Difference between revisions of "Pachybrachis bivittatus"
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{{Publication to wiki notice | {{Publication to wiki notice | ||
− | | author = | + | | author = Barney, Robert J. AND LeSage, Laurent AND Savard, Karine |
− | | author_abbreviated = | + | | author_abbreviated = Barney R AND LeSage L AND Savard K |
− | | year = | + | | year = 2013 |
− | | title = | + | | title = ''Pachybrachis'' (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae) of Eastern Canada |
| journal = ZooKeys | | journal = ZooKeys | ||
− | | volume = | + | | volume = 332 |
− | | pages = | + | | pages = 95--175 |
− | | doi = 10.3897/zookeys. | + | | doi = 10.3897/zookeys.332.4753 |
− | | citationurl = http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/ | + | | citationurl = http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/4753/citation/ |
− | | url = http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/ | + | | url = http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/4753/abstract |
| publisher = Pensoft Publishers | | publisher = Pensoft Publishers | ||
| publisherurl = http://www.pensoft.net/ | | publisherurl = http://www.pensoft.net/ | ||
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| Infraspecific name = | | Infraspecific name = | ||
| Taxon rank = | | Taxon rank = | ||
− | | Taxon authority = (Say, 1824) | + | | Taxon authority = (Say, 1824) |
| Taxon status = | | Taxon status = | ||
+ | | Nomenclature citation = {{Nomenclature citation |''{{Taxon name|Cryptocephalus bivittatus}}'' Say, 1824: 440.}} {{Nomenclature citation |''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachys albescens}}'' Suffrian, 1858: 404.}} | ||
| Wikispecies page name = Pachybrachis_bivittatus | | Wikispecies page name = Pachybrachis_bivittatus | ||
| Pensoft Profile = Pachybrachis_bivittatus | | Pensoft Profile = Pachybrachis_bivittatus | ||
}} | }} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Recognition== | ||
+ | Body very large, primarily yellow (Habitus 2); prothorax suffused with rufous; elytral punctation confused, with somewhat apparent rows on disc; elytral color pattern bivittate, with outer vitta rarely entire (Figure 7e); pygidium yellow (Figure 8a); male size large: length 3.12 ± 0.16 mm, width 1.64 ± 0.05 mm. These characters allow identification of even singleton females. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Distribution== | ||
+ | ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis bivittatus}}'' is a transcontinental species found across Canada and the United States (LeSage 1991<ref name="B130">{{aut|LeSage L}} (1991) Family Chrysomelidae leaf beetles. In: Bousquet Y (Ed) Checklist of beetles of Canada and Alaska. Research Branch, Agriculutre Canada. Publication 1861/E., Ottawa, 301–323.</ref >; Riley et al. 2003<ref name="B167">{{aut|Riley E}}, {{aut|Clark S}}, {{aut|Seeno T}} (2003) Catalog of the leaf beetles of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae and Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society, Special Publication no. 1, 290 pp.</ref >). In Ontario, it is most common in the southernmost counties. In Québec, it occurs in the Ottawa Valley and in the St. Lawrence Lowlands. The Saguenay Region is probably its northernmost limit (Map 2). | ||
==Material examined== | ==Material examined== | ||
− | + | ONTARIO: Carleton Co., Constance Bay, 26.VI.1995, B. F. & J. L. Carr <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♀, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Elgin Co., New Sarum, 16.VI.1956, W. J. Brown <nowiki>[</nowiki>5♂ 5♀, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Essex Co., Amherstburg, 6.VI.1936, G. M. Stirrett <nowiki>[</nowiki>2♀, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Belle River, 26.V.1946, S. D. Hicks <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♂, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Kingsville, 23.V.1962, Kelyone & Thorpe <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♀, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; same data, except 19.VI.1954, G. B. Wiggins <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♀, ROM<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Pelee Island, 24–27.VI.1935, R. C. Osburn <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♂ 1♀, OSUC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; same data, except 4.VII.1940, W. J. Brown <nowiki>[</nowiki>2♀, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Point Pelee, 29.VI.1931, W. J. Brown <nowiki>[</nowiki>4♂ 7♀, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; same data, except 1.VI.1933, G. M. Stirrett <nowiki>[</nowiki>3♂, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; same data, except 29.V.1955, S. D. Hicks <nowiki>[</nowiki>3♂ 4♀, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; same data, except 28.VI.1961, Kelton & Brumpton <nowiki>[</nowiki>2♂ 1♀, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Haldimand Co., Dunnville, 7.VII.1961, W. & W. Plath <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♂, USNM<nowiki>]</nowiki>; same data, except 7.VIII.1961, W. Plath <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♂, USNM<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Kent Co., Thamesville, 15.VI.1930, G. M. Stirrett <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♀, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Rondeau Park, 5.VI.1985, J. M. Campbell & A. Davies <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♀, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Lambton Co., Grand Bend, 17.VI.1956, W. J. Brown <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♂ 4♀, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Lincoln Co., Beamsville, 19.VII.1939, S. D. Hicks <nowiki>[</nowiki>3♂ 3♀, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>.<br /> | |
+ | QUÉBEC: Argenteuil Co., Carillon, 24.V.1974, E. J. Kiteley <nowiki>[</nowiki>2♂ 1♀, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Deux-Montagnes Co., La Trappe, 5.VIII.1932, J. Ouellet <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♂, CEUM<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Île-de-Montréal Co., Montréal, F. Knab <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♂, USNM<nowiki>]</nowiki>; same data, except 31.V.1941 <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♀, CEUM<nowiki>]</nowiki>; same data, except 15.VI.1961, M. Larochelle <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♂, CEUM<nowiki>]</nowiki>; same data, except 3–14.VII.1969, E. J. Kiteley <nowiki>[</nowiki>4♂ 6♀, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; same data, except 17.VI, J. Ouellet <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♀, USNM<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Nicolet Co., Bécancour, 24.VI.1967, J. L. Laliberté <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♂, IDM<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Portneuf Co., Neuville, 9.VII.1939, J. Filteau <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♂ 1♀, CEUM<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Sainte-Catherine, 17.VI.1953, J. C. Aubé <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♂ 7♀, LEM<nowiki>]</nowiki>; same data, except 8.VII.1956 <nowiki>[</nowiki>2♀, LEM<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Québec Co., Sainte-Foy, 17.VI.1933, V. Boulet <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♀, CEUM<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Cap-Rouge, 27.VI.1956, J. L. Laliberté <nowiki>[</nowiki>2♂ 2♀, IDM<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Saguenay Co., Rivière Deschênes, 22.VI.1966, A. Franeslier <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♀, CEUM<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Saint-Jean Co., Cantic, 25.VI.1983, on ''{{Taxon name|Salix amygdaloides}}'' Andersson, A. Larochelle <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♂ 3♀, CNC<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Saint- Maurice Co., Pointe-du-Lac, 3.VII.1937 <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♀, CEUM<nowiki>]</nowiki>; Vaudreuil Co., Rigaud, 12.VII.1908, J. Ouellet <nowiki>[</nowiki>1♂, CEUM<nowiki>]</nowiki>. | ||
− | == | + | ==Host plants== |
− | + | ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis bivittatus}}'' is typically associated with willows (''{{Taxon name|Salix}}'' spp., {{Taxon name|Salicaceae}}) (Fall 1915<ref name="B76">{{aut|Fall H}} (1915) A revision of the North American species of ''Pachybrachys''. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 41: 291-486.</ref >; Barney 1984<ref name="B9">{{aut|Barney R}} (1984) Records of ''Pachybrachis'' in Illinois (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Great Lakes Entomologist 17(3): 137-144.</ref >; Downie and Arnett 1996<ref name="B64">{{aut|Downie N}}, {{aut|Arnett R}} (1996) The Beetles of Northeastern North America. Volume II. Polyphaga: Series Bostriciformia through Curculionidea. The Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida, 831 pp.</ref >; Clark et al. 2004<ref name="B44">{{aut|Clark S}}, {{aut|LeDoux D}}, {{aut|Seeno T}}, {{aut|Riley E}}, {{aut|Gilbert A}}, {{aut|Sullivan J}} (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada. The Coleopterists Society, Special Publication No. 2, 476 pp.</ref > for literature review). In Canada, MacNay (1958)<ref name="B131">{{aut|MacNay C}} (1958) General-feeding and miscellaneous insects. The Canadian Insect Pest Review 36: 158-188.</ref > reported a light infestation of ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis bivittatus}}'' on the foliage of willow along the river banks north of Coaldale, in Alberta. In eastern Canada, LeSage (personal observations) observed it on Bebb’s willow (''{{Taxon name|Salix bebbiana}}'' Sarg.), sand-bar willow (''{{Taxon name|Salix interior}}'' Rowlee), and stalked willow (''{{Taxon name|Salix petiolaris}}'' J.E. Smith). Larochelle (see above) collected it on the peach-leaved willow (''{{Taxon name|Salix amygdaloides}}'' Andersson). The larvae feed in the litter, on willow leaves, but only when they are decayed (LeSage 1985<ref name="B129">{{aut|LeSage L}} (1985) The eggs and larvae of ''Pachybrachis peccans'' and ''P. bivittatus'', with a key to the known immature stages of the nearctic genera of Cryptocephalinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Canadian Entomologist 117: 203-220. doi: [http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/Ent117203-2 10.4039/Ent117203-2]</ref >). | |
− | == | + | ==Comments== |
− | + | With its large size, bivittate elytra, and close association with willows, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis bivittatus}}'' is one of the easiest species to identify. | |
==Taxon Treatment== | ==Taxon Treatment== | ||
− | *{{aut| | + | *{{aut|Barney, R}}; {{aut|LeSage, L}}; {{aut|Savard, K}}; 2013: ''Pachybrachis'' (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae) of Eastern Canada [http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/ ''ZooKeys'',] '''332''': 95-175. {{doi|10.3897/zookeys.332.4753}} |
==Other References== | ==Other References== | ||
Line 48: | Line 56: | ||
==Images== | ==Images== | ||
{{Gallery | lines=5 | width=250 | {{Gallery | lines=5 | width=250 | ||
− | |1= File:ZooKeys- | + | |1= File:ZooKeys-332-095-g006.jpg|2= '''Figure 6.''' Pronotum: '''a''' reddish, with close-up of marginal bead, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis bivittatus}}'' '''b''' mottled, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis spumarius}}'' '''c''' with black M-mark, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis m-nigrum}}'' '''d''' almost black, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis nigricornis carbonarius}}''. |
+ | |3= File:ZooKeys-332-095-g007.jpg|4= '''Figure 7.''' Elytral punctures and coloration: '''a''' in rows in deep striae, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis luctuosus}}'' '''b''' confused in basal half, in rows in apical half, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis calcaratus}}'' '''c''' all confused, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis hepaticus}}'' '''d''' confused and mottled, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis spumarius}}'' '''e''' vittate with marginal vitta interrupted, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis bivattatus}}'' '''f''' black, margined with yellow, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis nigriconis carbonarius}}'' '''g''' entirely black, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis luridus}}''. | ||
+ | |5= File:ZooKeys-332-095-g008.jpg|6= '''Figure 8.''' Pygidium: '''a''' largely yellow, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis bivittatus}}'' '''b''' with well-defined yellow spots, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis cephalicus}}'' '''c''' with faint reddish spots, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis spumarius}}'' '''d''' black, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis atomarius}}''. | ||
+ | |7= File:ZooKeys-332-095-g009.jpg|8= '''Figure 9.''' Sexes: '''a''' male abdomen, ventral view, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis bivittatus}}'' '''b''' female abdomen, ventral view, ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis bivittatus}}''. | ||
+ | |9= File:ZooKeys-332-095-g012.jpg|10= '''Habitus 2.''' Dorsal habitus of ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis bivittatus}}''. Scale bar, 1 mm. | ||
+ | |11= File:ZooKeys-332-095-g031.jpg|12= '''Map 2.''' The known distribution of ''{{Taxon name|Pachybrachis bivittatus}}'' in eastern Canada. OR – Ottawa River; SLR – St. Lawrence River; SR – Saguenay River. | ||
}} | }} |
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Ordo: Coleoptera
Familia: Chrysomelidae
Genus: Pachybrachis
Name
Pachybrachis bivittatus (Say, 1824) – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Cryptocephalus bivittatus Say, 1824: 440.
- Pachybrachys albescens Suffrian, 1858: 404.
Recognition
Body very large, primarily yellow (Habitus 2); prothorax suffused with rufous; elytral punctation confused, with somewhat apparent rows on disc; elytral color pattern bivittate, with outer vitta rarely entire (Figure 7e); pygidium yellow (Figure 8a); male size large: length 3.12 ± 0.16 mm, width 1.64 ± 0.05 mm. These characters allow identification of even singleton females.
Distribution
Pachybrachis bivittatus is a transcontinental species found across Canada and the United States (LeSage 1991[1]; Riley et al. 2003[2]). In Ontario, it is most common in the southernmost counties. In Québec, it occurs in the Ottawa Valley and in the St. Lawrence Lowlands. The Saguenay Region is probably its northernmost limit (Map 2).
Material examined
ONTARIO: Carleton Co., Constance Bay, 26.VI.1995, B. F. & J. L. Carr [1♀, CNC]; Elgin Co., New Sarum, 16.VI.1956, W. J. Brown [5♂ 5♀, CNC]; Essex Co., Amherstburg, 6.VI.1936, G. M. Stirrett [2♀, CNC]; Belle River, 26.V.1946, S. D. Hicks [1♂, CNC]; Kingsville, 23.V.1962, Kelyone & Thorpe [1♀, CNC]; same data, except 19.VI.1954, G. B. Wiggins [1♀, ROM]; Pelee Island, 24–27.VI.1935, R. C. Osburn [1♂ 1♀, OSUC]; same data, except 4.VII.1940, W. J. Brown [2♀, CNC]; Point Pelee, 29.VI.1931, W. J. Brown [4♂ 7♀, CNC]; same data, except 1.VI.1933, G. M. Stirrett [3♂, CNC]; same data, except 29.V.1955, S. D. Hicks [3♂ 4♀, CNC]; same data, except 28.VI.1961, Kelton & Brumpton [2♂ 1♀, CNC]; Haldimand Co., Dunnville, 7.VII.1961, W. & W. Plath [1♂, USNM]; same data, except 7.VIII.1961, W. Plath [1♂, USNM]; Kent Co., Thamesville, 15.VI.1930, G. M. Stirrett [1♀, CNC]; Rondeau Park, 5.VI.1985, J. M. Campbell & A. Davies [1♀, CNC]; Lambton Co., Grand Bend, 17.VI.1956, W. J. Brown [1♂ 4♀, CNC]; Lincoln Co., Beamsville, 19.VII.1939, S. D. Hicks [3♂ 3♀, CNC].
QUÉBEC: Argenteuil Co., Carillon, 24.V.1974, E. J. Kiteley [2♂ 1♀, CNC]; Deux-Montagnes Co., La Trappe, 5.VIII.1932, J. Ouellet [1♂, CEUM]; Île-de-Montréal Co., Montréal, F. Knab [1♂, USNM]; same data, except 31.V.1941 [1♀, CEUM]; same data, except 15.VI.1961, M. Larochelle [1♂, CEUM]; same data, except 3–14.VII.1969, E. J. Kiteley [4♂ 6♀, CNC]; same data, except 17.VI, J. Ouellet [1♀, USNM]; Nicolet Co., Bécancour, 24.VI.1967, J. L. Laliberté [1♂, IDM]; Portneuf Co., Neuville, 9.VII.1939, J. Filteau [1♂ 1♀, CEUM]; Sainte-Catherine, 17.VI.1953, J. C. Aubé [1♂ 7♀, LEM]; same data, except 8.VII.1956 [2♀, LEM]; Québec Co., Sainte-Foy, 17.VI.1933, V. Boulet [1♀, CEUM]; Cap-Rouge, 27.VI.1956, J. L. Laliberté [2♂ 2♀, IDM]; Saguenay Co., Rivière Deschênes, 22.VI.1966, A. Franeslier [1♀, CEUM]; Saint-Jean Co., Cantic, 25.VI.1983, on Salix amygdaloides Andersson, A. Larochelle [1♂ 3♀, CNC]; Saint- Maurice Co., Pointe-du-Lac, 3.VII.1937 [1♀, CEUM]; Vaudreuil Co., Rigaud, 12.VII.1908, J. Ouellet [1♂, CEUM].
Host plants
Pachybrachis bivittatus is typically associated with willows (Salix spp., Salicaceae) (Fall 1915[3]; Barney 1984[4]; Downie and Arnett 1996[5]; Clark et al. 2004[6] for literature review). In Canada, MacNay (1958)[7] reported a light infestation of Pachybrachis bivittatus on the foliage of willow along the river banks north of Coaldale, in Alberta. In eastern Canada, LeSage (personal observations) observed it on Bebb’s willow (Salix bebbiana Sarg.), sand-bar willow (Salix interior Rowlee), and stalked willow (Salix petiolaris J.E. Smith). Larochelle (see above) collected it on the peach-leaved willow (Salix amygdaloides Andersson). The larvae feed in the litter, on willow leaves, but only when they are decayed (LeSage 1985[8]).
Comments
With its large size, bivittate elytra, and close association with willows, Pachybrachis bivittatus is one of the easiest species to identify.
Taxon Treatment
- Barney, R; LeSage, L; Savard, K; 2013: Pachybrachis (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae) of Eastern Canada ZooKeys, 332: 95-175. doi
Other References
- ↑ LeSage L (1991) Family Chrysomelidae leaf beetles. In: Bousquet Y (Ed) Checklist of beetles of Canada and Alaska. Research Branch, Agriculutre Canada. Publication 1861/E., Ottawa, 301–323.
- ↑ Riley E, Clark S, Seeno T (2003) Catalog of the leaf beetles of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae and Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society, Special Publication no. 1, 290 pp.
- ↑ Fall H (1915) A revision of the North American species of Pachybrachys. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 41: 291-486.
- ↑ Barney R (1984) Records of Pachybrachis in Illinois (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Great Lakes Entomologist 17(3): 137-144.
- ↑ Downie N, Arnett R (1996) The Beetles of Northeastern North America. Volume II. Polyphaga: Series Bostriciformia through Curculionidea. The Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida, 831 pp.
- ↑ Clark S, LeDoux D, Seeno T, Riley E, Gilbert A, Sullivan J (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada. The Coleopterists Society, Special Publication No. 2, 476 pp.
- ↑ MacNay C (1958) General-feeding and miscellaneous insects. The Canadian Insect Pest Review 36: 158-188.
- ↑ LeSage L (1985) The eggs and larvae of Pachybrachis peccans and P. bivittatus, with a key to the known immature stages of the nearctic genera of Cryptocephalinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The Canadian Entomologist 117: 203-220. doi: 10.4039/Ent117203-2
Images
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