makdiops gen. n. (Makdiops montigenus comb. n., Makdiops agumbensis comb. n., Makdiops nilgirensis comb. n.), redescribe Makdiops montigenus comb. n., including the first description of the male.
It appears that at least two genera, Makdiops gen. n. and Selenops, occur throughout the Indo-Asian region (Map 1, Map 3). The species of Selenops include Selenops radiatus, the most widespread selenopid species, Selenops sumitrae Patel & Patel, 1973, and Selenops shevaroyensis Gravely, 1931. We were unable to examine specimens of the latter two species, however the published descriptions and illustrations of Selenops sumitrae (Patel & Patel 1973) make it difficult to differentiate from Selenops radiatus, and if it is not a synonym, they are certainly very closely related. The description and illustration of Selenops shevaroyensis are inadequate (Gravely 1931[2]) and the type is not available. At this time, we will make no taxonomic changes to this species, pending the collection of new material.
It is likely that several more species from this region will be found with further exploration, and it is of note that the male of only one species of Makdiops gen. n. is known. Most of these are known from only a single specimen, and in cases where they are not, there seems to be a lot of variation. While it is possible that these species may represent more than one genus, at this time, we will group them together based on their geographic locations, genitalic similarities, and lack of tarsal scopulae.
Description
Total length 6.70–9.70. Cephalothorax: Carapace with some dark spots or dusky markings, wider than long. Fovea longitudinal, short, broad, and shallow. Setae variable, ranging from short and spine-like, to long and thin; some are of medium length and thickness. AER straight, PER slightly recurved to recurved. PME larger than AME. Chelicerae slightly geniculate, robust, with 3 prolateral and 2 retrolateral teeth. Legs: Leg II or III longest, with III usually longer than IV. Tibial and metatarsal ventral spination variable, either 4–3, 3–3, or 3–2. Tarsal scopulae absent. Female copulatory organs: Epigynum with lateral lobes, a well-defined median area, and with or without epigynal pockets. Spermathecae range from being simple and not coiled, to some coiling, to extremely coiled and asymmetrical. Posterodorsal fold present or not. Male copulatory organs: The male of only one species is known. Palpal tibia with 1 tibial bifid apophysis. Dorsal portion longer, thin and slightly curved; ventral portion shorter and flattened; MA small, simple and single-branched; Conductor large, T-shaped, pointed retrolaterally.
Distribution
Makdiops gen. n. occurs throughout India and Nepal (Map 3). It has been found at a higher elevation than any other selenopid species, at over 2500 m. It is likely to be found in other countries throughout the region (Map 3).
Composition
The genus contains five species: Makdiops montigenus (Simon, 1889)comb. n., Makdiops agumbensis (Tikader, 1969)comb. n., Makdiops nilgirensis (Reimoser, 1934)comb. n., Makdiops shiva sp. n. and Makdiops mahishasura sp. n.
Key to Makdiops species
Original Description
- Crews, S; Harvey, M; 2011: The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region ZooKeys, 99: 1-104. doi
Other References
- ↑ Simon E (1889b) Arachnides de l’Himalaya, recuellis par MM. Oldham et Wood-Mason, et faisant partie des collections de l’Indian Museum. Première partie. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 58:334-344.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Gravely F (1931) Some Indian spiders of the families Ctenidae, Sparassidae, Selenopidae and Clubionidae. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta 33:211-282.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Tikader B (1969) Studies of some rare spiders of the families Selenopidae and Platoridae from India. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Science 70:255-264.
- ↑ Reimoser E (1934) Araneae aus Süd-Indien. Revue Suisse Zoologie 41:465-511.
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